コウソウ スサビノリ ニ オケル コピア ヨウ レトロトランスポゾン ノ タンリ ト カイセキ

Retrotransposons, which transpose through the reverse transcription of their mRNAintermediate, are the most abundant and widespread class of eukaryotic transposableelements. They are separated into two broad groups, the long terminal repeat (LTR) andnon-LTR retrotransposons. LTR retrotransposons are further classified into two major groups, the copia and gypsy. The two types can be distinguished by the inversed order of the gene arrangement of integrase and RT/RNase H. Both types have provided potential tools for the basic and applied studies in plant biology. Porphyra yezoensis has been using for cultivation of seaweed and most important in the fishery industry of Japan. In addition, it has recently received much attention as a model for fundamental research on marine plants. Hence, retrotransposons are also expected to be valuable tools for the research in Porphyra. There are, however, no reports on LTR retrotransposons in macro algae including Porphyra. In my studies for a doctor\u27s degree, I addressed elucidation ofthe nature of two copia-like retrotransposons from P. yezoensis

5S ribosomal RNA is an essential component of a nascent ribosomal precursor complex that regulates the Hdm2-p53 checkpoint

Recently, we demonstrated that RPL5 and RPL11 act in a mutually dependent manner to inhibit Hdm2 and stabilize p53 following impaired ribosome biogenesis. Given that RPL5 and RPL11 form a preribosomal complex with noncoding 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the three have been implicated in the p53 response, we reasoned they may be part of an Hdm2-inhibitory complex. Here, we show that small interfering RNAs directed against 5S rRNA have no effect on total or nascent levels of the noncoding rRNA, though they prevent the reported Hdm4 inhibition of p53. To achieve efficient inhibition of 5S rRNA synthesis, we targeted TFIIIA, a specific RNA polymerase III cofactor, which, like depletion of either RPL5 or RPL11, did not induce p53. Instead, 5S rRNA acts in a dependent manner with RPL5 and RPL11 to inhibit Hdm2 and stabilize p53. Moreover, depletion of any one of the three components abolished the binding of the other two to Hdm2, explaining their common dependence. Finally, we demonstrate that the RPL5/RPL11/5S rRNA preribosomal complex is redirected from assembly into nascent 60S ribosomes to Hdm2 inhibition as a consequence of impaired ribosome biogenesis. Thus, the activation of the Hdm2-inhibitory complex is not a passive but a regulated event, whose potential role in tumor suppression has been recently noted

Playing Field Evaluations for M-NCPPC

Final Project for PLSC402: Sports Turf Management (Fall 2020). University of Maryland, College Park.Students in PLSC402 worked with Prince George’s County Department of Parks and Recreation to assist the department in improving the maintenance practices on some of their sports fields to provide safe, agronomically sound play areas for county residents and amateur sports teams. Students provided assistance in creating a “turf inventory” on the county’s recreational sports fields and Board of Education fields, which the Department of Parks and Recreation may take over in the near future. While it wasn’t feasible within the framework of the class to examine every sports field, PLSC402 “Sports Turf Management” students examined and researched three fields, which were representative of other county field conditions and traffic and play patterns. The results of standard sports turf field assessment measurements, including shear strength, surface hardness, bulk density, and volumetric water content, are included in this report. Based on these findings, field visits, and observations agronomic recommendations were developed and included in this report

Understanding organic and conventional management programs and rhizosphere microbiome for sports turf in Maryland

In response to public concerns about exposure to pesticides, some state and local municipalities have placed restrictions on the use of pesticides on athletic fields. When such restrictions are implemented athletic field management often transitions to the use of natural or organic turf care with little understanding of how the transition away from conventional management practices may affect surface conditions and soil microbial properties.This thesis examined the use of organic and conventional management programs on the turf quality, surface hardness, and shear strength of engineered soil cap, hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis) athletic fields, as well as the impact of the two programs on the rhizosphere microbiome. Turf quality was assessed by visual means and by obtaining normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) readings of the turf canopy. Surface hardness was determined using a Clegg impact surface tester. The rotational shear strength of the surface was measured using a shear vane. The study was conducted for 3 years at two different locations; research plots at the University of Maryland Research Facility and on athletic fields at Laytonia Recreational Park, in Gaithersburg, MD. Surface property data was collected monthly. Turf visual quality and NDVI data revealed use of the organic management program led to higher visual quality during spring, which was primarily the result of the spring retention of fall overseeded intermediate ryegrass (Lolium x hybridum Hausskn) and early season use of natural based fertilizers. In the summer months, crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum Schreb.) encroachment was limited to the organically managed turfgrass. At both locations, clover (Trifolium repens) encroachment developed by the third year of the study, but the presence of this weed had limited impact on turfgrass quality. There were few significant differences in surface hardness and shear strength between the two management practices over the entire study period. The rhizosphere microbiome data, which was collected 12, 20, and 24 months after the initiation of two programs, did not show any significant difference between the organic and conventional management athletic fields in microbial abundance and/or diversity. The results of this study emphasize that the adoption of organic management programs on bermudagrass athletic fields should, in most instances, center on the establishment of acceptable weed tolerance levels for these fields. The use of organic management programs in the transition zone offers a viable alternative to the conventional chemical management of athletic fields, however over time, growing weed seed banks may necessitate the need for the occasional use of conventional herbicide materials

Raman, dielectric and variable range hopping nature of Gd2O3-doped K0.5N0.5NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics

(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) + x wt% Gd2O3 (x = 0 -1.5) ceramics have been prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The effect of Gd2O3 on the structural, microstructural and dielectric properties of KNN ceramics were studied systematically. The effect of Gd2O3 on phase transformation from orthorhombic to psuedocubic structure is explained interms of changes in the internal vibration modes of NbO6 octahedra. The Raman intensity of the stretching mode v1 enhanced and shifted toward higher wavenumber with Gd2O3 concentration, which is attributed to the increase in polarizability and change in the O-Nb-O bond angles. Microstructural analysis revealed that the grain size of the KNN ceramics decreases from 2.26 ± 1.07 μm to 0.35 ± 0.13 μm and becomes homogenous with an increase in Gd2O3 concentration. The frequency dependent dielectric spectra are analyzed by using Havriliak-Negami function. The fitted symmetry parameter and relaxation time (τ) are found to be 0.914 and 8.78 × 10−10 ± 5.5 × 10−11 s, respectively for the sample doped with x = 1.0. The addition of Gd2O3 to the KNN shifted the polymorphic phase transition orthorhombic to tetragonal transition temperature (TO-T) from 199oC to 85oC with enhanced dielectric permittivity (ε′ = 1139 at 1 MHz). The sample with x = 1.0, shown a high dielectric permittivity (ε′ = 879) and low dielectric loss (<5%) in the broad temperature range (-140oC – 150oC) with the Curie temperature 307 oC can have the potential for high temperature piezoelectric and tunable RF circuit applications. The temperature dependent AC-conductivity follows the variable range hopping conduction mechanism by obtaining the slope -0.25 from the ln[ln(ρac)] versus ln(T) graph in the temperature range of 133 K-308 K. The effect of Gd2O3 on the Mott’s parameters such as density of states (N(EF)), hopping length (RH), and hopping energy (WH) have been discussed