Hypothalamo-neurosecretory complex of Decapterus fabl consists mainly of the nucleus preopticus (NPO), nucleus

lateral is tuberis (NL T) and their zonal tracts. The neurosecretory cells of NPO are generally bipolar and stain readily with aldehyde fuchsin (AF) and chrom-alum -hematoxylin-phloxine (CAPH) but they are also positive to acid fuchsin in Mallory's triple stain. NPO is a paired structure situated on either side of the third ventricle antero-dorsal to the optic chiasma. It is

highly vascularized structure and looks inverted L.-shape in the sagittal section

Pandey, A K

Peer Mohamed, M

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The Third Indian Fisheries Fonun Proceedings 11-14 October, 1993. Pantnagnr. p.131-134. Histomorphology of the Hypothalamo - Neurosecretory System· of the Indian Scad, Decapterus tabl (Berry) AlA Y KUMAR PANDEY and M. PEER MOHAMED'" National Bureau ofFish Genetic Resources, Dariyapur, Talkatora Road, P. B. No. 19, Lucknow - 226004 "'Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P. B. No. 1603, Cochin - 682014 Abstract Hypothalamns of Dccaplems ,abl eonsisls mainly of the nucleus preoptieus (NPO), nucleus lateralis tuberis (NL T) and their axonal tracts. NPO is a paired Slnlctllrc si tuatcd on ci!l\or side of 'he Illird \'DI~Ir'cl IIntcm-docsal ( thcofltiQ lilliilsnl ll. II is hight vllSclJinrizoci lruclmc and look, inY'Cl1~d L.sllnpo inS:l.8itl I scc~iollS. NPO ill di l'isible inlo n dorul ~r.s OJlIgooccllubris{PMC) eoml'ri$il\g Iru"f!;D l1enrons and par pan·occJJulllri.s ppe} rOllned b~ sm, lIer nC~lIm¢C'rctor:.· ·cells. T IlCElmllS aro diJ>lri\JUlcd unifannl)' in Ihe tllfllll~iblJjjlT Aoor lI<ijk'CIIIIO die piluitl\l}' stalk. NcurollS of FMC and PP COJHribulo:l beoocd 31 oilS ~o fooll nellrol. popb}'$ial I racl~. HorriliJ; bQdies nrc:: 111$0 noticed in lhe ncul'Q ll~" IKlPbY$1 NeuroSctfClOf},cclls (NSC) of bolh lIie NI'O nnd NL T dcpict I1l1cl1l3liol\5 in ItlcJr $OC.t'ClGry ~cli tty in response fo I~O gOllad!!J III 3IUf'Dlion. Introduction HypoH alalllu i 3 strategic point in the vertebrate brain dllli mediates t])O organismic etldOCI"ine responses Eltld adjustlnents 10 he en vi roomen to] changes (Peter 1973. )3l1nuacharya t 1992). 111Q veliebra'lc: hypothalaml1s comprises grQups of neurosecretory cells (NSC) which cont-rol the 'Secretion ~nd release of various trophic .h()nnones of the pilllilruy by e1aborating roloasillB (~RH) or inhibiting (-m) 11()rtll0l1~S (Peter, 1977). Hypotilatamu also contains receptors specifically sensitive 'lo Ihe bon nones whi h, ill Itlm, regulate its activity IJlroUgll feedbackmeclu~I1:i m (Ball, 1981), TIlough several workers have described the hypothalamo-neurosecretory complex of teleosts inhabiling freshwater (Maksimovich, 1987), such studies are very few among marine species (Tischenko et al., 1976). An attempt was therefore made to record the hypothalamo-neurosecretory system of the Indian scad, Decaplerlls (obi (Berry). Material and Methods 50 spec.imen of Dlwop1''rtl . lab! (Berry) of both the s~xes {size J3~16 em) werecolleCled by opcl1lting FAO[raw\ net on board FORV Sagar Sampada (cruise 110. 49) from the north-east coast (180 40.5' N; 840 35 ' E)(Bay of Bengal). Their brain along with pituitary a.nd a piece of gonad (to judge [he maturity stage) were extirpated nnd fixed i rnmedi.aICily in fi eshly prep red. aqueous Bouin's 50 ulion. Alter 24 h u s, they were W~hed in 11.ln.riing lap water and prcerved in 70% ethy I a kohol . TIle tissues we.re dchydmted and serial sections C\lt ut 6-8~ and .stailled in Mallory"!! tdp)c, aldehyde fuchsin (AF) and Ilh~'()m-.alltm-hei11atoxyHIl~pblo 'ifle (CAliP). Gonads were Btalil'cd III hem tllo)('yl ill-e:.osl n. ResJllts and Discussion Hypothalamo-neurosecretory complex of Decapterus fabl consists mainly of the nucleus preopticus (NPO), nucleus lateral is tuberis (NL T) and their zonal tracts. The neurosecretory cells ofNPO are generally bipolar and stain readily with aldehyde fllchsin (AF) and hrom-8h.un-hematoxylin~phJoxine (CAP I) but dwy Dre also positive 1.0 acid fuch~in in Mallory's triple stain. (Fig. I) NPO is a paired structure situated on either side of the third ventricle antero-dorsal to the optic chiasma. It is highly vascularized structure SlId looks inverted L.-shap¢ ill Ihe. agittaT &ectton.1l1e smal:l horizonlall imb comprises ofsparsd y distributed neurons whereas the cells are closctypack d in the: vertical lillb . The NPO is divisibl e into a dorsa] pa s magnQCellulflri (PMC) coll1pnsing of larger flCUro ecrelory cells (Fig. I ) and a venlral pars p8fvoceHul;,ris (pPe) fonuoo of smaUer cells (Fig. 3). Tim> we ob ~rve tl progressive reduction i II the ize of NSC fro III dors.al to III ventral III peet 0 f NPO. Illtert!s1ingly. PMC and PPC nurOJ cx:hibjl depletion. of tile secretory granules in d\cir cytoplasJTI in t.he matured (st'age V) specimens ofboLh lhe se 'es (Figs. 2. 4). Howeve., a few acid fllch5i n~poBiliv · colloid·likematerials are seen among the PMC 11 enrosc~fetory cel l s of matl! red female scad (F'g. 2). The NL T cells are distributed uniformly in the infundibular flool' adjaoelll to the pi[uitruy stalk (Fig. 5). TIley are negati ve to AF and CAHP but stain readily with acid fuchsin in Mallory's triple stain. Based on the distribution and size of lhe neurosecretory cells, . T .may be divisible into pat'S anterior (Fig. 6), pars posterior (Figs. 7, 8) and pars inferior (Fig. 9). The neurons are variously shaped and their size range from very small to the larger ones with polymorphic nuclei. A progressive reduction in the size of neuron secretory cells fi'om anterolateral to the ventrolateral aspect of NL T is seen in Fig. I Dorsal region of nucleus preopticus (NPO) of a maturing (stage IV) female Decoplems lobi showing pars magnocellularis (PMC). Mark the presence of large neurosecretory cells and their axon (arrow). Mallory's triple.x400. Fig. 2 PMC of maturcd (stage V) female Decoplerus lab! exhibiting the degranulated and vacuolated ncuroseeretory cells. Acid fuchsin-positive colloid-like material (arrow) and blood vessel (broken arrow) arc also seen. Mallory 's triple. X400. Fig. 3 Ventrai region utNPO o1'm::!tlri!lg m~lc D cnpfcrtfS fabl shq\ illSdnrld)' stained small neurosecretory cells of pars parvocellularis (PPC). Mallory's triple. X400. Fig. 4 ppe of matured female Decoplerus lobI depicting vacuolation in the neurosecretOJ)' cells. Mallory's triple. X 4000. Fig. 5 NucleuS" laleralis luberis (NtT) of II mMurins malo fkCf!pltlfll$ ,obi showing the distribution of acid fuchsin positive neurosecretory cells. Mallory's triple. X 100. 132 Fig. 6 Magnified dew of fig . 5 !o stlow Itle ariously ,.b~pcd neurosecretory cells of pars a~terior part ofNL T. NHT = neurohypophysial tract; arrow = axons. Mallory's triple X 400. Fig. 7 NL T pars posterior neurosecretory cells of maturing female Decoplerrts lobI exhibiting differential staining responses. Mark the neurons with polymorphic nuclei. Mallory's triple X 400. Fig. 8 NLT pars posterior of matured female Decoplerus /obi depicting increase in the staining response and hyperplasia. A few cells exhibit vacuolaton too. Also. mark the presence of colloid-like neurosecretory material (arrow). Mallory's triple. X 400. Fig. 9 NL T pars inr«iofOf lIIa.ureet fCl1l.llto D . C"pll!fllS lobI sI~owing S'fn.fI·i~ neurosecretory cells. Mallory's triple. X 400. Fill- 100 AnleriOf' neuroil}'pollhysis Qr llIj1jured femal .. Dewpli!m.~ '{jbI5b(l\Y~ 11H~ p~ceof acid rllcllsjll1Xl$ilk~ Herring IKJdLd ({I[1'O ~ ANH !intGliOI' ncuroh)'JH)pb)15IS; ST inrnrid'iblliunl . MnllolY's triple_ X 100, Fig. 11 MiijSrtif."C:!·,'le'.'l (Jf Fig. 11 10 !l:how do details of Heoing bad~ 114-the variation in their size (arrow). Mallory's triple. X 100 Decopleru tabl. Tbese neuron are gener Uy bipolar but a {¢w 1l1ll.ltipolar cells an;) also observed. Interestingly, l..T pal's posterior neu on of maluring female cad (stage IV) show lllode-r:ate sraining intClns;ity (Fig. 7) whcreas this respoflsci' lUore prOllollnced in Ihe maltlred females (stage V). AI places a few aCld fuchsin-positi e neurosecretory colloid·like materials ,are at 0 seem {fig. 8), Neurosecretory cells of NPO and NL T contribute beaded axons to fonn neurohypophysial tract which enters the pituitary gland through infundibulum. Herring bodies of varying sizes are also observed in anterior and posterior neurohypophysis of the matured specimens (Figs. 9, 10). The ba i c cy loarclti!ectotl ic patlem of Decapteruf tabl hypthan ,o-neur(lsecrotory syste n reselll ble tho e described for lhe fre hWlIter teleost,s, Generally., the Jl.Cul"osecretory cells of P min with AF and CAHP (Maksimovkh, 1981 but Ihey are alsQ stail1<Jble with acid fuchsin in Dftcapt/!ru. lobi (figs. 1-4). A s:imilar slai.ning re, pon e has alsobeell notice.d in the freshwater Cillpeid, NOloplel'lIS chllato (Pmkash I (11., 1984) Indian mackerel, Ra.wrelliger kanngurto (Pandey, r 993) and the hard·tail ~'C!ld, Megal()~p(s con:lyln (pandey, ullpublish d). NPO is reported 10 play important role In the spawning activiti.c. a d its secretion do influence gol1.;:tdaJ maturation In toleosts (Belsare. 1967), We observed \la~uolation in the neurosecretory cells. of PMC (Fig. 2) and PPC (Fig. 8) of matured (oolh sexa ) Decapl I"Ils/abl. Belsatre (.I967. Clram1Q punc((J{71s) , Viswanatl1analld SUllderaraj (1974a b, Hcteropncrt 'Ies jos,'"tl!s). Tischenko ,(11 al. (l976, ort:gollU$ iltlflHrutalls migr%rus). Sak ena (1976. Glossogobiz(.f gilll'i.f), Rao e.t al. 0979, Clnria halrachus) Moitra and tcdiya (1980,C ,,.hlnt,s nwigala), ZOtotnifskiy (1980, copbtha/orlllJ ' ma(!(J'ljc,,'us), Rai andPafldey (l9806, oil afosciafa) and Das and S.inha (.1988 Laheo bmo) a.1s noticed depl. lion of neurosecretory marcrial dlfril1g spawning eason of tbe fish. Presence of . olloid·like neul'osecretory malerial has been reported in the NPO of the maturIng and matu.r'ud spec·m.ens of Porichthy. ilOWIU.,· (Sathyancsan 1965), Channa plmctaJu.v (Bd-sar , 1967~ Chancirasekbqr nnd bosa, 1972) Phox;ntJ.'i p"(~:rintJs B h a S!lva, 1969). ClaNas h01J'acl/U ' and HQ.(GI'0j111eUSfCs fa 'si/(s (Chandmsckhar and Khosa. 1972). Glossogoblu,'i gluri,f (S ak sena, 1979). Scoplllhalamu. 'uaeoficIIs (Zol otni1Skiy! 198:0 "N%plerus chllola l1-aka h I ;Jr. , 198.4), /lostl'elllger kaT/aguna (Pandey. J 993), lind Megt:Jlo~'Pi cordylcr (Pandey. lUlpublished . imilllF stTUcture are also ellcotll1tet"ed in Ihe NPO (PMC) ofma!ured Decaplmls labl(Fig.2) NL T has been reported to be a second neurosecretory centre in the teleostean hypothalamus (Billenstein, 1963). ItQwevef. there are stray recordS of lIS absence among a' few species (Charlton, 1932; Kobayashi el af., 1959). Kobayashi et al. (959) remarked that season or age factors may be responsible for the absence of stainable granules in the NL T. -Terlou and. Ekcngren (1969) have also commente-d .. 'rom It morphological and physiological point of view, this is very unlikely. The poor stainability of the neurosecretory material in the NLT eM cause secretol)' aclivily to be overlooked in large neurons", The neurosecretory cells ofNLT pars anterior (Fig. 6) pUJ1 posterior (Figs. 7, 8) and pnrs !nfel'icr (Fig. 9) of Decapterus fabl are readily stainable with acid fuchsin. Fluctuations in the secretory activity of pars posterior cells with maturity (Figs. 7,8) suggest their involvement in the maturation of the fis·h. Vi wlolnathan ilIld Surtderaraj (19748", bslso recorded histological van ati on i o. the 8(;ti vhy of N T oolls of female Heteropl1eustes!o 'sUb/in fUllponse to gonadal cyCloas well as sex steroid aditlini trat"on. In · (llisa !a.fciola (both sexes), Rai and Pandey "J 986) noticed the accul'I:mlalion of tlCmrosecretory materials during. pl'cspawning and if dep etlon (probably oceanS(! of resease) during spawning phase of the n:p.roducti Va cycle. We noticed the occurrence of neurosecretory colloid like material in NL T pars posterior of matured Decapterus tab! (Fig. 8). Zolotnitskiy (1980) has also recorded similar structures in the foon of different-sized drops in lateral nucleus of the Black Sea turbot, Scoplhafamus maeoticus. Herring bodie are seen in the anterio and posterior neurotlypophysi - of DeCllpteru.v tabl (Figs . to , [r , Satnyanesan (I 96S·Poriclhys nOfa l us, 1970- 'larras balrachus), Bhargava (1969 - Pho.ytlltJs pho.rlur . . aktma ( 1979 - 010 sogoh1u glurl) , Zo lOlll itsldy (1980 ~ 'CfJphthalamu. maeoJ.lcs) . Pandey ( 1993 • Ra I,. "'gel' kar1f~gllrl(J, unpublished·Megalo. ploY cordy/a) have 0 Is o observed a similar distribution of Herring bodies which nre assumed to be acclllTIulatedlleuroecretory material that help increase the surface area for the release of biologic.allyactive prtncipl s in the clrcu.lati.on ( albyane an 1965: Bhargflva 1969; Saksenll, 1979; ZoJotnit kyo 1980). Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. P.S.B.R. James, Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin and Dr. P. Das, Director, National Bureau ofFish Genetic Resources, Lucknow for their valuable help and encouragement. References Ball, J. N., 1981. Hypothalamic control of pars distal is in fishes, amphibians and reptiles . Gen. Compo Endocrinol., 44: 135· 170, Belsare, D. K., 1967. Periodic activity of the pituitary gland and nucleus preopticus in Channa (Ophiocep/7alus) punctafus (Bloch.) Zoo I. Pol., 17: 275-285. Bhargava, H. N., 1969, Hypothalamo-hypophysial system in the minnow, Phoxinlls phoxinus L, with note on the effect of hypophysectomy. J. Compo Neurol., 137:89-120. Bhattacharya, S., 1992. Endocrine control of fish reproduction. ClUT. Sci ., 63: 135-139. Billenstein, D. c., 1963. Neurosecretory material from the nucleus lateralis tuberis in the hypophysis of the eastern brook trout, Salvelinlls jOnlinalis. Z. Zellforsch., 59: 507-512. Chandrasekhar, K. and Khosa, D., 1972. Histomorphological studies on the neurosecretory system of three genera of freshwater teleostean fishes. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 76B:240"250. Charlton, H. H., 1932. Comparative studies on the nucleus preopticus, pars magnocellularis and nucleus lateralis tuberis in fishes. J. Compo Neurol. , 54 : 237-275. Das, R. C. and Sinha, Y. K. P., 1988. Histomorphology of the neurosecretory regulation of ovarian maturity in the teleost, Labeo bala (Hamilton). Veterin. Archiv., 58 :11-21. Kobayashi, S., Ishii, S. and Gorbman, A., 1959. The hypothalamic neurosecretory apparatus and the pituitai)' gland of teleost,Lepidogobilis lepidus. Gumma J. Med. Sci., 8:301-320. Maksimovich, A. A., 1987. Neurosecretory hypothalamo-hypophysial system of teleostean fish. J. Ichthyol., 27(4 ):92-106. Moitra, S. K and Medya, B. E., 1980. Histomorphology of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in relation to gonadal maturation in Cirrhinus mrigala, a freshwater Indian carp. Anat. Anz., 148: 409-421. Pandey, A. K, 1993. Hypothalamo-neurosecretory system of the Indian mackerel, Raslrelliger kanagllrla Cuvier. Natl. Acad. Sci. Letters, 16: 265-268. Peter, R. E., 1973. Neuroendocrinology of teleosts. Amer. Zool., 13: 743-755. Peter, R. E ., 1977. The nucleus preopticus in fishes : a comparative discussion of function-activity relationship. Amer. Zool., 17: 775-785 . Prakash, M. M., Srivastava, S. S. and Belsare, D. K, 1984. Correlative cyclical changes in the hypothalamo-hypop lys.ial-gollildal system ill N%pten}}i cltilala (Ham.). Z. tnlkl'Osk. anat Forsch. 98:225-240, Rao, P. D. P., Subedhar, N. and Ganesh, N., 1979. Different neuronal populations of the nucleus preoptic us and their responses to gonadectomy and ·oestradiol benzoate treatment with a note on the gonadotrops in the catfish, Clarias balrachus (Linn.) Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., 45B: 483-490. Rai, S. C. and Pandey, K. , 1986. Correlative seasonal changes in the hypothalamic nuclei, adenohypophysial cells and gonads of tropical perch, Colisajasciala (BI. & Sch.). Bull. Inst. Zool., Acad. Sinica, 25: 57-66. Saksell., D. N., 1976, TIle hypotbatamo-ueurohypophysial systelll ~md its physiological regulation to the reproducti VOl cycle of Lbe Indian freshwater gob, GIOSl'OgobllJS glllrls (Ham.) Acta Physiol. Pol., 21: 539-548. Saksena, D. N., 1979. The bypothalomo-neurohypophyslal system in th~ h dian freshwoter goby, Gla SClgobl1 glurl:~ . Z. Mikrosk. Anal. Fol'sc.h .• 93: [1 37-U58, athyllnesan, A. G., 1965. Hypothalamo·hypoph.ysi I system ill the -nonnni aud hypophysectornized teleost, Porichtbys tlotntus Oirad and it· response to oontinuous light. J, Morph., 117: 25-48. Sathyanesan, A. G., 1970. Nucleus lateralis tuberis of Clarias balrachu.f (L.) Zool. Betr. 16: 252-262. Tischenko. N. T., Yorisova, M. N. and Polenov, A. L., 1976. The preoptico-hypophysial neurosecreotry system in the Baikal teleost, Coregonus aUlumnalis migratorills, during the prespawning period. Z. Evo!. Biochem. Fisiol. (Moskava), 12: 439-443. Vi wllnathan, N. and Sunde:t8f-aj. B. I., 1974 . Respom~e of the hypothalamo-hypophysial-ovarian system of the catfish, Heleropneustes jossilis (Bloch), to administration of estrogen and androgen. Neuroendocrinology, 16: 212-224. Viswanathan, N. and Sundernraj. B. I., J974b. Seasonal cblingC$ in hypothalamo-hypophysial-ovarian system in the cat-fish, Heleropneustes jossilis (Bloch). J. Fish BioI., 6: 331-340. Zolotnitskiy, A. P., 1980. 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Histomorphology of the Hypothalamo – Neurosecretory System of the Indian Scad, Decapterus tabl (Berry)

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Histomorphology of the Hypothalamo – Neurosecretory System of the Indian Scad, Decapterus tabl (Berry)

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