The possibilities of increasing lignan content in food

Lignans are bioactive substances which belong to polyphenols. This compounds can be found in plants including coniferous trees. Lignans are secondary plant metabolites with wide range of biological effects, such as antimicrobial, antivirus or anticancer. They also serve as antioxidants and are naturally occurring compounds which are found in food rich in fibre. There are more than 200 lignans that originate from more than 70 plant families. They can be found in all parts of the plant, mainly in seeds. Almost 37% of total lignan intake in human diet comes from drinking tea and coffee. Fruit and vegetable contain only about 1% of lignans, but they are also significant source of lignans because they are consumed in higher amounts than seeds. 7-hydroxymatairesinol is the main representative of lignans. It is white powder with great health benefits and it is present in the knots of coniferous trees, especially in knots of spruce. Lignans were extracted from the knots and used for fortifying fruit and vegetable spreads. Subsequently, the fortified products became subject to sensory analysis, their antioxidant capacity was measured by the FRAP method, total polyphenols content was found and lignan content determined using the HPLC method. The aim was enriching commonly consumed foods by healthy lignans to avoid negative effects on the sensory quality of these products by the bitter taste of the lignan extract. Of the tested foods, plum jam and red pepper paste are the best options as they best block the bitter taste of lignans. There was a positive increase in antioxidant capacity in food products fortified by the lignan extract. For plum jam, strawberry jam, strawberry spread and red pepper paste, the more lignans were added to the products, the greater was the level of antioxidant capacity. The highest antioxidant capacity was reached in samples with the added amount of 340 mg of lignan per kg of product. As with the antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols content is dependent on the quantity of added lignans. Plum jam is the only exception, for which there was no statistically evident difference between the doses of 170 mg and 340 mg of lignans per kg. The values of lignans measured for samples with added 340 mg of lignans per kg range from 313 mg to 339 mg. For samples with addition of 170 mg of lignans per kg the measured values range from 129 to 164 mg per kg. Although lignans are beneficial for health, they are not acceptable to deteriorate taste of the product. The samples containing the highest dose of lignans, i.e. 340 mg of lignans per kg, were rated as the least acceptable by consumer. Evaluated as the most suitable in this regard was plum jam with a dose of 170 mg of lignans per kg of product where lignans were not found to possess a sensory effect on the acceptability of the product.

XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách

Title in English: 25th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences: Conference proceedings The conference proceedings consists of papers presented at the 25th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences that was organized by Department of Regional Economics and Administration FEA MU. It contains 57 articles arranged by topic. The individual articles deal with e.g. socioeconomic disparities among regions, regional policy, territory attractiveness, tourism, or regional public administration

Need analyses of todays and former clients of house "Fatima": joint research mapping the natural world of people with spinal cord injury

Sociální práce v ČR se od roku 1989 mohutně rozvíjí a není důvodu domnívat se, že by tomu mělo být v příštích letech jinak. Uvolnění podmínek pro rozvoj sociální práce u nás zapříčiněné pádem takzvaného "komunistického režimu" dalo vzniknout nepřebernému množství poskytovatelů sociálních služeb postavených na různých filosofických, etických a politických základech, poskytujících množství různých služeb rozdílné kvality. Tento stav není zapříčiněn pouze roztříštěností současných věd o člověku, ze kterých vychází teorie sociální práce, jak by se mohlo na první pohled zdát, ale i dlouhodobou neexistencí standardu kvality poskytovaných služeb a z toho vyplývající nemožnosti tuto kvalitu posuzovat a kontrolovat. Ačkoli se již řadu let věnuje této otázce zájem, jehož výsledkem jsou Standardy kvality sociálních služeb, resp. jejich mírná modifikace, která je součástí zákonu č. 108/2006 o sociálních službách, nejsou ještě zdaleka principy v nich obsažené poskytovateli chápány (neřku- li naplňovány) zcela jasně a v dostatečné míře. Výrazným fenoménem české sociální práce působícím na její dnešní podobu je také určitá diskontinuita jejího vývoje způsobená čtyřiceti lety vlády KSČ v naší zemi. Důsledkem "přetržení" vývoje je i to, že nám v mnohých oblastech chybí hlubší zkušenosti. Práce s lidmi po úrazu míchy je také..

Experimentální vyhodnocení vlnitosti povrchu obrobeného WEDM

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) an unconventional machining technology which has become indispensable in many industries. The typical morphology of a surface machined using the electrical discharge technology is characterized with a large number of craters caused by electro-spark discharges produced during the machining process. The study deals with an evaluation of the machine parameter setting on the profile parameters of surface waviness on samples made of two metal materials Al 99.5 and Ti-6Al-4V. Attention was also paid to an evaluation of the surface morphology using 3D colour filtered and non-filtered images.Elektroerozivní drátové řezání (WEDM) je nekonvenční technologie obrábění, která se stala v mnoha oblastech průmyslu nepostradatelnou. Typická morfologie elektroerozivně obrobeného povrchu se vyznačuje velkým množstvím kráterů způsobených elektrojiskrovými výboji vznikajících v průběhu řezného procesu. Studie se zabývá vyhodnocením vlivu nastavení parametrů stroje na profilových parametrech vlnitosti povrchu na vzorcích vyrobených ze dvou kovových materiálů Al 99.5 a Ti-6Al-4V. Pozornost byla věnována i vyhodnocení morfologie povrchu pomocí 3D barevně filtrovaných i nefiltrovaných snímků

Vliv energetických částic na pulzní magnetronové naprašování tvrdých nanokrystalických vrstev MBCN (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) s vysokou elektrickou vodivostí

Nanokrystalické vrstvy MBCN (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) byly deponovány na Si substráty pomocí pulzního magnetronového rozprašování terče B4C-M. Teplota substrátů na plovoucím potenciálu byla 450 °C. Tlak plynné směsi 95 % Ar + 5 % N2 byl 0,5 Pa pro TiBCN a ZrBCN, pro HfBCN musel být zvýšen na 1,7 Pa kvůli snížení kompresního pnutí. Hmotnostní spektroskopie s energiovým rozlišením umožnila propojit energii Ar+ iontů bombardujících rostoucí vrstvy s vysokými kladnými překmity napětí následujícími po negativních pulzech. Monte-Carlo simulace umožnily odhadnout energii a tok rozprášených atomů M a odražených atomů Ar na substrát. Ukázali jsme, že energie a tok odražených atomů Ar silně rostou s hmotností terčových atomů M. Vrstvy MBCN obsahující 41–46 at. % M, 25–31 at. % B, 7–10 at. % C a 14–22 at. % N mají vysokou tvrdost (18–37 GPa), vysokou elastickou vratnost (69–85 %), vysoký poměr H/E* (0,10–0,14) a nízkou elektrickou rezistivitu (1,7–2,7 µΩm) při nízkém kompresním pnutí (pod 0,8 GPa).Nanocrystalline MBCN (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) films were deposited onto Si substrates using pulsed magnetron co-sputtering of a single B4C-M target. The substrate temperature was adjusted to 450 °C during the depositions on the substrates at a floating potential. The total pressure of 95% Ar + 5% N2 gas mixture was 0.5 Pa for TiBCN and ZrBCN, but it had to be increased up to 1.7 Pa for HfBCN to decrease very high compressive stress in the films. Energy-resolved mass spectroscopy was used to correlate the energy of Ar+ ions bombarding the growing films with high positive voltage overshoots after the negative voltage pulses. Monte-Carlo simulations were carried out to estimate the energy and flux of sputtered M atoms and backscattered Ar atoms at the substrate. It was found that the energy and flux of the backscattered Ar atoms increase significantly with the mass of the M atoms in the target. The MBCN films with 41–46 at.% of M, 25–31 at.% of B, 7–10 at.% of C and 14–22 at.% of N exhibit a high hardness (18–37 GPa), high elastic recovery (69–85%), high H/E* ratio (0.10–0.14) and low electrical resistivity (1.7–2.7 µΩm) at a low internal stress (less than 0.8 GPa)

Comparison of modern and traditional methods of soilsorption complex measurement : the basis of long -term studies and modelling

This paper presents the correlations between two different analytical methods of assessing soil nutrient contents. Soil nutrient content measurements measured using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS ) method, which uses barium chloride extraction, were compared with those of the now-unused Gedroiz method, which uses ammonium chloride extraction (calcium by titration, magnesium, potassium and sodium by weighing). Natural forest soils from the Ukrainian Carpathians at the localities of Javorník and Pop Ivan were used. Despite the risk of analysis errors during the complicated analytical procedure, the results showed a high level of correlation between different nutrient content measurements across the whole soil profile. This allows concentration values given in different studies to be linearly recalculated on results of modern method. In this way, results can be used to study soil’s chemical changes over time from the soil samples that were analysed in the past using labour-intensive and time-consuming methods with a higher risk of analytic error

Quantitative Risk Assessment of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Growth during the Warming of Thawed Pasteurized Human Banked Milk Using a Predictive Mathematical Model

Bacillus cereus is relatively resistant to pasteurization. We assessed the risk of B. cereus growth during warming and subsequent storage of pasteurized banked milk (PBM) in the warmed state using a predictive mathematical model. Holder pasteurization followed by storage below −18 °C was used. Temperature maps, water activity values, and B. cereus growth in artificially inoculated PBM were obtained during a simulation of manipulation of PBM after its release from a Human Milk Bank. As a real risk level, we chose a B. cereus concentration of 100 CFU/mL; the risk was assessed for three cases: 1. For an immediate post-pasteurization B. cereus concentration below 1 CFU/mL (level of detection); 2. For a B. cereus concentration of 10 CFU/mL, which is allowed in some countries; 3. For a B. cereus concentration of 50 CFU/mL, which is approved for milk formulas. In the first and second cases, no risk was detected after 1 h of storage in the warmed state, while after 2 h of storage, B. cereus concentrations of 102 CFU/mL were occasionally encountered. In the third case, exceeding the B. cereus concentration of 102 CFU/mL could be regularly expected after 2 h of storage. Based on these results, we recommend that post-pasteurization bacteriological analysis be performed as recommended by the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) and using warmed PBM within 1 h after warming (no exceptions)

Bacillus cereus as a Major Cause of Discarded Pasteurized Human Banked Milk: A Single Human Milk Bank Experience

A systematic study, performed from 2017&ndash;2020 looked at the rate of positive post-pasteurization B. cereus findings, the quantity of B. cereus in pasteurized banked human milk (PBM), and the rate of B. cereus toxicogenic isolates from PBM. During the study period, 6815.71 L (30,943 tested bottles) of PBM were tested, with an average amount per year of 1703.93 L (7736 tested bottles). The PBM discard rate per year due to bacterial contamination varied between 8.7&ndash;10.0% and contamination with B. cereus was the most frequent reason. The total number of B. cereus positive tests was 2739 and the proportion of its positivity from all positive tests was between 56.7&ndash;66.6%. The prevalence of B. cereus positive tests rose significantly in the summer months. The production of enterotoxin was found in 3 of the 20 tested samples (15.0%). The B. cereus CFU-quantities in the PBM were below 10 CFU/mL in 80% of cases (16 of 20 samples tested). The quantitative data can be used in the risk assessment of cold storage of PBM at temperatures above zero and manipulation of PBM prior to its administration