44 research outputs found

    Mapping of a Leishmania major gene/locus that confers pentamidine resistance by deletion and insertion of transposable element

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    Pentamidine (PEN) is an alternative compound to treat antimony-resistant leishmaniasis patients, which cellular target remains unclear. One approach to the identification of prospective targets is to identify genes able to mediate PEN resistance following overexpression. Starting from a genomic library of transfected parasites bearing a multicopy episomal cosmid vector containing wild-type Leishmania major DNA, we isolated one locus capable to render PEN resistance to wild type cells after DNA transfection. In order to map this Leishmania locus, cosmid insert was deleted by two successive sets of partial digestion with restriction enzymes, followed by transfection into wild type cells, overexpression, induction and functional tests in the presence of PEN. To determine the Leishmania gene related to PEN resistance, nucleotide sequencing experiments were done through insertion of the transposon Mariner element of Drosophila melanogaster (mosK) into the deleted insert to work as primer island. Using general molecular techniques, we described here this method that permits a quickly identification of a functional gene facilitating nucleotide sequence experiments from large DNA fragments. Followed experiments revealed the presence of a P-Glycoprotein gene in this locus which role in Leishmania metabolism has now been analyzed.A Pentamidina (PEN) Ă© um composto alternativo para o tratamento de pacientes com leishmaniose que apresentam resistĂȘncia ao antimĂŽnio, cujo alvo celular continua incerto. Uma abordagem para se identificar provĂĄveis alvos seria a identificação e super-expressĂŁo de genes capazes de mediar resistĂȘncia a PEN. A partir de uma genoteca construĂ­da com o DNA de Leishmania major em um vetor - cosmĂ­dio que se desenvolve tanto em bactĂ©rias como nas cĂ©lulas do parasita, isolamos um locus que apĂłs transfecção Ă© capaz de produzir resistĂȘncia a PEN Ă s cĂ©lulas do parasita. Almejando o mapeamento desse locus de leishmania, o inserto clonado nesse cosmĂ­dio foi deletado atravĂ©s de duas digestĂ”es parciais sucessivas com enzimas de restrição, seguida de transfecção em cĂ©lulas selvagens, super-expressĂŁo gĂȘnica, indução e testes funcionais na presença de PEN. Para determinar o gene de Leishmania relacionado com a resistĂȘncia a PEN, o seqĂŒenciamento de nucleotĂ­deos foi executado apĂłs inserção de elementos transposicionais de Drosophila melanogaster no interior do inserto deletado para atuar como 'ilhas de iniciadores'. Descrevemos aqui o mapeamento desse locus, apĂłs a inserção transposicional, que alĂ©m de facilitar o seqĂŒenciamento de nucleotĂ­deos de grandes fragmentos de DNA, permite uma rĂĄpida identificação do gene relacionado com esse fenĂłtipo. Experimentos posteriores revelaram neste locus a presença do gene de uma GlicoproteĂ­na-P de membrana, cujo papel no metabolismo na Leishmania estĂĄ sendo analisado

    Aplicacao do kDNA-PCR para diagnostico de rotina de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em um hospital de referencia

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    SUMMARY This study evaluated the applicability of kDNA-PCR as a prospective routine diagnosis method for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in patients from the Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas (IIER), a reference center for infectious diseases in São Paulo - SP, Brazil. The kDNA-PCR method detected Leishmania DNA in 87.5% (112/128) of the clinically suspected ATL patients, while the traditional methods demonstrated the following percentages of positivity: 62.8% (49/78) for the Montenegro skin test, 61.8% (47/76) for direct investigation, and 19.3% (22/114) for in vitro culture. The molecular method was able to confirm the disease in samples considered negative or inconclusive by traditional laboratory methods, contributing to the final clinical diagnosis and therapy of ATL in this hospital. Thus, we strongly recommend the inclusion of kDNA-PCR amplification as an alternative diagnostic method for ATL, suggesting a new algorithm routine to be followed to help the diagnosis and treatment of ATL in IIER.RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a aplicabilidade do kDNA-PCR como método de rotina para diagnóstico de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (ATL) no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas (IIER), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. O método kDNA-PCR detectou DNA de Leishmania em 87,5% (112/128) dos pacientes com suspeita de ter leishmaniose e, os métodos tradicionais apresentaram as seguintes porcentagens de positividade: 62,8% (49/78) para o teste de Montenegro, 61,8% (47/76) para a pesquisa direta e 19,3% (22/114) para cultura in vitro. O método molecular confirmou a doença em amostras negativas ou inconclusivas pelos métodos laboratoriais tradicionais e, mostrou-se capaz de auxiliar na identificação de infecçÔes causadas pela espécie Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. Além disso, a revisão dos prontuårios médicos confirmou a importùncia do método PCR-RFLP no diagnóstico final de ATL, prognóstico e escolha do tratamento. Assim, recomendamos a inclusão do PCR como método diagnóstico de ATL na rotina hospitalar, e sugerimos um fluxograma para solicitação de exames laboratoriais

    MarinEye - A tool for marine monitoring

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    This work presents an autonomous system for marine integrated physical-chemical and biological monitoring – the MarinEye system. It comprises a set of sensors providing diverse and relevant information for oceanic environment characterization and marine biology studies. It is constituted by a physicalchemical water properties sensor suite, a water filtration and sampling system for DNA collection, a plankton imaging system and biomass assessment acoustic system. The MarinEye system has onboard computational and logging capabilities allowing it either for autonomous operation or for integration in other marine observing systems (such as Observatories or robotic vehicles. It was designed in order to collect integrated multi-trophic monitoring data. The validation in operational environment on 3 marine observatories: RAIA, BerlengasWatch and Cascais on the coast of Portugal is also discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting

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    Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding and ability to predict ocean-atmosphere variability. PIRATA consists of a network of moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real time to address fundamental scientific questions as well as societal needs. The network is maintained through dedicated yearly cruises, which allow for extensive complementary shipboard measurements and provide platforms for deployment of other components of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System. This paper describes network enhancements, scientific accomplishments and successes obtained from the last 10 years of observations, and additional results enabled by cooperation with other national and international programs. Capacity building activities and the role of PIRATA in a future Tropical Atlantic Observing System that is presently being optimized are also described

    Caracterização dos macrófagos presentes nas lesÔes cutùneas da hanseníase: estudo por monoclonais

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    As lesĂ”es cutĂąneas de 16 pacientes com hansenĂ­ase foram estudadas por imunofluorescĂȘncia com anticorpos monoclonais anti-monĂłcitos (OKM1 e anti-MO) e anti-Ia (OKIa). Foi avaliada a atividade de fosfatase ĂĄcida utilizando-se naftol AS-B1 fosfato como substrato. Os macrĂłfagos parecem constituir uma população heterogĂȘnea em relação aos antigenos estudados neste trabalho e quanto a atividade enzimĂĄtica. Em todas as formas estudadas um grande nĂșmero de cĂ©lulas eram OKIa positivas
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