Desporto e género: análise das imagens de manuais escolares dos 2.º e 3.º ciclos do ensino básico

Os manuais escolares, e outros produtos pedagógicos, são recursos da actividade educativa, mediadores do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, da socialização e da formação de identidades. Segundo Brito (1999), os manuais configuram as práticas pedagógicas, disponibilizam elementos de leitura e descodificação do real, transmitem valores e normas sociais e esclarecem objectivos de aprendizagem. São ainda uma referência, dado que quem os utiliza procura uma informação exacta, importante para a construção de conhecimentos; ao estabelecer princípios e meios tidos como “verdades”, espera-se que, de facto, essas informações sejam seguidas por quem as utiliza (Castro, 1995): corpo docente, alunos/as, encarregados de educação

QUILOMBOS PAULISTAS: A política pública de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER) em sua interface com as comunidades tradicionais frente ao projeto de lei estadual nº 529 de 2020

The remaining quilombo communities at the São Paulo State in Brazil are in serious risk of negative changes in the provision of official rural extension services with the advent of state Bill nº 529/2020. The objective of this research is to evaluate how the traditional remaining quilombo communities located at São Paulo State can be directly affected negatively by the law proposal. For this, a scientific methodology was adopted, which is summarized in the review bibliographic and descriptive and exploratory documentary. As a result, no fact or argument has been found that legitimizes Bill nº 529 of 2020 from the perspective of traditional communities and other beneficiaries of the São Paulo ATER public policy.Las comunidades de quilombos restantes en el estado de São Paulo corren un grave riesgo de cambios negativos en la prestación de servicios oficiales de extensión rural con la llegada del proyecto de ley 529/2020. El objetivo de esta investigación es buscar cómo las comunidades tradicionales de quilombo restantes ubicadas en el estado de São Paulo pueden ser perjudicadas directamente con la PL 529 de 2020. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología científica, que resume la revisión bibliográfica y documental. Carácter descriptivo y exploratorio. A consecuencia, no se ha encontrado ningún hecho o argumento que legitime el Proyecto de Ley n° 529 de 2020 desde la perspectiva de las comunidades tradicionales y otros beneficiarios de la política pública ATER de São Paulo.Les communautés quilombo restantes dans l'État de São Paulo sont sérieusement exposées à des changements négatifs dans la fourniture des services officiels de vulgarisation rurale avec l'avènement du projet de loi 529/2020. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail est de chercher comment les communautés traditionnelles quilombo restantes situées dans l'État de São Paulo peuvent être directement lésées par la PL 529 de 2020. À cette fin, une méthodologie scientifique a été adoptée, qui résume la revue bibliographique et documentaire descriptif et exploratoire. En conséquence, aucun fait ou argument n'a été trouvé pour légitimer le projet de loi n ° 529 de 2020 du point de vue des communautés traditionnelles et d'autres bénéficiaires de la politique publique ATER de São Paulo.As comunidades remanescentes de quilombo no Estado de São Paulo correm severo risco de alterações negativas na prestação de serviços de extensão rural oficial com o advento do Projeto de Lei (PL) nº 529/2020. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é buscar como as comunidades tradicionais remanescentes de quilombos localizadas no estado de São Paulo podem ser diretamente prejudicadas com o PL 529 de 2020. Para tanto, foi adotada metodologia de caráter científico, o qual se resume a revisão bibliográfica e documental de caráter descritivo e exploratório. Como resultado, nenhum fato ou argumento foi encontrado para legitimar o Projeto de Lei nº 529 de 2020 dentro da perspectiva das comunidades tradicionais e demais beneficiários da política pública de ATER paulista

Peptidomimetic and Organometallic Derivatives of Primaquine Active against Leishmania infantum

The current treatment of visceral leishmaniasis is made difficult by the low efficacy, elevated costs, low bioavailability, and high toxicity of many of the available drugs. Primaquine, an antimalarial 8-aminoquinoline, displays activity against Leishmania spp., and several of its derivatives have been developed as potential antileishmanial drugs. However, primaquine exhibits low oral bioavailability due to oxidative deamination of its aliphatic chain. We previously developed peptidomimetic and organometallic derivatives of primaquine, with higher resistance to proteolytic degradation and oxidative deamination, which presented significant activity against primaquine-sensitive pathogens such as Plasmodium or Pneumocystis. In light of these relevant findings, we decided to evaluate these compounds against both the promastigote and intramacrophagic amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, the agent of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. We found that several of these compounds had significant activity against L. infantum. One of the peptidomimetic (3c) and one of the organometallic (7a) derivatives of primaquine were active against the clinically relevant intramacrophagic amastigote form of the parasite, causing >96% reductions in the number of amastigotes per 100 macrophages at 60 and 40 mu M, respectively, while being less cytotoxic for host cells than the reference drugs sitamaquine and miltefosine. Hence, compounds 3c and 7a represent new entries toward the development of new antileishmanial leads

Characterization of hLF1-11 immobilization onto chitosan ultrathin films, and its effects on antimicrobial activity

hLF1-11 (GRRRRSVQWCA) is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with high activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the most prevalent species in implant-associated infection. In this work, the effect of the surface immobilization on hLF1-11 antimicrobial activity was studied. Immobilization was performed onto chitosan thin films as a model for an implant coating due to its reported osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Chitosan thin films were produced by spin-coating on gold surfaces. hLF1-11 was immobilized onto these films by its C-terminal cysteine in an orientation that exposes the antimicrobial activity-related arginine-rich portion of the peptide. Two levels of exposure (with and without a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer) were analyzed. Covalent immobilization was further compared with the AMP physical adsorption onto chitosan films. Surfaces were characterized using ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies and using a fluorimetric assay for hLF1-11 quantification. Surface antimicrobial activity was assessed through surface adhesion and viability assays using an MRSA (S. aureus ATCC 33591). The incorporation of hLF1-11 increased significantly bacterial adhesion to chitosan films. However, the presence of hLF1-11, namely when immobilized through a PEG spacer, decreased the viability of adherent bacteria with regard to the control surface. These results demonstrated that hLF1-11 after covalent immobilization by its cysteine can maintain activity, particularly if a spacer is applied. However, further studies, exploring the opposite orientation or the same C-terminal orientation, but non-cysteine related, can help to clarify the potential of the hLF1-11 immobilization strategy

QUILOMBOS PAULISTAS: The public policy of technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) in its interface with traditional communities in the face of São Paulo State bill nº 529 of 2020

The remaining quilombo communities at the São Paulo State in Brazil are in serious risk of negative changes in the provision of official rural extension services with the advent of state Bill nº 529/2020. The objective of this research is to evaluate how the traditional remaining quilombo communities located at São Paulo State can be directly affected negatively by the law proposal. For this, a scientific methodology was adopted, which is summarized in the review bibliographic and descriptive and exploratory documentary. As a result, no fact or argument has been found that legitimizes Bill nº 529 of 2020 from the perspective of traditional communities and other beneficiaries of the São Paulo ATER public policy.Las comunidades de quilombos restantes en el estado de São Paulo corren un grave riesgo de cambios negativos en la prestación de servicios oficiales de extensión rural con la llegada del proyecto de ley 529/2020. El objetivo de esta investigación es buscar cómo las comunidades tradicionales de quilombo restantes ubicadas en el estado de São Paulo pueden ser perjudicadas directamente con la PL 529 de 2020. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología científica, que resume la revisión bibliográfica y documental. Carácter descriptivo y exploratorio. A consecuencia, no se ha encontrado ningún hecho o argumento que legitime el Proyecto de Ley n° 529 de 2020 desde la perspectiva de las comunidades tradicionales y otros beneficiarios de la política pública ATER de São Paulo.The remaining quilombo communities at the São Paulo State in Brazil are in serious risk of negative changes in the provision of official rural extension services with the advent of state Bill nº 529/2020. The objective of this research is to evaluate how the traditional remaining quilombo communities located at São Paulo State can be directly affected negatively by the law proposal. For this, a scientific methodology was adopted, which is summarized in the review bibliographic and descriptive and exploratory documentary. As a result, no fact or argument has been found that legitimizes Bill nº 529 of 2020 from the perspective of traditional communities and other beneficiaries of the São Paulo ATER public policy

Selective albumin-binding surfaces modified with a thrombin-inhibiting peptide

Blood-contacting medical devices have been associated with severe clinical complications, such as thrombus formation, triggered by the activation of the coagulation cascade due to the adsorption of certain plasma proteins on the surface of biomaterials. Hence, the coating of such surfaces with antithrombotic agents has been used to increase biomaterial haemocompatibility. Biomaterial-induced clotting may also be decreased by albumin adsorption from blood plasma in a selective and reversible way, since this protein is not involved in the coagulation cascade. In this context, this paper reports that the immobilization of the thrombin inhibitor D-Phe-Pro-D-Arg-D-Thr-CONH2 (fPrt) onto nanostructured surfaces induces selective and reversible adsorption of albumin, delaying the clotting time when compared to peptide-free surfaces. fPrt, synthesized with two glycine residues attached to the N-terminus (GGfPrt), was covalently immobilized onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) having different ratios of carboxylate-hexa(ethylene glycol)- and tri(ethylene glycol)-terminated thiols (EG6-COOH/EG3) that were specifically designed to control GGfPrt orientation, exposure and density at the molecular level. In solution, GGfPrt was able to inactivate the enzymatic activity of thrombin and to delay plasma clotting time in a concentration-dependent way. After surface immobilization, and independently of its concentration, GGfPrt lost its selectivity to thrombin and its capacity to inhibit thrombin enzymatic activity against the chromogenic substrate n-p-tosyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide. Nevertheless, surfaces with low concentrations of GGfPrt could delay the capacity of adsorbed thrombin to cleave fibrinogen. In contrast, GGfPrt immobilized in high concentrations was found to induce the procoagulant activity of the adsorbed thrombin. However, all surfaces containing GGfPrt have a plasma clotting time similar to the negative control (empty polystyrene wells), showing resistance to coagulation, which is explained by its capacity to adsorb albumin in a selective and reversible way. This work opens new perspectives to the improvement of the haemocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices

I want to write in handwriting (1): Letters from a child with cancer about work in social health education

El objetivo central de este estudio es describir las narrativas por medio de cartas, de una profesora y un niño sobre el trabajo de educación social con su profesora. El procedimiento metodológico adoptado para la realización de este artículo consistió en un estudio de caso con un niño de ocho años con cáncer que recibió atención educativa en su domicilio durante el tratamiento junto a una pedagoga. El estudio fue desarrollado en los presupuestos de la educación social, por tanto, en un escenario y perspectiva diferente a los de la pedagogía convencional. El niño y la profesora escribieron cartas expresando sus ideas y sentimientos sobre el trabajo y las implicaciones en el aprendizaje. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de este estudio evidencian que el trabajo del profesor en la atención educativa a domicilio de niños con tratamiento de cáncer, en las perspectivas de la educación social, favorece el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura, además de posibilitar la adquisición cultural y, en el caso del lenguaje escrito, como vehículo de construcción de la autonomía del sujeto, a partir de la cual se gana en relación con la expresión de ideas y sentimientos.The study was developed and based on the presuppositions of Social Education, therefore, in a scenario and perspective different from those of Hospital Pedagogy. The child and teacher wrote a letter expressing his ideas and feelings about the teacher’s work and its implications for the learning of the cursive letter. The results obtained from this study show that the work of the teacher in the home care of children with cancer treatment, in the perspective of Social Education, favors the learning of reading and writing, making possible the cultural appropriation, in the case the written language, as a possibility of construction of the autonomy of the subject, from which he gains voice to express his ideas and feelings

Antimicrobial properties of membrane-active dodecapeptides derived from MSI-78

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics known by their ability to disrupt bacterial membranes and their low tendency to induce bacterial resistance, arising as excellent candidates to fight bacterial infections. In this study we aimed at designing short 12-mer AMPs, derived from a highly effective and broad spectrum synthetic AMP, MSI-78 (22 residues), by truncating this peptide at the N- and/or C-termini while spanning its entire sequence with 1 amino add (aa) shifts. These designed peptides were evaluated regarding antimicrobial activity against selected gram-positive Staphylococcus strains and the gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The short 12-mer peptide CEM1 (GIGMFLKKAKICF) was identified as an excellent candidate to fight P. aeruginosa infections as it displays antimicrobial activity against this strain and selectivity, with negligible toxicity to mammalian cells even at high concentrations. However, in general most of the short 12-mer peptides tested showed a reduction in antimicrobial activity, an effect that was more pronounced for gram-positive Staphylococcus strains. Interestingly, CEM1 and a highly similar peptide differing by only one aa-shift (CEM2: IGKFLKKAKICFG), showed a remarkably contrasting AMP activity. These two peptides were chosen for a more detailed study regarding their mechanism of action, using several biophysical assays and simple membrane models that mimic the mammalian and bacterial lipid composition. We confirmed the correlation between peptide helicity and antimicrobial activity and propose a mechanism of action based on the disruption of the bacterial membrane permeability barrier

Hydration water and peptide dynamics - two sides of a coin. A neutron scattering and adiabatic calorimetry study at low hydration and cryogenic temperatures

In the present work we bridge neutron scattering and calorimetry in the study of a low-hydration sample of a 15-residue hybrid peptide from cecropin and mellitin CA(1-7)M(2-9) of proven antimicrobial activity. Quasielastic and low-frequency inelastic neutron spectra were measured at defined hydration levels a nominally 'dry' sample (specific residual hydration h = 0.060 g/g), a H2O-hydrated (h = 0.49) and a D2O-hydrated one (h = 0.51). Averaged mean square proton mobilities were derived over a large temperature range (50-300 K) and the vibrational density of states (VDOS) were evaluated for the hydrated samples. The heat capacity of the H2O-hydrated CA(1-7) M(2-9) peptide was measured by adiabatic calorimetry in the temperature range 5-300 K, for different hydration levels. The glass transition and water crystallization temperatures were derived in each case. The existence of different types of water was inferred and their amounts calculated. The heat capacities as obtained from direct calorimetric measurements were compared to the values derived from the neutron spectroscopy by way of integrating appropriately normalized VDOS functions. While there is remarkable agreement with respect to both temperature dependence and glass transition temperatures, the results also show that the VDOS derived part represents only a fraction of the total heat capacity obtained from calorimetry. Finally our results indicate that both hydration water and the peptide are involved in the experimentally observed transitions