Divergência genética entre quinze acessos de aceroleira com base em marcadores RAPD.

A acerola (Malpighia emarginata L.) é uma frutífera tropical, originária das Antilhas, que encontrou no Brasil condições favoráveis ao seu cultivo comercial, sendo de grande importância econômica e social devido ao seu alto conteúdo de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) (GONZAGA NETO et aI., 1995; RITZINGER et aI., 2003; SALLA et aI., 2002). Apesar da sua importância social e do seu elevado potencial econômico, muito pouco tem sido feito para o conhecimento e uso dessa espécie, seja na área de coleta, conservação, caracterização e avaliação de germoplasma, seja no melhoramento genético visando o desenvolvimento de cultivares ou de práticas adequadas de cultivo e manejo (GONZAGA NETO et aI., 1995; PAIVA et aI., 2001; RITZINGER et aI., 2003; SALLA et aI., 2002). As variedades de aceroleira atualmente plantadas no Brasil apresentam produtividade e qualidade de frutos baixos, especialmente para a indústria de processamento, fato que aliado à prática ainda comum de plantio de mudas obtidas por sementes, traz prejuízos para o agricultor (SALLA et aI., 2002). Em razão disso, a preservação da variabilidade genética da aceroleira, mediante a constituição de bancos de germoplasma, tem grande importância tanto do ponto de vista da conservação biológica como da aplicação no melhoramento genético. A cultura da aceroleira apresenta grandes carências quanto à informação molecular, que poderá ser suprida com o emprego destes marcadores. O presente estudo teve por finalidade avaliar a divergência genética entre 15 acessos de aceroleira, pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, através cinco primers, usando marcadores RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA).pdf 120

Fundamentos teóricos-práticos e protocolos de extração e de amplificação de DNA por meio da técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase.

Caracterização molecular dos ácidos nucléicos; Obtenção de amostras para extração de dna; Cuidados durante e após a extração de dna; Material necessário para extração de dna; Extração de dna de amostras de tecidos de mamíferos; Material; Digestão da amostra; Extração do dna com fenol; Purificação do dna por meio de precipitação com etanol; Protocolos empregados na rotina de extração de dna de amostras de sangue; Extração de dna de amostras de sangue com a utilização de colunas de extração; Protocolo de extração de dna de sangue mediante precipitação com sal; Extração de dna de amostras congeladas de sangue; Protocolos empregados na extração de dna de amostras de artrópodes com utilização de colunas de purificação; Protocolo para extração de dna de amostras de carrapatos com colunas de purificação 11; Protocolo de extração de dna de ovos de carrapatos com a utilização de colunas de purificação; Extração de dna de amostras de sêmen; Extração de dna de plantas; Leitura da concentração de dna nas amostras Introdução à tecnica de pcr; Escolha dos primers ou iniciadores; Pcr "multiplex" ; Nested-pcr; Pcr quantitativa; Eletroforese de ácidos nucléicos; Eletroforese em gel de agarose; Variáveis que afetam a migração do dna através do gel de agarose; Protocolo para análise de produtos de amplificação e fragmentos de digestão em gel de agarose; Eletroforese em sistema capilar; Protocolo para análise de produtos de amplificação em sistema capilar; Protocolos de amplificação de dna parasitário; Pcr para babesia bigemina; Nested-pcr para babesia bigemina; Eletroforese em gel de agarose para visualização dos produtos amplificados

Clasificación microscópica de las lesiones cutáneas producidas por Hypoderma lineatum

Trabajo presentado a la: XXVII Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica Veterinaria. (Barcelona, España, 17 al 19 Junio, 2015).Peer Reviewe

Haemogram in sheep with antibodies against <i>Oestrus ovis</i>

The main goal in this study was to analyze the haemogram in sheep with antibodies against L2 O. ovis excretory/secretory antigens. This investigation was carried out in Galicia (NW Spain), a European region with Atlantie clima te where warmer summers occur

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). METHODS/DESIGN: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH2O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure 6430 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. DISCUSSION: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration metho

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

An allele of Arabidopsis COI1 with hypo- and hypermorphic phenotypes in plant growth, defence and fertility

Resistance to biotrophic pathogens is largely dependent on the hormone salicylic acid (SA) while jasmonic acid (JA) regulates resistance against necrotrophs. JA negatively regulates SA and is, in itself, negatively regulated by SA. A key component of the JA signal transduction pathway is its receptor, the COI1 gene. Mutations in this gene can affect all the JA phenotypes, whereas mutations in other genes, either in JA signal transduction or in JA biosynthesis, lack this general effect. To identify components of the part of the resistance against biotrophs independent of SA, a mutagenised population of NahG plants (severely depleted of SA) was screened for suppression of susceptibility. The screen resulted in the identification of intragenic and extragenic suppressors, and the results presented here correspond to the characterization of one extragenic suppressor, coi1-40. coi1-40 is quite different from previously described coi1 alleles, and it represents a strategy for enhancing resistance to biotrophs with low levels of SA, likely suppressing NahG by increasing the perception to the remaining SA. The phenotypes of coi1-40 lead us to speculate about a modular function for COI1, since we have recovered a mutation in COI1 which has a number of JA-related phenotypes reduced while others are equal to or above wild type levels.This work was supported by grant BIO201018896 from "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" (MINECO) of Spain and by grant ACOMP/2012/105 from "Generalitat Valenciana" to PT, a JAE-CSIC Fellowship to JVC, a FPI-MINECO to AD, and Fellowships from the European Molecular Biology Organization and the Human Frontier Science Program to BBHW. 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