Les cuisines de la création

La cuisine est un atelier. Peut-être est-ce même l’un des tout premiers. Et il n’est pas rare, pour parler du lieu de création d’un artiste, de filer la métaphore sur le culinaire. Avant de tenter de dessiner les contours de l’Atelier-Cuisine, nous voyons poindre justement la critique d’une trop grande trivialité, quotidienneté, ou utilité de l’acte de cuisiner : « pourquoi ne pas évoquer dans ce cas l’atelier du garagiste ? ». Comme tous ces chefs que nous avons rencontrés lors de la série d..

Prospectives

Tiré de: Prospectives, vol. 3, no 1 (février 1967)Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 24 janv. 2013

L'École de relations industrielles de l'Université de Montréal: Quarantième anniversaire

Lors de la célébration de cet anniversaire, en février 1985, le recteur de l'Universite de Montréal a brossé une esquisse historique de cette institution et décerné la Médaille de l'Universite à son fondateur, le R.P. Émile Bouvier

Herbicide-resistant weeds : from research and knowledge to future needs

Synthetic herbicides have been used globally to control weeds in major field crops. This has imposed a strong selection for any trait that enables plant populations to survive and reproduce in the presence of the herbicide. Herbicide resistance in weeds must be minimized because it is a major limiting factor to food security in global agriculture. This represents a huge challenge that will require great research efforts to develop control strategies as alternatives to the dominant and almost exclusive practice of weed control by herbicides. Weed scientists, plant ecologists and evolutionary biologists should join forces and work towards an improved and more integrated understanding of resistance across all scales. This approach will likely facilitate the design of innovative solutions to the global herbicide resistance challenge

Olive oil quality and authenticity: A review of current EU legislation, standards, relevant methods of analyses, their drawbacks and recommendations for the future

Background: The physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of olive oil (OO) are regulated by the European Union (EU) by Reg. (EEC) 2568/91 as amended, which also establishes methods for their analysis. Despite the fact that the OO sector is highly regulated, it is acknowledged that there are still problems; fats and oils, including OOs, are ranked third, after meat and meat products and fish and fish products, in the 2016 EU Food Fraud report on non-compliances per product category. For this reason, EU legislation, among the most advanced in the field, continuously chases after the emerging frauds. The process of proposing new methods or reviewing those current is constantly in progress, to ensure the robustness and the clarity required by official standardised procedures. Scope and approach: This review will identify current gaps in EU legislation and discuss drawbacks of existing analytical methods with respect to OO. Suggestions for replacement of specific steps within the present EU methods with more efficient analytical solutions to reduce time and/or solvent consumption will be proposed. Key findings and conclusions: This review critiques existing regulatory methods and standards, highlights weaknesses and proposes possible solutions to safeguard the consumer and protect the OO market

Low seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Lao PDR, late 2020

Background In 2020 Lao PDR had low reported COVID-19 cases but it was unclear whether this masked silent transmission. A seroprevalence study was done August - September 2020 to determine SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Methods Participants were from the general community (n=2433) or healthcare workers (n=666) in five provinces and bat/wildlife contacts (n=74) were from Vientiane province. ELISAs detected anti- SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (N; n=3173 tested) and Spike (S; n=1417 tested) antibodies. Double-positive samples were checked by IgM/IgG rapid tests. Controls were confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=15) and pre-COVID-19 samples (n=265). Seroprevalence for the general community was weighted to account for complex survey sample design, age and sex. Findings In pre-COVID-19 samples, 5·3%, [95% CI=3·1-8·7%] were anti-N antibody single-positive and 1·1% [0·3-3·5%] were anti-S antibody single positive. None were double positive. Anti-N and anti-S antibodies were detected in 5·2% [4·2-6·5%] and 2·1% [1·1-3·9%] of the general community, 2·0% [1·1-3·3%] and 1·4% [0·5-3·7%] of healthcare workers and 20·3% [12·6-31·0%] and 6·8% [2·8-15·3%] of bat/wildlife contacts. 0·1% [0·02-0·3%] were double positive for anti-N and anti-S antibodies (rapid test negative). Interpretation We find no evidence for significant SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Lao PDR before September 2020. This likely results from early decisive measures taken by the government, social behavior, and low population density. High anti-N /low anti-S seroprevalence in bat/wildlife contacts may indicate exposure to cross-reactive animal coronaviruses with threat of emerging novel viruses. Funding Agence Française de Développement. Additional; Institut Pasteur du Laos, Institute Pasteur, Paris and Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (“PaReCIDS II”)

Solution of an industrially relevant coupled magneto–mechanical problem set on an axisymmetric domain

Eddy currents are generated when low frequency magnetic fields interact with conducting components and this, in turn, generates Lorentz forces, which can cause these metallic components to deform and vibrate. An important application of this magneto–mechanical coupling is in coil design for magnetic resonance imaging scanners, where such vibrations can have unwanted effects such as ghosting of images, reduction of the life span of devices and discomfort for the patient. This work is aimed at developing an accurate computational tool for better understanding these deformations by considering a benchmark problem proposed by Siemens plc (Kruip, personal communication, 2013) on an idealised axisymmetric geometry. We present a new fixed point algorithm and develop new weak variational statements, which use a stress tensor approach for force calculation and permit discretisation using H1 conforming hp-version finite elements. Numerical results are included, which show the importance of high order finite elements for predicting the eddy currents and the associated coupling in the resonance region

Landscape design for soil conservation under land use and climate change

International audienceSoils and landscapes evolve simultaneously. Soil evolution is controlled by redistribution and transformation processes influenced by topographic and climatic parameters, with also a major contribution of management strategies. The perennial landscape features have a strong influence on soil spatial distribution (geometry) and soil genesis. Building landscapes which enhance soil resilience to degradation processes and increase soil services appears as a promising way to adapt to forthcoming climatic and land use evolutions. The presentation aims to synthetize major results from a research program nicknamed Landsoil which focused on the evolution of agricultural soils over medium time scales (decades to centuries) in relation to changing conditions of land use and climate. Precise study of the soil 3D organization in three contrasted landscapes (Brittany, Touraine, Languedoc-Roussillon) enabled to link soil redistribution in space to landscape components (field geometry, hedges or ditches network) and their past evolution. A dynamic and high resolution spatial modeling approach was developed coupling erosion processes and soil organic matter evolution and was calibrated over past evolution using dating techniques (Cs137, C14, OSL). The resulting Landsoil model was afterwards applied in a prospective manner under different scenarios of land use and climate change over the 21th century. Indicators of soil vulnerability and soil resilience were defined and tested by the comparison of several prospective scenarios applied on a same landscape and by comparison of the contrasted landscapes

Olive oil quality and authenticity: a review of current EU legislation, standards, relevant methods of analyses, their drawbacks and recommendations for the future

Final version is available in open access in publisher’s site.-- This abstract is based on the published article Lanfranco Conte, Alessandra Bendini, Enrico Valli, Paolo Lucci, Sabrina Moret, Alain Maquet, Florence Lacoste, Paul Brereton, Diego Luis García-González, Wenceslao Moreda, Tullia Gallina Toschi, Olive oil quality and authenticity: A review of current EU legislation, standards, relevant methods of analyses, their drawbacks and recommendations for the future, Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 105, 2020, Pages 483-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.025.-- http://hdl.handle.net/10261/198878Peer reviewe