A concepção de deficiência intelectual ao longo da história

O presente trabalho objetivou abordar as diferentes concepções a respeito da deficiência intelectual. Essa condição humana tem passado por vários conceitos, originando diversas terminologias, tais como: débeis, mongoloides, imbecis, retardados, deficientes mentais, portadores de necessidades especiais, portadores de deficiência e deficiência intelectual. Utilizou-se, como método de abordagem, o dedutivo. Como procedimento, usou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que em cada época a concepção vigente adequava-se ao conceito de homem e aos avanços da ciência daquele período. Na atualidade, especialistas, tanto da área da saúde como da área da educação, têm trabalhado para estabelecer conceitos que possibilitem a inclusão social e se distanciem o máximo possível da discriminação e do preconceito. Palavras-chave: Pedagogia. Psicologia. História. Deficiência mental. Deficiência intelectual

A SUSTENTABILIDADE DE UM ARRANJO PRODUTIVO LOCAL NO POLO MOVELEIRO DE ARAPONGAS

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a sustentabilidade a longo prazo de um Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) do Polo Moveleiro de Arapongas, no interior do Estado do Paraná, e as práticas da região por medidas socioambientais adequadas, por meio de um estudo de caso nas instituições que coordenam o projeto e por uma metodologia de análise da sustentabilidade, a qual combina as tradicionais metodologias de validação da competitividade com as metodologias de mensuração da sustentabilidade econômica e social. Foram entrevistados representantes da Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIP) da usina de reciclagem de resíduos de madeira e do SENAI, chegando-se a um cenário que contempla a manutenção duradoura do APL para a competitividade das empresas do conglomerado industrial

DIFICULDADES SEXUAIS MASCULINAS E IMAGINÁRIO COLETIVO DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS: UM ESTUDO PSICANALÍTICO

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o imaginário coletivo de universitários sobre dificuldades sexuais masculinas, para elucidar o campo psicológico não consciente subjacente. Para tanto, o método psicanalítico foi operado através da teoria dos campos, tendo como suporte a teorização psicanalítica de Bleger. O Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema foi utilizado em aplicação coletiva em uma classe de cinqüenta e cinco estudantes de Direito, de ambos os sexos. Encontramos os seguintes campos: “o amante competente”, “felizes para sempre” e “será que ele é?” que comentamos interpretativamente. Conhecer imaginários coletivos pode facilitar transformações psicossociais, libertando o ser humano de adesões a concepções restritivas sobre sexualidade que tendem a empobrecer o viver

Carotid endarterectomy in conscious patient

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morbidity and mortality of carotid endarterectomy performed under regional cervical block, taking into account duration of surgery, use of shunt, conversion to general anesthesia, surgical complications, stay of patients inthe intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital, and patients' evolution over one year. METHODS: From June 1998 to January 2004, 67 operations were performed in 61 patients, with 70% or greater internal carotid stenosis, diagnosed by Doppler and confirmed by carotid angiography. Neurologic monitoring consisted of continuous assessment of alertness and motor activity of patients during the operation. The mean age was 69.7 years old. Regarding concomitant pathologies, 45 (47%) had hipertension; 21 (22%), coronary artery disease; 17 (18%), diabetes; 12 (13%), pneumopathy. RESULTS: There were three (4.48%) cases of bilateral carotid disease, for which surgery was performed at different times. The mean duration of surgery was 120 minutes. The use of a shunt was necessary in six (8.95%) cases and to convert to general anesthesia in two (2.98%). Two (2.98%) patients evolved with mental confusion after surgery and one (1.49%) presented infection of surgical site. Restenosis occurred in three (4.48%) cases. The mean times of stay in the ICU and hospital were 1.34 and 4.20 days, respectively. There were no deaths, strokes or acute myocardial infarctions. CONCLUSION: Carotid endarterectomy with conscious patient is a good alternative for selected patients at high surgical risk for general anesthesia.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a morbidade e mortalidade da endarterectomia de carótida realizada sob bloqueio cervical regional, tendo como variáveis o tempo cirúrgico, uso de shunt, conversão para anestesia geral, complicações cirúrgicas, tempo de permanência dos pacientes na unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI) e no hospital, e evolução dos pacientes durante um ano. MÉTODO: Durante o período de junho de 1998 a janeiro de 2004, foram realizadas 67 operações em 61 pacientes, com 70% ou mais de estenose de carótida interna, diagnosticada por Doppler e confirmada por angiografia carotídea. A monitorização cerebral intra-operatória consistiu na análise do nível de consciência e da atividade motora dos pacientes. A média de idade dos pacientes foi 69,7 anos. Quanto às doenças concomitantes, 45 (47%) eram hipertensos; 21 (22%), coronariopatas; 17 (18%), diabéticos; 12 (13%), pneumopatas. RESULTADOS: Houve três (4,48%) casos de doença carotídea bilateral, sendo a operação realizada em dois tempos. O tempo médio de operação foi de 120 minutos. Foi necessário uso de shunt em seis (8,95%) casos e conversão para anestesia geral em dois (2,98%). Dois (2,98%) pacientes apresentaram confusão mental no pós-operatório e um (1,49%) apresentou infecção da ferida operatória. Ocorreu reestenose de carótida em três (4,48%) casos. Os tempos médios de permanência na UTI e no hospital foram, respectivamente, 1,34 e 4,20 dias. Não houve morte, acidente vascular cerebral ou infarto agudo do miocárdio. CONCLUSÃO: A endarterectomia de carótida com o paciente acordado é uma boa alternativa para pacientes selecionados de alto risco cirúrgico para anestesia geral.EPM Cirurgia CardíacaUNIFESP, EPM, Cirurgia CardíacaSciEL

Improvement and population structure of Mediterranean water buffaloes raised in Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura populacional e os progressos genéticos, fenotípicos e ambientais de características de desenvolvimento ponderal, em bubalinos da raça Mediterrâneo. Foram utilizadas informações dos pesos ajustados aos 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade, de 6.243 bubalinos nascidos no período de 1974 a 2003, provenientes de quatro fazendas. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade foram altas para os pesos ajustados nas três idades. Os rebanhos apresentaram ganho genético positivo quanto a essas três características, porém, aquém do possível, provavelmente em razão da seleção baseada somente no fenótipo, realizada pelos produtores. Para aumento nos ganhos genéticos, são necessários a redução do intervalo de geração, o aumento do tamanho efetivo, o uso de reprodutores avaliados com base nos valores genéticos preditos pelo BLUP e o controle dos acasalamentos de animais aparentados.The objective of this work was to evaluate the population structure as well as the improvement of genetic, phenotypic, and environmental effects on growth development of Mediterranean water buffaloes, raised in Brazil. Information on weight adjusted at 205, 365, and 550 days of age of 6,243 buffaloes from four farms, which were born between 1974 and 2003, were used. Heritability coefficients for weight were high at the three ages. The herds presented a positive genetic gain in the three analyzed traits, although lower than expected, what was likely to be caused by empirical phenotype-based selection used by the local breeders. In order to improve genetic gains, it is necessary to decrease the generation interval, to increase the effective size, to use reproducers whose genetic values have been previously evaluated by BLUP, and to avoid mating between related animals

Effect of low-level laser therapy on pain levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle pain and dysfunction. Low-level laser is presented as an adjuvant therapeutic modality for the treatment of TMD, especially when the presence of inflammatory pain is suspected. Objective: To systematically review studies that investigated the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the pain levels in individuals with TMD. Material and Methods: The databases Scopus, embase, ebsco and PubMed were reviewed from January/2003 to October/2010 with the following keywords: laser therapy, low-level laser therapy, temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular joint, temporomandibular, facial pain and arthralgia, with the inclusion criteria for intervention studies in humans. exclusion criteria adopted were intervention studies in animals, studies that were not written in english, Spanish or Portuguese, theses, monographs, and abstracts presented in scientific events. Results: After a careful review, 14 studies fit the criteria for inclusion, of which, 12 used a placebo group. As for the protocol for laser application, the energy density used ranged from 0.9 to 105 J/cm², while the power density ranged from 9.8 to 500 mW. The number of sessions varied from 1 to 20 and the frequency of applications ranged from daily for 10 days to 1 time per week for 4 weeks. A reduction in pain levels was reported in 13 studies, with 9 of these occurring only in the experimental group, and 4 studies reporting pain relief for both the experimental group and for the placebo. Conclusion: Most papers showed that LLLT seemed to be effective in reducing pain from TMD. However, the heterogeneity of the standardization regarding the parameters of laser calls for caution in interpretation of these results. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research in order to obtain a consensus regarding the best application protocol for pain relief in patients with TMD

Treatment of snoring and sleep apnea syndrome with a removable mandibular advancement device in patients without TMD

INTRODUCTION: Among the sleep disorders reported by the American Academy of Sleep, the most common is obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), which is caused by difficulties in air passage and complete interruption of air flow in the airway. This syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in apneic individuals. OBJECTIVE: It was the objective of this paper to evaluate a removable mandibular advancement device as it provides a noninvasive, straightforward treatment readily accepted by patients. METHODS: In this study, 15 patients without temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and with excessive daytime sleepiness or snoring were evaluated. Data were collected by means of: Polysomnography before and after placement of an intraoral appliance, analysis of TMD signs and symptoms using a patient history questionnaire, muscle and TMJ palpation. RESULTS: After treatment, the statistical analysis (t-test, and the "before and after" test) showed a mean reduction of 77.6% (p=0.001) in the apnea-hypopnea index, an increase in lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (p=0.05), decrease in desaturation (p=0.05), decrease in micro-awakenings or EEG arousals (p=0.05) and highly significant improvement in daytime sleepiness (p=0.005), measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. No TMD appeared during the monitoring period. CONCLUSION: The oral device developed in this study was considered effective for mild to moderate OSAHS

A “outreidade” no êxodo: fotografias de Sebastião Salgado

O presente artigo visa investigar uma ética para a imagem poética tomando como referência a obra fotográfica de Sebastião Salgado, especialmente a Mostra Êxodo. Para tanto, recorremos ao pensamento do filósofo Emmanuel Levinas, que infere a ética a partir do que se apresenta como um Absolutamente Outro. Neste artigo, pensamos a imagem fotográfica de Sebastião Salgado como um Absolutamente Outro ante o estranhamento que esta nos confer

Scientific research on food environments in Brazil: a scoping review

Abstract Objective: To map the scientific research on food environments in Brazil, based on the following questions: How many studies have addressed food environments?; What study designs and methodological approaches were applied?; What is the geographic scope of the studies?; What scenarios and dimensions of food environments were studied?; Which population groups were studied?; How were food environments conceptualised?; What are the main limitations of the studies? Design: Scoping review conducted in four databases, from January 2005 to December 2022, using different food environment-related terms to cover the main types and dimensions proposed in the literature. The studies were independently selected by two authors. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the findings. Setting: Brazil. Participants: 130 articles. Results: Scientific research on Brazilian food environments has been increasing. The analytical quantitative approach and the cross-sectional design were the most frequently used. Most articles were published in English. The majority of studies evaluated the community food environment, addressed aspects of the physical dimension, sampled the adult population, had food consumption as an outcome, used primary data, and were carried out in capital cities in the Southeast region. Furthermore, in most articles, no conceptual model was explicitly adopted. Conclusions: Gaps in literature are related to the need for conducting studies in the Brazilian countryside, the support for the formulation of research questions based on conceptual models, the use of valid and reliable instruments to collect primary data, in addition to the need for a greater number of longitudinal, intervention and qualitative studies