Expressive Language in White Hmong

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 472-48

Controlled auxin biosynthesis and transport are important for developmental decisions in the early diverging land plant Physcomitrella patens

The aim of this thesis was to increase our understanding of the importance of the plant hormone auxin in land plant evolution. The role of a number of auxin regulatory network components in developmental decisions during the haploid phase of the life cycle of the model moss Physcomitrella patens, which belongs to the early diverging bryophyte group of land plants, was investigated. We show that the role of SHI/STY transcriptional activators in the regulation of auxin biosynthesis rates in seed plants is conserved in moss. The amount and rates of auxin synthesis are reduced in PpSHI knockout mutants, defects in these mutants can be mimicked by reducing active auxin in the PpSHI expression domain, and several moss homologues of YUC and TAA1/TAR genes, which encode the main auxin biosynthesis enzymes in seed plants, were activated in moss when PpSHI2 was transiently expressed. Our data reveal that these moss YUC and TAA1/TAR genes can induce auxin biosynthesis, and that their expression domains largely overlap with that of the two PpSHIs in certain stages of the moss life cycle. PpSHI2 also directly or indirectly activates homologues of genes involved in polar auxin transport (PAT) in seed plants, PpPINA, PpPINB and PpLAXB. We show that the auxin efflux function of PIN proteins have been conserved during the evolution of land plants, and that they, together with the PpSHI auxin biosynthesis regulators, are important for determining developmentally regulated decisions, such as the switch between two cell types of the filamentous stage in moss. In addition, PIN-mediated distribution of auxin synthesised in the leaves plays an important role in determining a developmentally regulated wave of cell expansion. PpSHI regulated local auxin biosynthesis is crucial for several steps in reproductive organ development, such as egg cell maturation, clearance of a canal to the egg cavity, as well as apical opening of both male and female reproductive organs allowing sperm release and entrance into the egg cavity. If polar auxin transport plays a role during these stages remains to be studied. This demonstrates that regulated distribution of auxin was operational in cell-fate decisions already in the early land plants, and that auxin has played a key role in the evolution of complex land plant structures

Semantic Unity and Constructional Particularity: The French Se Faire Construction

Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on The Place of Morphology in a Grammar (1992), pp. 143-15

The Effects of a High Fat Meal on Blood Flow Regulation during Arm Exercise

A diet high in saturated fats results in endothelial dysfunction and can lead to atherosclerosis, a precursor to cardiovascular disease. Exercise training is a potent stimulus though to mitigate the negative effects of a high saturated fat diet; however, it is unclear how high-saturated fat meal (HSFM) consumption impacts blood flow regulation during a single exercise session. PURPOSE: This study sought to examine the impact of a single HSFM on peripheral vascular function during an acute upper limb exercise bout. METHODS: Ten young healthy individuals completed two sessions of progressive handgrip exercise. Subjects either consumed a HSFM (0.84 g of fat/kg of body weight) 4 hours prior or remained fasted before the exercise bout. Progressive rhythmic handgrip exercise (6kg, 12kg, 18kg) was performed for 3 minutes per stage at rate of 1 Hz. The brachial artery (BA) diameter and blood velocity was obtained using Doppler Ultrasound (GE Logiq e) and BA blood flow was calculated with these values. RESULTS: BA blood flow and flow mediated dilation (normalized for shear rate) during the handgrip exercise significant increased from baseline in all workloads, but no differences were revealed in response to the HSFM consumption. CONCLUSION: Progressive handgrip exercise augmented BA blood flow and flow mediated dilation in both testing days; however, there was no significant differences following the HSFM consumption. This suggests that upper limb blood flow regulation during exercise is unaltered by a high fat meal in young healthy individuals.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/gradposters/1060/thumbnail.jp

Genome Sequencing of Pleurozium schreberi: The Assembled and Annotated Draft Genome of a Pleurocarpous Feather Moss

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)The pleurocarpous feather moss Pleurozium schreberi is a ubiquitous moss species which plays a fundamental role in many terrestrial ecosystems, for instance within the boreal forest, the Earth’s largest terrestrial biome, this species plays a significant role in driving ecosystem nitrogen and carbon inputs and fluxes. By hosting dinitrogen (N2)-fixing cyanobacteria, the moss-cyanobacteria symbiosis constitutes the main nitrogen input into the ecosystem and by the high productivity and the low decomposability of the moss litter, P. schreberi contributes significantly to build-up soil organic matter, and therefore long-term C sequestration. Knowledge on P. schreberi genome will facilitate the development of ‘omics’ and system’s biology approaches to gain a more complete understanding of the physiology and ecological adaptation of the moss and the mechanisms underpinning the establishment of the symbiosis. Here we present the de novo assembly and annotation of P. schreberi genome that will help investigating these questions. The sequencing was performed using the HiSeq X platform with Illumina paired-end and mate-pair libraries prepared with CTAB extracted DNA. In total, the assembled genome was approximately 318 Mb, while repetitive elements account for 28.42% of the genome and 15,992 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome, of which 84.23% have been functionally annotated. We anticipate that the genomic data generated will constitute a significant resource to study ecological and evolutionary genomics of P. schreberi, and will be valuable for evo-devo investigations as well as our understanding of the evolution of land plants by providing the genome of a pleurocarpous moss.We would like to thank colleagues at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Duke University, and the DOE Joint Genome Institute for access to prepublication genome and annotation of Sphagnum fallax to use in comparisons against gene families. The Nilsson-Ehle Endowments from The Royal Physiographic Society of Lund for financial support. The authors would also like to acknowledge support from Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab, Sweden), the National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI, Stockholm, Sweden), Nation Bioinfor-matics Infrastructure (NBIS; Stockholm, Sweden) and Uppmax (Uppsala, Sweden), for providing assistance in massive parallel sequencing as well as the computational infrastructure.Peer Reviewe

Directional auxin transport mechanisms in early diverging land plants

The emergence and radiation of multicellular land plants was driven by crucial innovations to their body plans [1]. The directional transport of the phytohormone auxin represents a key, plant-specific mechanism for polarization and patterning in complex seed plants [2, 3, 4 and 5]. Here, we show that already in the early diverging land plant lineage, as exemplified by the moss Physcomitrella patens, auxin transport by PIN transporters is operational and diversified into ER-localized and plasma membrane-localized PIN proteins. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses revealed that PIN-dependent intercellular auxin transport in Physcomitrella mediates crucial developmental transitions in tip-growing filaments and waves of polarization and differentiation in leaf-like structures. Plasma membrane PIN proteins localize in a polar manner to the tips of moss filaments, revealing an unexpected relation between polarization mechanisms in moss tip-growing cells and multicellular tissues of seed plants. Our results trace the origins of polarization and auxin-mediated patterning mechanisms and highlight the crucial role of polarized auxin transport during the evolution of multicellular land plants

Marine Invaders in the Northeast: Rapid Assessment Survey of Non-native and Native Marine Species of Floating Dock Communities, August 2003

In his seminal book on The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants, Elton (1958) laid the foundation for the science of biological invasions. He identified the importance of human-mediated vectors as means of transporting organisms to new locations and discussed invasions in the context of ecological impacts and evolutionary consequences. Elton even identified what needed to be done to prevent practical and ecological damages from invaders--keep them out, eradicate them, and if all else fails, manage them at acceptable levels. We have not been vigilant in applying this knowledge to marine ecosystems, although this is changing. Our ability to detect changes in numbers and rate of marine introductions depends on well-documented lists of species in time and space, appropriate identification of non-native species, and careful records that follow changes in nomenclature, distribution, potential vectors, and ecosystem alterations caused by non-native species.United States. Environmental Protection Agency (Grant X83055701

Epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli carriage in sympatric humans and livestock in a rapidly urbanizing city

There are substantial limitations in understanding of the distribution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and livestock in developing countries. This papers present the results of an epidemiological study examining patterns of AMR in Escherichia coli isolates circulating in sympatric human (n = 321) and livestock (n = 633) samples from 99 households across Nairobi, Kenya. E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial drugs representing nine antibiotic classes. High rates of AMR were detected, with 47.6% and 21.1% of isolates displaying resistance to three or more and five or more antibiotic classes, respectively. Human isolates showed higher levels of resistance to sulfonamides, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides and penicillins compared with livestock (P0.05). These findings revealed a high prevalence of AMR E. coli circulating in healthy humans and livestock in Nairobi, with no evidence to suggest that keeping livestock, when treated as a single risk factor, contributed significantly to the burden of AMR in humans, although the presence of livestock waste was significant. These results provide an understanding of the broader epidemiology of AMR in complex and interconnected urban environments