Apresentação ao dossiê

O presente dossiê é fruto de um Grupo de Trabalho (GT) realizado durante a 31a Reunião Brasileira de Antropologia (ABA), em 2018, em Brasília. Ele integra as atividades do Comitê de Patrimônios e Museus da ABA, que procura suscitar reflexões e análises sobre o campo dos patrimônios e dos museus a partir de uma perspectiva antropológica

New Insight on the Bioactivity of Solanum aethiopicum Linn. Growing in Basilicata Region (Italy): Phytochemical Characterization, Liposomal Incorporation, and Antioxidant Effects

Food extract’s biological effect and its improvement using nanotechnologies is one of the challenges of the last and the future decades; for this reason, the antioxidant effect of scarlet eggplant extract liposomal incorporation was investigated. Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is a member of the Solanaceae family, and it is one of the most consumed vegetables in tropical Africa and south of Italy. This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical composition of S. aethiopicum grown in the Basilicata Region for the first time. The whole fruit, peel, and pulp were subjected to ethanolic exhaustive maceration extraction, and all extracts were investigated. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of ten phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanones, flavanols, and four carotenoids (one xanthophyll and three carotenes). The peel extract was the most promising, active, and the richest in specialized metabolites; hence, it was tested on HepG2 cell lines and incorporated into liposomes. The nanoincorporation enhanced the peel extract’s antioxidant activity, resulting in a reduction of the concentration used. Furthermore, the extract improved the expression of endogenous antioxidants, such as ABCG2, CAT, and NQO1, presumably through the Nrf2 pathway

Platelet kinetics after slow versus standard transfusions: A pilot study

Background. Platelet transfusion is required in the acute phase of some thrombocytopenic disorders in order to prevent potentially dangerous hemorrhages. The purpose of this study was to assess the increase in platelet count following a slow platelet transfusion. Methods. Patients suffering from thrombocytopenia due to various underlying diseases were enrolled in the prospective pilot feasibility trial and were randomly divided into two groups. Standard platelet transfusion was administered in one group, while slow transfusion was used in the other. The platelet count was examined at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week following the transfusions. Results. Although the platelet count was higher following 1 hour after transfusion via the standard method, the count tended to be higher 1 week after the transfusion in the slow transfusion group. This difference, however, only turned out to be statistically significant amongst females. Conclusion. A therapy of slow platelet transfusion might be more effective for the prevention of platelet loss. Further studies will be required to strengthen this hypothesis

Marco de referencia para la formulación, gestión e implementación de carreras a distancia según el SIED UNSJ : Desarrollo de Manual de procedimientos

La UNSJ ha validado ante CONEAU, el Sistema Institucional de Educación a distancia de la Universidad (SIED UNSJ), tal como lo solicita la normativa del Ministerio de Educación Nº2641/17ME. En torno a las normativas generales definidas en el SIED UNSJ, surgen los interrogantes para la debida implementación de las mismas a nivel de cada unidad académica: ¿las unidades académicas cuentan con las normativas, recursos y procesos de gestión adecuados para la formulación, gestión e implantación de carreras a distancias, según los requerimientos planteados? ¿las reglamentaciones existentes, están vinculadas al SIED UNSJ? ¿existen mecanismos operativos para la debida articulación entre la unidad académica y el área de EAD en relación a las dimensiones definidas en el SIED UNSJ? Arribar a las respuestas de los interrogantes planteados permitirá generar un marco de referencia para la articulación de las unidades académicas con el Área EAD con dependencia de Rectorado. Los integrantes del equipo de investigación del presente proyecto, en su mayoría cuentan con una trayectoria de 20 años en proyectos de investigación afín a Educación a distancia e integraron la Comisión designada para la elaboración el SIED UNSJ, lo que representa una base de conocimiento base importante para resolver la problemática planteada. Los resultados del proyecto representarán un valioso aporte para la implementación del SIED UNSJ.Eje: Tecnología Informática aplicada en Educación.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Acceptability of the 6-PACK falls prevention program: A pre-implementation study in hospitals participating in a cluster randomized controlled trial

There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of falls prevention interventions in the acute hospital setting. The 6-PACK falls prevention program includes a fall-risk tool; 'falls alert' signs; supervision of patients in the bathroom; ensuring patients' walking AIDS are within reach; toileting regimes; low-low beds; and bed/chair alarms. This study explored the acceptability of the 6-PACK program from the perspective of nurses and senior staff prior to its implementation in a randomised controlled trial. A mixed-methods approach was applied involving 24 acute wards from six Australian hospitals. Participants were nurses working on participating wards and senior hospital staff including: Nurse Unit Managers; senior physicians; Directors of Nursing; and senior personnel involved in quality and safety or falls prevention. Information on program acceptability (suitability, practicality and benefits) was obtained by surveys, focus groups and interviews. Survey data were analysed descriptively, and focus group and interview data thematically. The survey response rate was 60%. Twelve focus groups (n = 96 nurses) and 24 interviews with senior staff were conducted. Falls were identified as a priority patient safety issue and nurses as key players in falls prevention. The 6-PACK program was perceived to offer practical benefits compared to current practice. Nurses agreed fall-risk tools, low-low beds and alert signs were useful for preventing falls (>70%). Views were mixed regarding positioning patients' walking aid within reach. Practical issues raised included access to equipment; and risk of staff injury with low-low bed use. Bathroom supervision was seen to be beneficial, however not always practical. Views on the program appropriateness and benefits were consistent across nurses and senior staff. Staff perceived the 6-PACK program as suitable, practical and beneficial, and were open to adopting the program. Some practical concerns were raised highlighting issues to be addressed by the implementation plan

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

ESTRATEGIA MOTIVACIONAL Y DESEMPEÑO LABORAL EN DOCENTES DE NIVEL SECUNDARIO DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN PÚBLICA

The research aimed to develop a motivation strategy to improve teachers' job performance at the secondary level of the Inmaculada Concepción educational institution, Chiclayo, Peru. To achieve this purpose, a study with a descriptive - purposeful design was carried out. For the collection of information, the instruments used were an Observation Guide that allowed immediate attention to the problem, as well as a structured job performance questionnaire consisting of 30 items, which was applied to 20 secondary level teachers; to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument, the Cronbach Alpha test was applied, where approval was obtained with 0.72. It was found that 20% of teachers have never fully developed the competencies required on campus, 40% indicate that they have never maintained the feeling of commitment to the educational organization. Regarding the institution's satisfaction within the institution, 55% have only sometimes felt satisfi ed in the workplace, and 35% have never achieved satisfaction. With the achievement of these results, the strategy was proposed, and the practical contribution organized in four stages was designed, containing the development of various activities, implementation of recognition programs, fraternal integration, the development plan of skills and interpersonal relationships, strengthening of leadership, promote job satisfaction and fellowship development, and implement the training program regarding the use of ICT in virtual education and teaching, becoming a fundamental topic in recent times. It is concluded that the teacher presents manifestations where they make the motivation deficient, which deserves a limitation for the achievement of their good work performance since the motivation is the impulse to actuate stimuli where it allows enhancing capacities and strengthening the personal and professional well-being of the teacher in the educational organization. Keywords: educational institution - job performance - motivation - strategyEl desarrollo de la investigación tuvo como objetivo elaborar una estrategia de motivación para mejorar el desempeño laboral de los docentes del nivel secundario de la institución educativa (IE) Inmaculada Concepción, Chiclayo, Perú. Para lograr tal propósito se realizó un estudio con diseño descriptivo– propositivo. Para la recolección de información los instrumentos utilizados fueron, una Guía de observación que permitió prestar atención de forma inmediata la problemática; así mismo se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado de desempeño laboral constituido por 30 ítems la cual fue aplicado a 20 docentes del nivel secundario; para determinar la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento se aplicó la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach donde se obtuvo la aprobación con 0,72. Se encontró que el 20% de docentes nunca han desarrollado de manera completa las competencias requeridas en el plantel, el 40% señala que nunca han mantenido el sentimiento de compromiso para con la organización educativa y con respecto a la satisfacción que experimentan los educadores dentro de la institución, el 55% sólo a veces se han sentido satisfechos laboralmente y un 35% nunca han logrado la satisfacción. Con la obtención de dichos resultados se planteó la estrategia y se diseñó el aporte práctico organizado en cuatro etapas distribuidas en el desarrollo de diversas actividades como implementación de programas de reconocimiento, integración fraterna, plan de desarrollo de habilidades y relaciones interpersonales, fortalecimiento de liderazgo directivo, promover la satisfacción laboral y desarrollo de confraternidad, e implementar el programa de capacitación con respecto al uso de las TIC en la educación y enseñanza virtual, convirtiéndose en un tema fundamental en los últimos tiempos. Se concluye que el maestro presenta manifestaciones donde convierten en deficiente a la motivación, lo cual amerita una limitación para el logro de su buen desempeño laboral, pues la motivación es el impulso para accionar estímulos donde permita potenciar capacidades y fortalecer el bienestar personal y profesional del maestro en la organización educativa. Palabras clave: Estrategia - motivación - desempeño laboral - institución educativ