Some considerations about the contribution of roller shutters positions to noise insulation of façades

This paper describes an experimental study on the evaluation of the influence of roller shutters positions on noise insulation of façades. The study is based on the results of a set of tests carried out in laboratory, and in situ using the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th floors of a selected new housing building which is typical of Portuguese cooperative construction. For the purpose a specific type of window was considered. The window system (glazing and frame, plus the roller shutter) was firstly characterized in laboratory. In situ, the tests were performed in 2 different rooms having different window dimensions. The measurements were done in accordance with what is prescribed by international standards, using a loudspeaker as noise source. The considered shutters positions were: totally opened, half closed, partially closed (shutter extended) and completely closed (shutter fully extended). Additionally, in situ measurements with the window open were also done. The results have shown that the façade transmission loss curve related to each shutter position at the same storey and between different floor levels differs with some significance. Other interesting and important conclusions were extracted from the study done, namely: i) the important influence of shutter position when the window is open; the discrepancy between laboratory and in situ sound insulation performance; the low influence of flanking transmission regarding façades performance, which is due to its weak sound insulation when compared to those of the adjoining elements; and, finally, the evolution of sound insulation in frequency domain for the set of combinations window open and closed versus shutter positions.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Preliminary study of the acoustic behavior concerning an innovative prototype for indoor modular partitioning

This paper presents a preliminary acoustic study concerning the development of the first prototype of a patented removable module for interior partitioning. It is a prefabricated, vertical element for division of interior spaces that does not require the use of gutters or technical support. A set of such modules, linearly disposed, will create a division, allowing the personalization of any indoor area, including open office spaces, rooms, among others. The main characteristic that distinguishes this element from the existing solutions available on the market is that its mobility relies exclusively on a set of integrated bearings at the base of each module. Through an incorporated elevation system, the user can lower the module, move it to the desired position and re-elevate it until pressed against the ledge of the ceiling, making it stable. In this sense, and taking into account its acoustic behavior, several tests were made in the LNEC acoustics lab. Airborne sound insulation tests for different typologies of the prototype were conducted, according to the applicable standards EN ISO 354:2003, EN ISO 717-1:2013 and EN ISO 10140-2:2010. Some important conclusions and analysis of the prototype viability were extracted

On the efficiency of impact sound insulation systems on prefabricated lightweight floor and on standard homogeneous base-floor

Considering the impact noise as a major social issue in many countries, extensive work have been developed aimed at reducing the noise level in dwellings. Laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the acoustic performance of same constructive proposals, arranged to reduce the impact sound transmission. According to this study, acoustic performance of both types of floors differs significantly, with a difference of up to four times that of the effect of floating floor system on a homogeneous floor in some cases. The conclusions can help to determine the proposal of best suitable constructive solutions in accordance with legal regulations

Criteria for vibration levels from Metro Lines to comply with acceptable noise inside residential buildings

Amongst all types of transportation means, the Metro generates high levels of vibration, which are transmitted to the structural elements of nearby buildings. The related energy reaches the foundations and the ground floor of buildings in the form of waves that excite floors and walls. By vibrating all the partitions of a room, a corresponding radiated noise field is established, thus disturbing the residents. To our knowledge, from the legislative point of view, there are no published legal limits for human comfort and criteria related to vibrations generated by railway traffic inside buildings. This work is carried out in order to establish criteria to prevent or reduce the harmful effects and discomfort of the exposure to noise due to vibration inside housing. In this study, it is mainly intended to deepen the determination of criteria to be followed in the consideration of vibrations at low frequencies propagated through the foundations and structure of residential buildings. In situ measurements and calculation methods have been carried out taking into consideration different cases in order to analyse the transmission of those generated vibrations, to the different constructive elements linked to the floors, and in this way to be able to determine the overall noise established into the room

Intercepção horizontal do nevoeiro pela vegetação

A ocorrência de nevoeiro e o consequênte grau de intercepção pela vegetação existente depende da região. O fenómeno da intercepção do nevoeiro assume particular importância nas zonas áridas e semi-áridas onde a sua contribuição para a precipitação pode ser significativa. Uma revisão bibliográfica dos estudos realizados para a quantificação da intercepção horizontal do nevoeiro e a distribuição da ocorrência do nevoeiro em Portugal serão analisados sucintamente. The occurrence of fog and the consequent degree of interception by the existing vegetation (fog drip) depends on the region. The fog drip phenomena is particularly relevant in arid and semi-arid zones where contribution to the precipitation can be significant. Fog occurrence in Portugal is brief1y analysed, in the context of a literature review on fog drip by vegetation. L'occurence de brume et le conséquente degrê d'interception avec la vegetation dépend de la région. Le phénomene de l'interception de la brume assume une i.mportance particuliere dans les zones arides et sem i-acides ou sa contribution aux precipitations peut étre significative. Une révision bibliographique des êtudes réalisées pour la quantification horizontale de la brume et la distribution de son occurence au Portugal seront analysées Succlnctement

Nutrição clínica aplicada à alimentação escolar

Mestrado em Nutrição ClínicaEste estágio foi realizado no âmbito do 2º ano do Mestrado em Nutrição Clínica, mais concretamente no âmbito da nutrição clínica e saúde pública, na Área de Alimentação e Refeitório, da Câmara Municipal de Torres Vedras. O local de estágio foi o refeitório “Conquinha 1”e teve como principal objetivo promover a qualidade nutricional das 830 refeições disponibilizadas às 1344 crianças (1º ciclo e ensino Básico), nas 22 escolas sob a tutela da Autarquia. O estágio teve a duração de 20 semanas e dividiu-se em quatro fases. Na primeira fase procedeu-se à avaliação qualitativa das ementas do ano letivo anterior 2011/2012, existentes no refeitório escolar, utilizando a ferramenta “Avaliação Qualitativa de Ementas – Método AQE”. No total foram avaliadas 228 refeições. Nesta fase desenvolveu-se também o “Guia de Elaboração de Ementas Escolares”, no qual assentou as variáveis em estudo, sendo assim possível estruturar as novas ementas. Na segunda fase foram caracterizadas as necessidades nutricionais da população alvo: necessidades energéticas, proteínas, lípidos, hidratos de carbono, fibra e sódio, através das recomendações diárias de ingestão. Na terceira fase desenvolveram-se 232 novas ementas de acordo com a primeira e segunda fase. Na quarta fase procedeu-se ao ajustamento e desenvolvimento de 222 novas fichas técnicas (FT), de acordo com a fórmula dietética existente (valor energético total (Kcal), proteínas (g), lípidos (g), hidratos de carbono (g)) e de acordo com as propostas de alteração que foram sugeridas ao longo do estágio. A realização deste estágio proporcionou uma intervenção nutricional, no refeitório da autarquia, adequando as refeições aos critérios padronizados, de acordo com as necessidades nutricionais das crianças do Jardim de Infância e 1º Ciclo, garantindo que pelo menos uma das refeições feitas ao longo do dia, encontra-se de acordo com o recomendado.ABSTRACT - This traineeship was conducted within the 2nd year of the Master's degree in Clinical Nutrition, specifically in the field of clinical nutrition and public health in the Department of Food and Cafetaria of the Municipality of Torres Vedras. The traineeship site was the cafeteria "Conquinha 1" and aimed to promote the nutritional quality of 830 meals available to 1344 children (1st cycle and basic education), in 22 schools under the auspices of the Autarchy. The traineeship lasted 20 weeks and was divided into four phases. In the first phase, was proceeded to the qualitative evaluation of the menus, of the previous school year 2011/2012, that existed in the school cafeteria, using the tool "Qualitative evaluation of Menus - Method AQE”. In total 228 meals were evaluated. At this phase was also developed the "Guide to Developing School Menus" which was based on the variables under study, allowing the structuring of the new menus. In the second stage, the nutritional requirements of the target population, energy needs, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber, and sodium content were characterized through the daily intake recommendations. In the third stage, 232 new menus were developed according to the first and second phases. In the fourth phase was proceeded to the adjustment and development of 222 new datasheets (FT's), according to the existing diet formula (total energy intake (kcal), protein (g), fat (g) carbohydrates (g)) according to the proposed amendments, that have been suggested over the stage. The completion of this stage provided a nutritional intervention, in the cafeteria of the local autarchy, adapting meals to standardized criteria, according to the nutritional needs of children in kindergarten and 1st cycle, ensuring that at least one of meals during the day is in agreement with the recommended.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Do direito de greve dos servidores públicos civis diante da constituição federal

Trata do direito de greve dos servidores públicos civis e defende sua legitimidade como instrumento de defesa de direitos

Service designers, unite! Identifying shared concerns among multidisciplinary perspectives on service design

Service Design is a multidisciplinary approach that asks for further research to be better integrated. This article contributes to bridging this gap by identifying shared concerns among multidisciplinary perspectives on Service Design. A qualitative study involving six focus groups was conducted on international Service Design research centers. Results show the service system concept as an abstraction that supports integrating multidisciplinary perspectives and their contributions to Service Design, by identifying shared concerns across different levels: (a) at an individual-actor level, the shared concern of an actor-centered approach; (b) at an organizational service delivery system level, the shared focus on processes and interfaces; and (c) at network and ecosystem levels, the shared interest in designing for new constellations of actors and their connected roles. This article integrates different concepts and approaches to Service Design developed in dispersed areas, supporting dialogue, collaboration and theory building to advance Service Design as an interdisciplinary field

Teacher competences in distance education

Ao Professor, desde a institucionalização e estruturação do ensino formal até aos dias de hoje, é-lhe acometida a imprescindível função de providenciar condições para que o Aluno adquira, consolide e mobilize conhecimentos e competências curricularmente relevantes e realize aprendizagens significativas. No contexto da capacitação digital dos docentes, do uso massivo da internet, das redes de comunicação e do exponencial aumento das possibilidades de aprender colaborativamente, este trabalho apresenta-se como um contributo para refletir sobre as competências, imprescindíveis e desejáveis, do Professor na implementação da Educação a Distância. Neste sentido, é efetuada uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre a temática, uma análise aos documentos estruturantes e à principal regulamentação portuguesa que orienta a Escolaridade Obrigatória. O conceito de competência considerado apresenta-se como uma combinação de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. Resulta claro que o Professor é uma das pessoas chave na Educação Presencial e também o é na Educação a Distância.From the institutionalization and structuring of formal education to the present day, the Teacher is entrusted with the essential role of providing conditions for the Student to acquire, consolidate and mobilize curricular relevant knowledge and skills and carry out significant learning. In the context of the digital training of teachers, the massive use of the internet and communication networks and the exponential increase in the possibilities of collaborative learning, this work presents itself as a contribution to reflect on the skills, essential and desirable, of the Teacher in the implementation of Distance Education. Hence, a narrative review of the literature regarding this subject is provided, as well as an analysis of the structuring documents and of the main Portuguese regulation that guides Compulsory Education. The concept of competence is presented as a combination of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. It is regarded that the Teacher is one of the key people in Presential Education, but also in Remote Educationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio