D’un pied sur l’autre (1972-1975)

Dans les trois textes qui suivent, écrits entre 1972 et 1975, Steve Paxton, le pionnier du Contact Improvisation, découvre les principes de la forme qu’il invente. Le premier texte, publié en 1972 (l’année où le Contact est créé) est consacré à l’aventure du Grand Union. Paxton en expose la structure improvisationnelle et collective qui s’ouvre avec le Continuous Project Altered Daily (1969) d’Yvonne Rainer : retraversant les interrogations, les partitions et ses expériences à la première personne, le chorégraphe y dessine les contours des moyens inventés pour travailler ensemble. Le deuxième texte, consacré au Contact Improvisation et publié trois ans après le premier dans la même revue théâtrale (The Drama Review), fait état des perceptions, émotions et structures découvertes à l’occasion de cette nouvelle forme de danse. Le dernier texte enfin, écrit pour le programme d’un spectacle de Contact Improvisation donné à Rome en 1973, décrit en condensé l’ensemble des principes qui régissent cette pratique, au premier rang desquels celui-ci : « danser en solo, ça n’existe pas. »In these three texts, written between 1972 and 1975, Contact Improvisation pioneer Steve Paxton is discovering the principles of the form he has initiated. The first one, published in 1972 (the year when Contact was created) is dedicated to the adventure of the Grand Union. Paxton reveals the improvisational and collective structure of this dancers’ group initiated by Yvonne Rainer: going through the hesitations, the scores and his own first-person experiences, Paxton vividly portrays the way means to work together were discovered. The second text, published three years later in the same Drama Review, is presenting the perceptions, emotions, and improvisational structures that were unveiled through the discovery of the newly initiated form of Contact Improvisation. The third text, written as the program of a performance given in 1973 in Roma, gives a condensed description of the principles that reign over the practice of Contact Improvisation, first of which is the idea that “solo dancing does not exist.

CRICKET: Cryogenic Reservoir Inventory by Cost-Effective Kinetically Enhanced Technology

NASA PROGRAMMATIC CHALLENGE: Locate hidden water ice in the darkest, coldest places on the moon using dozens of simple, autonomous robots. CONCEPTUAL SOLUTION: Use multiple small, autonomous bots to search for hidden water ice in permanently shadowed regions of the surface of the moon. Bots will locate and tag hidden water ice for follow up missions.Technical Basis for proposed solution: use of emerging and maturing technologies - MEMS, Cubesats, Sensor nets, integrated devices will minimize cost risk and maximize return. Benefits: Cricket will enable human exploration through in-situ resource utilization: Cricket will demonstrate a distributed constellation to achieve a key NASA goal of novel uses of commercially available technologies. Cricket will reignite public interest in lunar exploration through a sustained human, and robotic, presence on the moon. Technical Approach: The cricket constellation has three members: the "queen"; the "hive" and the "cricket" foragers. The queen transports the hive an its crickets to the moon. The hive lands on the surface and disperses the crickets (there may be more than one species of cricket). The crickets then use the hive as a communications and recharging hub. Each cricket hosts algorithms that allow it to explore its surroundings and monitor its power state - something like a lunar Roomba - and return for recharging. If they are lost due to power or surface condition problems, replacements can carry out the hive tasks. The two most successful types of bio-inspired algorithms (BIAs) are evolutionary algorithms and swarm-based algorithms which are inspired by the natural evolution and collective behavior in animals.The evolution of the idea is summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1. NIAC context: This system integrates key elements from other NIAC efforts; it uses them and extends them into a meaningful whol

Multi-instrument observations of the effects of a solar wind pressure pulse on the high latitude ionosphere : a detailed case study of a geomagnetic sudden impulse

Funding: ARF was supported by an STFC studentship, Science Foundation Ireland Grant 18/FRL/6199, and an Irish Research Council Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship GOIPD/2022/782. ML, TKY, and SEM acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UKRI, grant no. ST/W00089X/1. JAC is supported by Royal Society grant DHF\R1\211068. HKS was supported by an STFC studentship. TE was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2019-155), the University of Leicester and the University of Glasgow. SJW was supported by NERC studentship NE/L002493/1. MKJ was supported by STFC Grant ST/W00089X/1. JML was supported by the Irish Research Council. LJP was supported by AFOSR MURI Award 26-0201-51-62.The effects of a solar wind pressure pulse on the terrestrial magnetosphere have been observed in detail across multiple datasets. The communication of these effects into the magnetosphere is known as a positive geomagnetic sudden impulse (+SI), and are observed across latitudes and different phenomena to characterise the propagation of +SI effects through the magnetosphere. A superposition of Alfvén and compressional propagation modes are observed in magnetometer signatures, with the dominance of these signatures varying with latitude. For the first time, collocated lobe reconnection convection vortices and region 0 field aligned currents are observed preceding the +SI onset, and an enhancement of these signatures is observed as a result of +SI effects. Finally, cusp auroral emission is observed collocated with the convection and current signatures. For the first time, simultaneous observations across multiple phenomena are presented to confirm models of +SI propagation presented previously.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Consistent detection of Trypanosoma brucei but not T. congolense DNA in faeces of experimentally infected cattle

Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a significant food security and economic burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Current AAT empirical and immunodiagnostic surveillance tools suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity, with blood sampling requiring animal restraint and trained personnel. Faecal sampling could increase sampling accessibility, scale, and species range. Therefore, this study assessed feasibility of detecting Trypanosoma DNA in the faeces of experimentally-infected cattle. Holstein–Friesian calves were inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei brucei AnTat 1.1 (n = 5) or T. congolense Savannah IL3000 (n = 6) in separate studies. Faecal and blood samples were collected concurrently over 10 weeks and screened using species-specific PCR and qPCR assays. T. brucei DNA was detected in 85% of post-inoculation (PI) faecal samples (n = 114/134) by qPCR and 50% by PCR between 4 and 66 days PI. However, T. congolense DNA was detected in just 3.4% (n = 5/145) of PI faecal samples by qPCR, and none by PCR. These results confirm the ability to consistently detect T. brucei DNA, but not T. congolense DNA, in infected cattle faeces. This disparity may derive from the differences in Trypanosoma species tissue distribution and/or extravasation. Therefore, whilst faeces are a promising substrate to screen for T. brucei infection, blood sampling is required to detect T. congolense in cattle

A quantitative method for the study of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection.

M. tuberculosis and HIV-1 syndemic interactions are a major global health concern. Despite the clinical significance of co-infection, our understanding of the cellular pathophysiology and the therapeutic pharmacodynamic impact of co-infection is limited. Here, we use single-round infectious HIV-1 pseudo-typed viral-particles expressing GFP alongside M. tuberculosis expressing mCherry to study pathogenesis and treatment. We report that HIV-1 infection inhibited intracellular replication of M. tuberculosis and demonstrate the therapeutic activity of antiviral treatment (efavirenz) and antimicrobial treatment (rifampicin). The described method could be applied for detailed mechanistic studies to inform the development of novel treatment strategies

A Quantitative Method for the Study of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) syndemic interactions are a major global health concern. Despite the clinical significance of coinfection, our understanding of the cellular pathophysiology and the therapeutic pharmacodynamic impact of coinfection is limited. Here, we use single-round infectious HIV-1 pseudotyped viral particles expressing green fluorescent protein alongside M. tuberculosis expressing mCherry to study pathogenesis and treatment. We report that HIV-1 infection inhibited intracellular replication of M. tuberculosis and demonstrate the therapeutic activity of antiviral treatment (efavirenz) and antimicrobial treatment (rifampicin). The described method could be applied for detailed mechanistic studies to inform the development of novel treatment strategies

Low Allele Frequency of MLH1 D132H in American Colorectal and Endometrial Cancer Patients

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer is caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, predominantly MLH1 and MSH2 . Classic MLH1 mutations cause an approximately 20-fold increase in colorectal cancer susceptibility. Recently, we identified a hypomorphic allele, MLH1 D132H , which impairs, but does not completely eliminate the function of MLH1 in tumor suppression. MLH1 D132H confers an approximately fivefold increase in colorectal cancer susceptibility and was first described in a cohort of Israeli colorectal cancer patients, with an estimated allele frequency of 1.3 percent. Because MLH1 D132H has only recently been described, the ethnic distribution of this risk allele is not well understood. This study was undertaken to determine both the frequencies of this risk allele in ethnic groups outside of Israel and whether families harboring this mutation have susceptibility to extracolonic cancers in the hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer spectrum.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41396/1/10350_2005_Article_123.pd

Delivering stepped care: an analysis of implementation in routine practice

addresses: Mood Disorders Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK. [email protected]: PMCID: PMC3283464types: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't© 2012 Richards et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.In the United Kingdom, clinical guidelines recommend that services for depression and anxiety should be structured around a stepped care model, where patients receive treatment at different 'steps,' with the intensity of treatment (i.e., the amount and type) increasing at each step if they fail to benefit at previous steps. There are very limited data available on the implementation of this model, particularly on the intensity of psychological treatment at each step. Our objective was to describe patient pathways through stepped care services and the impact of this on patient flow and management

A cross-sectional survey to establish Theileria parva prevalence and vector control at the wildlife-livestock interface, Northern Tanzania

East Coast fever (ECF) in cattle is caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva, transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. In cattle ECF is often fatal, causing annual losses >$500 million across its range. The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is the natural host for T. parva but the transmission dynamics between wild hosts and livestock are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. parva in cattle, in a 30 km zone adjacent to the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania where livestock and buffalo co-exist, and to ascertain how livestock keepers controlled ECF and other vector-borne diseases of cattle. A randomised cross-sectional cattle survey and questionnaire of vector control practices were conducted. Blood samples were collected from 770 cattle from 48 herds and analysed by PCR to establish T. parva prevalence. Half body tick counts were recorded on every animal. Farmers were interviewed (n = 120; including the blood sampled herds) using a standardised questionnaire to obtain data on vector control practices. Local workshops were held to discuss findings and validate results. Overall prevalence of T. parva in cattle was 5.07% (CI: 3.70−7.00%), with significantly higher prevalence in older animals. Although all farmers reported seeing ticks on their cattle, tick counts were very low with 78% cattle having none. Questionnaire analysis indicated significant acaricide use with 79% and 41% of farmers reporting spraying or dipping with cypermethrin-based insecticides, respectively. Some farmers reported very frequent spraying, as often as every four days. However, doses per animal were often insufficient. These data indicate high levels of acaricide use, which may be responsible for the low observed tick burdens and low ECF prevalence. This vector control is farmer-led and aimed at both tick- and tsetse-borne diseases of livestock. The levels of acaricide use raise concerns regarding sustainability; resistance development is a risk, particularly in ticks. Integrating vaccination as part of this community-based disease control may alleviate acaricide dependence, but increased understanding of the Theileria strains circulating in wildlife-livestock interface areas is required to establish the potential benefits of vaccination