Desenvolvimento comparado de três cultivares de caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

An experiment was carried out to establish the comparative growth of three Vigna unguiculata cultivars throught determination of leaf area, dry matter partition and growth analysis. Leaf area established throught the method of relationship between total dry matter of leaves and dry matter of discs with knowed area, and estimated by the product of length x maximum width of leaf x 1.75did not present differences. Cultivar Epace-1 showed higher leaf area duration in relation to Epace-6 and Epace-8 cowpea cultivars. Vigna unguiculata presented an initial exponential phase of dry matter accumulation and a sygmoid phase post-maturity. Accumulation of biomass in the reproductive part of cowpea 'Epace-1' was later and more effective in relation to Epace-6 and Epace-8 cultivars. Cultivar Epace-1 presented later development in relation to 'Epace.6' and 'Epace-8'. Epace-6 cultivar of cowpea showed higher growth on the second part of the plant life cycle in relation to Epace-8 and Epace-1 cultivars. Vigna unguiculata plants presented higher net assimilation rate and relative growth rate from 30 to 50 days after emergence. Cowpea snowed higher leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio from 28 to 42 days after emergence.Realizou-se determinação comparada da área foliar, da partição de biomassa e da análise de crescimento em três cultivares de Vigna unguiculata (Epace-1, Epace-6 e Epace-8) mantidos em vasos sob condições naturais. Ométodo de estabelecimento da área foliar baseado na correlação entre o peso da matéria seca foliar com o peso de discos foliares de área conhecida mostrou-se equivalente a estimativa (c.1) 1,75, referente aos folíolos terminais. O cultivar Epace-1 apresentou maior número de folhas, maiores incrementos na área foliar e maior duração de área foliar em relação aos cultivares Epace-6 e Epace-8. Vigna unguiculata mostrou uma fase exponencial inicial no acúmulo de matéria seca e uma tendência sigmoidal após a maturidade. O acúmulo de biomassa na parte reprodutiva do caupi iniciou-se mais tardiamente no cultivar Epace-1, sendo que este cultivar alocou maior proporção de carboidratos no sistema radicular com relação aos cultivares Epace-6 e Epace-8. Verificou-se que o cultivar Epace-1 apresentou-se mais tardio do que os cultivares Epace-6 e Epace-8. O cultivar Epace-6 apresentou um incremento no crescimento na segunda fase do ciclo de desenvolvimento com relação aos cultivares Epace-8 e Epace-1. As plantas de caupi atingiram os valores mais altos de taxa assimilatória líquida e de taxa de crescimento relativo de 30 a 50 dias após a emergência. Vigna unguiculata apresentou incrementos na razão de área foliar e na razão de peso foliar de 28 a 42 dias após a emergência

Cellular, Molecular and Genotoxic Effects of Digested Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials

Abstract publicado em: Environ Mol Mutagen. 2022 Aug;63(Suppl 1):88. (Abstracts from the 13th International Conference on Environmental Mutagens and 53rd Annual Meeting of the Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/10982280/2022/63/S1Human exposure to titanium dioxide nanomaterials(TiO2NMs) occurs particularly by ingestion, due to food/food contact materials and consumer products. However, the possibility of adverse effects in gastrointestinal tract is unclear. Aiming to study the impact of digestion on the NMs’ properties and their cellular/molecular effects, two human intestinal cell lines were used, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12. After exposure to TiO2NMs(NM-102, NM-103, NM-105), undigested or subjected to standardized static in vitro digestion method (mimicking human digestion), the cells were analyzed for toxicity, genotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, NM uptake and intestinal translocation. We showed that in vitro digestion of TiO2NMs may increase their toxicity and DNA-damaging effect, depending on the NM, more relevant for the rutile/anatase NM-105, possibly due to its smaller hydrodynamic size in the cellular medium. Effects on chromosomal integrity were seen in HT29-MTX-E12 cells, for all tested TiO2NMs, especially after digestion. Internalization into early endosomes was confirmed for NM-103 and NM-105, before and after digestion, in monolayers of both cell lines, and at the apical membrane of polarized Caco-2 cells. The internalized NMs accumulated in late endosomes/multivesicular bodies, partially transversing the basolateral membrane of polarized Caco-2 cells without changing transepithelial electrical resistance or epithelial marker abundance. These results suggest that part of the TiO2NMs can be transcytosed through colonic epithelia without disrupting intestinal barrier integrity. Overall, the biological outcomes from TiO2NMs interaction with intestinal cells were more pronounced after digestion, highlighting its relevance in the hazard assessment of ingested NMs.Funded by FCT/MCTES through the projects: PTDC/SAU-PUB/29481/2017, UIDB/00009/2020; UIDP/00009/2020;UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/ 0094/2020; CEECIND/03143/2017 (LG), 2020.07168.BD (NV).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Data on antigen recognition hindrance by antibodies covalently immobilized to Protein G magnetic beads by dimethyl pimelimidate (DMP) cross-linking

The data presented herein is related to the article entitled ''Trypanosoma cruzi immunoproteome: calpain-like CAP5.5 differentially detected throughout distinct stages of human Chagas disease cardiomyopathy'' [1]. Electrophoretic analyses under denaturing and reducing conditions indicate that covalent immobilization of human IgG to Protein G magnetic beads by cross-linking with 50 mM dimethyl pimelimidate hinders the recognition of T. cruzi antigens in immunoprecipitation assays

Formação de população base para seleção recorrente em maracujazeiro-amarelo com uso de índices de seleção

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar índices de seleção para a identificação de parentais, para uso na seleção recorrente de maracujazeiro-amarelo. Foram avaliados 43 acessos quanto a 18 características agronômicas, entre as quais a produtividade, a massa de frutos, o teor de sólidos solúveis, o rendimento de polpa e a resistência a doenças foram consideradas as principais. A seleção direta, o índice de seleção distância genótipo-ideótipo, Smith & Hazel e soma de postos de Mulamba & Mock foram as estratégias de seleção avaliadas. As médias da maioria das características principais e seus valores de herdabilidade e amplitude indicaram a possibilidade de se obterem ganhos genéticos pela seleção. Altos ganhos genéticos foram obtidos com a seleção direta, porém com perdas indesejáveis em outras características importantes. Foi possível obter ganhos preditos de forma equilibrada, para as 18 características, com uso da soma de postos e do desvio-padrão genético como peso econômico. Os ganhos genéticos variaram de 2,47 a 10,33%, quanto ao rendimento de polpa e à produtividade, respectivamente, e houve redução da severidade da maioria das doenças avaliadas. A aplicação dos índices de seleção, para a escolha de parentais de ampla base genética, é uma alternativa viável mesmo com a presença de correlações indesejáveis

Genetic structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations estimated by RAPD Estrutura genética de populações de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum) estimada por RAPD

Annual ryegrass is a temperate climate annual foraging grass, grown mostly in the South of Brazil, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic diversity, both within and among the populations cultivated. This knowledge is of fundamental importance for developing breeding and conservation strategies. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of four populations of annual ryegrass. Three of the populations were located in Rio Grande do Sul and the fourth in Uruguay. RAPD markers were used to study the genetic diversity and structure of these populations. Analysis of 375 individuals sampled from the populations, using six RAPD primers, generated a total of 82 amplified bands. They included 73 polymorphic bands (89,02%). The value of the total genetic diversity index obtained, <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/sa/v61n4/22157s1.gif">(0,71) was high, indicating the presence of wide genetic diversity in the four populations. Genetic structure analysis revealed that 98% of total diversity is intrapopulational, whereas interpopulational genetic diversity was only 2%. These results suggest that before these populations separated, they had gone through a period of gene exchange and, even after the separation event, gene frequency stayed at levels similar to the original levels, with no differential selection for these genes in the different cultivation areas.<br>O azevém anual é a gramínea anual forrageira de clima temperado de maior utilização no sul do Brasil, particularmente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Apesar de toda a importância que a espécie apresenta, pouco se conhece a respeito da diversidade genética presente entre e dentro das populações cultivadas. Este conhecimento é de fundamental importância para o estabelecimento das estratégias de melhoramento genético e de conservação destes materiais. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a diversidade genética e a estrutura genética de quatro populações de azevém anual, sendo três populações do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e uma do Uruguai. O nível de diversidade e a estrutura genética destas populações foram estudados com marcadores RAPD. A análise de 375 indivíduos amostrados nas populações, com seis iniciadores, gerou um total de 82 bandas que foram utilizados nas análises, dentre as quais 73 (89,02%) foram polimórficas. O valor do índice de diversidade genética total obtido, <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/sa/v61n4/22157s1.gif">(0,71) foi elevado evidenciando a presença de uma grande diversidade genética nas quatro populações. A análise da estrutura genética revelou que 98% da diversidade total esta contida dentro das populações, enquanto que a diversidade genética entre as populações representou somente 2%. Sugere-se que antes da separação destas populações, as mesmas tenham passado por um período de troca de genes e que mesmo após o evento de separação elas mantiveram a freqüência destes em níveis semelhantes aos originais, não tendo ocorrido uma seleção diferencial destes genes nos locais de cultivo

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora