29 research outputs found
Maintenance and breeding of Thrichomys (Trouessart, 1880) (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in captivity
South American histricognath rodents Thrichomys apereoides laurentius and Thrichomys pachyurus are natural hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, agent of Chagas disease. We established breeding colonies of these species to serve as experimental models in various parasitological studies. Both species of Thrichomys have all the requirements necessary to become excellent laboratory models: they can be easily maintained in the standard laboratory conditions and breed throughout the year and they do not have any special dietary demands and can be fed by standard food pellets designed for laboratory mice. Both species produce precocious offspring that have their eyes and ears open, teeth erupted, fur well developed, and can eat solid food in the first week of life. T. a. laurentius has larger litter sizes and lower body masses at birth and weaning than T. pachyurus. Moreover, females of T. a. laurentius reach puberty earlier and with lower body mass than T. pachyurus
Susceptibility of Nectomys rattus (Pelzen, 1883) to experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907): a potential reservoir in Brazil
Brazilian legislation on genetic heritage harms biodiversity convention goals and threatens basic biology research and education
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
A New Acanthocephalan Species (Archiacanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from the Crab-Eating Fox ( Cerdocyon thous
Colonization process of the Brazilian common vesper mouse, Calomys expulsus (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae): a biogeographic hypothesis
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Previous issue date: 2011Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto Biociências. Departamento de Zoologia. Laboratório de Mastozoologia. Ri de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Riverine barriers have been associated to genetic diversification and speciation of several taxa. The Rio São Francisco is one of the largest rivers in South America, representing the third largest river basin in Brazil and operating as a geographic barrier to gene flow of different taxa. To evaluate the influence of the Rio São Francisco in the speciation of small rodents, we investigated the genetic structure of Calomys expulsus with phylogenetic and network analyses of cytochrome b DNA. Our results suggested that C. expulsus can be divided into 3 subpopulations, 2 on the left and another one on the right bank of this river. The time of divergence of these subpopulations, using a Bayesian framework, suggested colonization from the south to the north/northeast. Spatial analysis using a clustering method and the Monmonier's algorithm suggested that the Rio São Francisco is a biogeographic barrier to gene flow and indicated that this river may play a role in the incipient speciation process of these subpopulations
Serological Studies in Nectomys squamipes Demonstrate the Low Sensitivity of Coprological Exams for the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis
"O Romancista e o Engenho: José Lins do Rego e o regionalismo nordestino dos anos 1920 e 1930", de Mariana Ghaguri
An ecological field study of the water-rat Nectomys squamipes as a wild reservoir indicator of Schistosoma mansoni transmission in an endemic area
Small mammals are found naturally infected by Schistosoma mansoni,
becoming a confounding factor for control programs of schistosomiasis
in endemic areas. The aims of this study were: to investigate the
infection rates by S. mansoni on the water-rat Nectomys squamipes
during four years in endemic areas of Sumidouro, state of Rio de
Janeiro, using mark-recapture technique; to compare two diagnostic
methods for schistosomiasis; and to evaluate the effects of the
chemotherapy in the human infected population on the rodent infection
rates. The rodent infection rates of S. mansoni increased when rodent
population sizes were lower. Coprology and serology results presented
the same trends along time and were correlated. Serology could detect
recent infection, including the false negatives in the coprology. The
chemotherapy in the humans could not interrupt the rodent infection.
Rodents can increase the schistosomiaisis transmission where it already
exists, they probably maintain the transmission cycle in the nature and
can be considered as biological indicators of the transmission sites of
this parasite since they are highly susceptible to infection. The
water-rats may present different levels of importance in the
transmission dynamics of S. mansoni infection cycle for each area, and
can be considered important wild-reservoirs of this human disease