Infinite S-expansion with ideal subtraction and some applications

According to the literature, the S-expansion procedure involving a finite semigroup is valid no matter what the structure of the original Lie (super)algebra is; however, when something about the structure of the starting (super)algebra is known and when certain particular conditions are met, the S-expansion method (with its features of resonance and reduction) is able not only to lead to several kinds of expanded (super)algebras but also to reproduce the effects of the standard as well as the generalized Inönü-Wigner contraction. In the present paper, we propose a new prescription for S-expansion, involving an infinite abelian semigroup S^(∞) and the subtraction of an infinite ideal subalgebra. We show that the subtraction of the infinite ideal subalgebra corresponds to a reduction. Our approach is a generalization of the finite S-expansion procedure presented in the literature, and it offers an alternative view of the generalized Inönü-Wigner contraction. We then show how to write the invariant tensors of the target (super)algebras in terms of those of the starting ones in the infinite S-expansion context presented in this work. We also give some interesting examples of application on algebras and superalgebras

Retrospective analysis of therapeutic response obtained with enteral and parenteral iron in adults with iron deficiency anaemia

AbstractBackgroundFew studies compare the therapeutic efficacy of different iron deficiency anaemia treatments.AimEvaluate the therapeutic response of the most common iron preparations.Material and methodsRetrospective, observational-analytical study based on medical records from the Haematology Department, conducted from March to October 2014, including 121 adults with ferropenic anaemia and 3-month follow-up. Patients with comorbidities or pregnancy were excluded.Results85.8% were women (n=103) and 14% men (n=17), with a mean age of 42 (16–83) years. Seventy patients (58.3%) started with oral administration; the rest received intravenous iron. Efficacy was similar among all the iron preparations, with no significant differences (p>0.05). Iron sucrose was most effective in rapidly replenishing body iron stores.ConclusionsDespite comparable efficacy among treatments, ferrous fumarate had the lowest treatment failure and was the therapy of choice

Capacidad de realizar esprints repetidos en jugadores profesionales de fútbol vs. Fútbol sala

Objetivo: Investigar los cambios producidos ante acciones de esprines repetidos (20+20 metros con cambio de dirección ), el CMJ, la respuesta metabólica (lactato) , y la relación entre estas variables y la fuerza y resistencia en jugadores profesionales de fútbol y fútbol sala. Métodos: Jugadores profesionales (n=30, doce de fútbol sala y veinte de fútbol) completaron tres sesiones de evaluación; VO2max en tapiz rodante, el salto CMJ y la RM en sentadilla completa y finalmente, se realizó el test de RSA (6 x 40 (20+20)). Resultados: Se obtuvieron valores similares de fuerza en sentadilla, en CMJ, de LAC después de la prueba RSA y de VO2max ( 95,12 kg vs 94,73 kg ; 34,5 cm vs 35,9 cm ; 13,65 mmol vs 14,33 mmol ; 62,78 ml·kg·min-1 vs . 62,95 ml·kg·min-1 fútbol vs. fútbol sala, respectivamente). Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas cuando se analizó la pérdida de rendimiento en velocidad (total y entre los tres primeros y tres últimos bloques de esprines) y en salto (2,67% vs 4,4%**; 1,28% vs 2,1%*; 2,88% vs 6,1%**; 9,71% vs 14,3%* de fútbol vs. fútbol sala, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Ambos deportes presentan diferencias significativas en las pérdidas de rendimiento en velocidad y salto a pesar de tener valores similares de fuerza, de VO2max, de lactato tras RSA y de CMJ. Podría atribuirse a los esfuerzos propios de cada deporte y puede sugerir que debería incrementarse el volumen de entrenamiento orientado a la capacidad de realizar esfuerzos repetidos frente a otro tipo de objetivo como la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica, sobre todo a nivel profesional.To investigate the changes through repeated explosive effort sequences (20+20-m sprint with change of direction), jumping, metabolic response (lactate), as well as the relationship between these variables and fitness qualities (strength and endurance) in professional futsal and soccer players. Methods: Male players (n =30, Twelve futsal and twenty soccer players) completed three testing sessions. In the first session was measured VO2max on a motorized treadmill. In the second session was measured counter movement jump (CMJ) and full squat RM in Smith Machine. Finally, in the third session six repeated-explosive effort sequences (RES) was performed. Results: Similar values of lower limbs strength, CMJ height, LAC after RSA test and VO2max (95,12 vs. 94,73; 34,5 vs. 35,9; 13,65 vs. 14,33; 62,78 vs. 62,95 soccer vs. futsal respectively) and significant differences when are analysed the loss of performance in velocity (total and between three first and three last) and vertical jump height (2,67 vs. 4,4**; 1,28 vs. 2,1*; 2,88 vs. 6,1**; 9,71 vs. 14,3* soccer vs. futsal respectively). Conclusions: Professional futsal and soccer obtain significant differences in speed and vertical jump height (CMJ) loss despite having similar values in squat, oxygen consumption, lactate after RSA test and CMJ height. Issue that could be attributed to the characteristics of the sport. This suggests that the volume should be increased oriented ability to perform repeated sprint actions over other type of training aimed at improving aerobic capacity especially at professional level.peerReviewe

Lean Manufacturing Production Method using the Change Management Approach to Reduce Backorders at SMEs in the Footwear Industry in Peru

This article proposes a production method that aims to increase the manufacturing capacity of a footwear small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) to reduce backorders. Therefore, an assessment is carried out and delays in production processes, excess product transport time, defective products, and inefficient work methods are identified. This article proposes designing a Lean manufacturing method using the change management approach, whose methodology is composed of six phases. In phase 0, change management is carried out; in phase 1, the company's current situation is reviewed using the Value Stream Mapping (VSM); in phase 2, the work area is reorganized (implementing SLP and 5S); in phase 3, production is balanced (implementing Line Balancing); in phase 4, continual improvement is established using the Kaizen tool; and finally, in phase 5, the results are evaluated. Through validation, it was possible to confirm that Lean manufacturing tools along with change management increased order deliveries by 82%

Load that maximizes power output in countermovement jump

Introduction: One of the main problems faced by strength and conditioning coaches is the issue of how to objectively quantify and monitor the actual training load undertaken by athletes in order to maximize performance. It is well known that performance of explosive sports activities is largely determined by mechanical power. Objective: This study analysed the height at which maximal power output is generated and the corresponding load with which is achieved in a group of male-trained track and field athletes in the test of countermovement jump (CMJ) with extra loads (CMJEL). Methods: Fifty national level male athletes in sprinting and jumping performed a CMJ test with increasing loads up to a height of 16 cm. The relative load that maximized the mechanical power output (Pmax) was determined using a force platform and lineal encoder synchronization and estimating the power by peak power, average power and flight time in CMJ. Results: The load at which the power output no longer existed was at a height of 19.9 ± 2.35, referring to a 99.1 ± 1% of the maximum power output. The load that maximizes power output in all cases has been the load with which an athlete jump a height of approximately 20 cm. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of considering the height achieved in CMJ with extra load instead of power because maximum power is always attained with the same height. We advise for the preferential use of the height achieved in CMJEL test, since it seems to be a valid indicative of an individual's actual neuromuscular potential providing a valid information for coaches and trainers when assessing the performance status of our athletes and to quantify and monitor training loads, measuring only the height of the jump in the exercise of CMJEL.Actividad Física y Deport

Evaluation of hemodialysis vascular access involving multidisciplinary integration: Perspective from Latin America and Peru

The perspective of vascular access care in patients with end-stage renal disease has migrated from nephrology-centered or vascular surgery-centered care to multidisciplinary-focused patient-centered care. This new perspective should not only be theoretical but also have practical utility. A non-multidisciplinary focus can contribute to the low prevalence of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the population. Latin America has multiple health systems and the coordination of vascular access is heterogeneous. In Peru, there is a high prevalence of central venous catheter use with its associated complications, such as stenosis, thrombosis, infection, and recurrent hospitalizations in the context of fragmented care. However, in the last few years, there has been an effort to integrate the communication between vascular surgery, interventional radiology, and nephrology to improve vascular access care. In this review, we analyze the availability of care, the intervention, and the future directions from the experience of both perspectives

Square-wave voltammetric determination of primaquine in urine using a multi-walled carbon nanotube modified electrode

The electrochemical process involving primaquine was studied at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The GC/MWCNTs electrode promoted an intense oxidation peak for primaquine, improving signal when compared to the one observed using bare GC as electrode. Besides the increasing in active electrode area, the MWCNTs seemed to provide faster electron transfer. The linear analytical response for primaquine, in the concentration range from 0.1 to 5.0 μmol L−1, was achieved on a supporting electrolyte consisting of Britton-Robinson buffer (0.02 mol L−1; pH 7.00) and KCl (0.25 mol L−1). The quantitative assay using square-wave voltammetry was performed by successive additions of standard into the electrochemical cell, containing the sample, with instrumental limit of detection (LOD) of 7.3 μg L−1 (28 nmol L−1). A procedure involving liquid-liquid extraction and thin-layer chromatography provided selectivity and pre-concentration required for the determination of traces of primaquine in urine samples (LOD of the method of 146 ng L−1). Recoveries in urine samples were statistically similar to the one achieved by HPLC

Is Xenopus laevis introduction linked with Ranavirus incursion, persistence and spread in Chile?

Ranaviruses have been associated with amphibian, fish and reptile mortality events worldwide and with amphibian population declines in parts of Europe. Xenopus laevis is a widespread invasive amphibian species in Chile. Recently, Frog virus 3 (FV3), the type species of the Ranavirus genus, was detected in two wild populations of this frog near Santiago in Chile, however, the extent of ranavirus infection in this country remains unknown. To obtain more information about the origin of ranavirus in Chile, its distribution, species affected, and the role of invasive amphibians and freshwater fish in the epidemiology of ranavirus, a surveillance study comprising wild and farmed amphibians and wild fish over a large latitudinal gradient (2,500 km) was carried out in 2015–2017. In total, 1,752 amphibians and 496 fish were tested using a ranavirus-specific qPCR assay, and positive samples were analyzed for virus characterization through whole genome sequencing of viral DNA obtained from infected tissue. Ranavirus was detected at low viral loads in nine of 1,011 X. laevis from four populations in central Chile. No other amphibian or fish species tested were positive for ranavirus, suggesting ranavirus is not threatening native Chilean species yet. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ranavirus sequences showed 100% similarity with FV3. Our results show a restricted range of ranavirus infection in central Chile, coinciding with X. laevis presence, and suggest that FV3 may have entered the country through infected X. laevis, which appears to act as a competent reservoir host, and may contribute to the spread the virus locally as it invades new areas, and globally through the pet trade

La reedición de la discusión de la pena de muerte en América Latina

Desde la Antigüedad la pena de muerte es aplicada como castigo análogo a la acción cometida contra la vida y los credos religiosos. La religión había asimilado esta sanción como una forma de salvaguardar a los no pecadores, de aquellas personas consideradas como peligrosas para la fe. Su discusión es de larga data y las posiciones a favor y en contra, siempre se han hecho presentes. En América Latina, los altos índices de criminalidad llevan a que sectores sociales exijan se discuta sobre la necesidad de la aplicación de la pena capital, como forma de combatir la inseguridad, lo que desde lo teórico contrapone las teorías retributivas y utilitarias, así como la normativa internacional en materia de protección de derechos humanos.Since ancient times, death penalty has been applied as a punishment that deserves those who attempt against life and against religious beliefs. Religion had assimilated this sanction as a way to preserve it from sinners, people considered as dangerous for faith. This discussion is long-standing and the arguments for and against have always been present. In Latin America, the high crime rates lead social sectors to demand a new discussion about the need of apply a death penalty as a way to fight the climate of insecurity, position that contrast with retributive and utilitarian theories, as well as international law in human rights