La intensificación y el uso de los factores de producción en horticultura

Hasta el principio de los años 80 la agricultura en la CEE seguía un comportamiento productivista. La generación de excedentes y la preocupación medioambiental cambiaron las líneas de actuación, y tomaron importancia otros conceptos como la extensificación que más tarde se ha relacionado con la sostenibilidad

Varietal change dominates adoption of technology in Spanish citrus production

After describing the technology adopted and its influence on production and yield, the importance of varietal change, which is essential to meet demand, is underscored. The choice of a variety by growers depends on the expected price it will fetch along with the commercial and crop characteristics and the quality. Survival of a variety in the marketplace depends on the performance as expected and on the existence of other more competitive varieties. First, in Spanish citrus farming, the navel group predominate, with 41.10% of orange production, in which the main varieties are "Navelina" and "Lanelate." The group of late white oranges is also important. The mandarin orange group includes clementines and mandarin hybrids; lemons also feature prominently. In sweet oranges, the navel group and late white group has often been renewed with varieties from the same group. In very early clementines varieties, the survival of which is usually short, the supply of new varieties is excessive. Because of its commercial characteristics and harvesting time, the group with the highest expansion possibilities are the mandarin hybrids which are in demand by hypermarkets. In the introduction of varieties, in recent years we have seen varietal clubs being established, with area control of each variety and very strict rules on cultivation and marketing.This research received no external funding

Propuesta del centro histórico de Querétaro como destino turístico inteligente

El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en contestar a la pregunta de qué posibilidades reales y viables tiene el destino turístico Centro Histórico de Querétaro de convertirse en un Destino Turístico Inteligente (DTI). El objetivo secundario consistirá en diseñar la ruta o el itinerario que contenga los pasos necesarios a seguir, basado en un diagnóstico, requisitos y recomendaciones para alcanzarlo. Con este fin se encuestó y entrevistó a un rango de actores representativos del sector turístico de diferentes actividades que intervienen en la oferta turística de Querétaro.2021-2

Calidad asistencial percibida y satisfacción de las personas sordas con la atención primaria de un Área de Salud de la Región de Murcia

Objective: To describe the quality of care and satisfaction with regard to the primary care services of the Health Area II Cartagena of the Murcia Health Service as perceived by deaf people of Cartagena and the region.Method: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The data were collected through the simultaneous translation of the Questionnaire on Evaluation and Improvement of the Quality of Care (EMCA) relative to the Perceived Quality in Primary Care. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, level of education, kind of deafness, first language and use, communication systems or supports, quality of perceived service, perception of professionalism and humane treatment by doctors, nurses and administrative personnel and overall satisfaction perceived regarding their Health Center.Results: Professionalism and humane treatment on behalf of doctors and administrative staff was perceived as deficient, yet this perception was good in the case of nurses. Overall satisfaction is lower than that in the general population. There are statistically significant differences between the type of deafness and the perceived professionalism, the humane treatment and the perceived professionalism and between the communication system or support and the perceived quality of care.Conclusions: The health care provided to this group with special needs must be adapted so that they perceive quality health care leading to increased access and monitoring of deaf people in the health system.  Objetivo: Describir la calidad asistencial percibida y la satisfacción frente a los servicios de Atención Primaria del Área de Salud II Cartagena del Servicio Murciano de Salud por parte de las personas sordas de Cartagena y comarca.Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Los datos se recogieron mediante la traducción simultánea a la lengua de signos española del Cuestionario de Evaluación y Mejora de la Calidad Asistencial de Calidad Percibida en Atención Primaria. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, nivel de estudios, tipo de sordera, primera lengua y uso, sistemas o apoyos comunicativos, calidad de atención percibida, percepción de la profesionalidad y trato humano por parte del profesional de la medicina, enfermería y administración y la satisfacción global percibida con su Centro de Atención Primaria. Resultados: La profesionalidad y trato humano recibido por parte del personal médico y administrativo fue percibido como deficiente, considerándose bueno en caso de las enfermeras. La satisfacción global es menor a la de la población general. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tipo de sordera y la profesionalidad percibida, el trato humano y la profesionalidad percibida y entre el sistema o apoyo comunicativo y la calidad de la atención percibida. Conclusiones: Es necesario adaptar la atención en salud que se presta a este colectivo con necesidades especiales a fin de que perciban una atención sanitaria de calidad que derive en un mayor acceso y seguimiento de personas sordas en el sistema sanitario. &nbsp

Simple and Sustainable Preparation of Cathodes for Li−S Batteries: Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon from the Odor Control System of a Wastewater Treatment Plant

To obtain a wide variety of green materials, numerous investigations have been undertaken on industrial waste that can act as sustainable resources. The use of hazardous wastes derived from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), especially the activated carbon used in odor control systems, is a highly abundant, scalable, and cost-effective strategy. The reuse of waste materials is a key aspect, especially for the sustainable development of emerging energy storage systems, such as lithium-sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Herein, granular active carbons from two WWTP treatment lines were regenerated in air at low temperature and utilized as the sulfur host with micro-/mesoporous framework. The resulting regenerated carbon and sulfur composites were employed as cathodes for Li−S cells. The SL-ACt3@S composite electrode with 60 wt% loaded sulfur exhibited a remarkable initial capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 at C/10 rate and higher than 800 mAh g−1 at C/2. Even at a rate of 1C, it maintained a high capacity of almost 700 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 85.4 % after 350 cycles, demonstrating a very low capacity fading of only 0.042 % per cycle. It is essential to note that the coulombic efficiency was always higher than 96 % during all the cycles. In this proposal, the only used source material was expired carbon from WWTP that was obtained with a simple and effective regeneration process. This “trash into treasure” strategy leads to a new way for using hazardous waste material as high-performance and environmentally safe electrodes for advanced Li−S batteries

Determinantes del resultado de la innovación en empresas españolas.

En el presente estudio se examina cómo determinantes de la innovación, en específico: la innovación de productos, la innovación de procesos y las patentes influyen en el resultado de la innovación en empresas manufactureras españolas; considerando el efecto que ejercen los outputs de innovación a partir de los inputs de innovación (gastos internos de I+D, gastos externos de I+D, financiación pública, personal especializado en I+D y cooperación con agentes externos) durante el período 2003–2016. Este análisis empírico utiliza una muestra de 12.849 empresas que ejecutan actividad innovadora en territorio español, por medio de la base de datos del PITEC. Los principales resultados obtenidos reflejan como los citados determinantes favorecen el proceso innovador de las empresas.<br /

Red-light effects sensitized by methylene blue on nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) leaves

Nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves, which had been inactivated in vitro by incubation with N A D H and cyanide, was fully reactivated in minutes when irradiated in anaerobic conditions with red light in the presence o f m ethylene blue. Both the rate and the extent of reactivation increased with light intensity ( 6 to 100 W - m “ 2) and dye concentration (1 to 10 jiM). On the contrary, photoreactivation was com pletely abolished when N A D H or ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid were present during irradiation. W e propose that methylene blue, when photo excited, exhibits a redox potential positive enough to reoxidise the CN~-reduced molybdenum complex settled in the inactive enzyme, thus causing its reactivation. On the other hand, prolonged irradiation o f nitrate reductase, under air and in the presence o f methylene blue, promoted an oxygen-dependent irreversible inactivation o f the two partial activities of the enzyme. This inactivation was markedly enhanced in 77% deuterated water and greatly prevented by azide, which indicates that singlet oxygen is the species primarily involved in the photooxidative inactivation o f the enzym

Seguimiento de la adquisición de competencias profesionales en el Grado de Psicología

El presente trabajo pretende comprobar qué nivel de competencia perciben haber alcanzado los estudiantes del Grado de Psicología en aquellas actividades directamente relacionadas con las tareas de su desempeño profesional. La muestra la constituyen alumnos de varios cursos de Psicología de la Universidad de Salamanca. Los estudiantes responderán on-line, al final de curso, a un cuestionario de autopercepción de competencias profesionales (1=Nada competente; 5=Muy competente) correspondientes a los cuatro perfiles del psicólogo/a - sanitario, educativo, sociocomunitario y laboral-organizativo -. (Castro, 2004). El perfil base de autopercepción de competencias se deriva de las respuestas ofrecidas por los alumnos de 1º curso (N=172) en el primer cuatrimestre. En esta primera fase, los resultados obtenidos muestran que, de las 57 competencias valoradas, los estudiantes se autoperciben como "nada competentes" en la mayoría de ellas (Nivel 1); y solamente como "moderadamente competentes" (Nivel 3) en tres competencias transversales (manejo de informática, de paquetes estadísticos y de inglés). Estos resultados servirán de referencia para posteriores análisis estadísticos comparativos entre cursos. Se espera que los estudiantes autoperciban mayor competencia profesional a medida que se incrementa su formación académica, pudiendo existir diferencias en función de las competencias profesionales asignadas a los distintos perfiles profesionales del psicólogo/a

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Fucoxanthin from the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Biogas Production through Anaerobic Digestion

Phaeodactylum tricornutum is the marine diatom best known for high-value compounds that are useful in aquaculture and food area. In this study, fucoxanthin was first extracted from the diatom using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and then using the extracted diatom-like substrate to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. Factors such as temperature (30 °C and 50 °C), pressure (20, 30, and 40 MPa), and ethanol (co-solvent concentration from 10% to 50% v/v) were optimized for improving the yield, purity, and recovery of fucoxanthin extracted using SFE. The highest yield (24.41% w/w) was obtained at 30 MPa, 30 °C, and 30% ethanol but the highest fucoxanthin purity and recovery (85.03mg/g extract and 66.60% w/w, respectively) were obtained at 30 MPa, 30 °C, and 40%ethanol. Furthermore, ethanol as a factor had the most significant effect on the overall process of SFE. Subsequently, P.tricornutum biomass and SFE-extracted diatom were used as substrates for biogas production through AD. The effect of fucoxanthin was studied on the yield of AD, which resulted in 77.15 ± 3.85 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids (VS) and 56.66 ± 1.90 LSTP CH4/kg VS for the whole diatom and the extracted P.tricornutum, respectively. Therefore, P.tricornutuman can be considered a potential source of fucoxanthin and methane and both productions will contribute to the sustainability of the algae-biorefinery processes

Warming rate shapes the thermal tolerance of freshwater phytoplankton.

The impact of global warming on phytoplankton species in freshwater ecosystems could vary depending on their capacity for adapting and acclimating to changes in temperature. To make better predictions under different global warming scenarios, it is crucial to perform long-term experiments where the selection of new genetic variants could occur in addition to potential gene expression changes. Here we aimed to explore the differential evolutionary potential of two freshwater phytoplankton species growing under increasing temperatures, the bloom forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing and the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Dang. We performed an evolutionary ratchet experiment lasting over 60 generations to detect the limit of resistance to high temperatures of both species. Populations were initially maintained at 25 ºC and then subjected to a slow (+2 ºC) or to a rapid (+4 ºC) temperature increase. To characterize the increase in thermal tolerance of the derived populations, we compared the growth rate and photosynthetic performance of derived and ancestral populations at control (25 ºC), sublethal and lethal temperatures of ancestral populations. We observed that slow warming facilitates the increase of thermal tolerance of both species. Specifically, the lethal temperature of ancestral populations was only surpassed by derived populations under slow warming conditions. Thermo-tolerant derived strains showed higher photosynthetic capacity than ancestral ones at high temperatures, but at the cost of a limited capacity to dissipate energy via non-photochemical pathways. Our results suggested that the rate of global warming could modulate the thermal tolerance limit and resilience of phytoplanktonic species and alter the primary production and resilience of freshwater ecosystems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech