The concept of corporate social responsibility: three-dimensional aspect

This article analyzes the corporate social responsibility as a three-dimensional concept (aspects): economical; social; environmental and ecological. It is shown that environmental and ecological orientation and sustainable development is a key pillar of the corporate social responsibility

Main problems of countries in transition: eastern europe scope

Economic processes of transition affect the lives of a considerable portion of human population justifying its status of “hot” topic, full of relevance. It is then essential to understand it, develop an idea of the harmful character it poses and focus on guidelines for the implementation of meaningful processes of transition

The concept of corporate social responsibility: three-dimensional aspect

This article analyzes the corporate social responsibility as a three-dimensional concept (aspects): economical; social; environmental and ecological. It is shown that environmental and ecological orientation and sustainable development is a key pillar of the corporate social responsibility

Resilient Urban Green Infrastructure. Nature-based solutions through multi-functional planting designs

In urban environments, vegetation is constantly under a wide range of stress factors that undermine the plant species making them more susceptible to diseases and pests attacks. To achieve and maintain a healthy and effective green infrastructure, it is increasingly urgent to find nature based solutions to deal with this problem, as the use of pesticides is more and more legally limited. The aim of this research was to contribute to solve phytosanitary problems of vegetation in the urban context with planting designs that improve species diversity and include plant species attractive to beneficial insects. The research was focused on street trees to provide guidelines for the planting design within the UGI and within the street context. An extensive literature review provided a conjoint of species and guidelines which could be applied, either to reduce pest levels or to prevent future attacks. Regarding the planting design within the UGI context, a new and more diverse selection of street trees can be proposed to break the connectivity among pests and diseases without compromising the beneficial connectivity of the UGI. Regarding the planting design within the street context, diversity can be integrated below the street trees using additional layers of vegetation and using plant species that can attract beneficial insects by providing host plants and, consequently, several nectar and pollen resources and refuges for unfavorable climatic conditions. Although this research was focused on street trees, results can also be extended to other urban green spaces in the future. Healthy plant species are imperative to maximize the UGI performance and its capacity to deliver services. The inclusion of target species in the urban environment to prevent phytosanitary problems or to improve the overall phytosanitary condition of the vegetation can be one step ahead for the future of more resilient cities

Síntese e transformações de Diels-Alder de 2-estirilcromonas: síntese de flavonas contendo unidades do ripo pirimidina

Doutoramento em QuímicaNa primeira parte desta dissertação reporta-se a síntese de 2-estirilcromonas, 5-hidroxi-2-estirilcromonas e benziloxi-2-estirilcromonas; e de precursores de dienos do tipo o-quinodimetanos, 2,2-dióxido de 1,3-di-hidrobenzo[c]tiofeno, 2,2-dióxido de 4,7-dimetoxi-1,3-di-hidrobenzo[c]tiofeno e 6,6-dióxido de 2- metil-4-metoxi-5,7-di-hidrotieno[3,4-d]pirimidina. Na segunda parte desta dissertação reportam-se os estudos de reacções de Diels-Alder de 2-estirilcromonas com dienos gerados “in-situ”, por extrusão térmica de dióxido de enxofre, a partir de sulfonas, ambos atrás referidos. Estes resultados permitiram analisar a reactividade das 2-estirilcromonas como dienófilos em reacções de Diels-Alder em função dos seus substitutintes e estabelecer novos métodos de síntese de 2-[2-(3-aril-1,2,3,4-tetrahidronaftil)] cromonas, 2-[2-(3-aril-1,2,3,4-tetra-hidronaftil)]-5-hidroxicromonas, 2-{2-[3-(3,4-dibenziloxifenil)-5,8-dimetoxi-1,2,3,4-tetrahidronaftil]} benziloxicromonas, 2-[6-(7-fenil-2-metil-4-metoxi-5,6,7,8-tetrahidroquinazolil)] cromonas, 2-[7-(6-fenil-2-metil-4-metoxi-5,6,7,8-tetrahidroquinazolil)] cromonas, 2-[6-(7-fenil-2-metil-4-metoxi-5,6,7,8-tetrahidroquinazolil)]- 5-hidroxicromonas e de 2-[7-(6-fenil-2-metil-4-metoxi-5,6,7,8- tetra-hidroquinazolil)]-5-hidroxicromonas. Na terceira parte reportam-se os estudos de reacções de desidrogenação dos cicloaductos sintetizados com vista à obtenção das 2-[2-(3-arilnaftil)]cromonas, 2-[2-(3-arilnaftil)]-5-hidroxicromonas, 2-{2-[3-(3,4-dibenziloxifenil)-5,8- dimetoxinaftil]}benziloxicromonas, 2-[6-(7-fenil-2-metil-4- metoxiquinazolil)]cromonas, 2-[7-(6-fenil-2-metil-4-metoxiquinazolil)]cromonas, 2-[6-(7-fenil-2-metil-4-metoxiquinazolil)]-5-hidroxicromonas e de 2-[7-(6-fenil-2- metil-4-metoxiquinazolil)]-5-hidroxicromonas. Na caracterização estrutural dos compostos sintetizados recorreu-se a técnicas analíticas actuais, especialmente a estudos vários de espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), os quais incluíram sobretudo o estudo de espectros de RMN de 1H, de 13C e estudos bidimensionais de correlação espectroscópica homo e heteronuclear e de efeito nuclear de Overhauser.In the first part of this dissertation the synthesis of 2-styrylchromones, 5- hydroxy-2-styrylchromones and benzyloxy-2-styrylchromones; and precursors of o-quinodimethane-type dienes, 2,2-dioxide of 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiofene, 2,2-dioxide of 4,7-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiofene and 6,6-dioxide of 2- methyl-4-methoxy-5,7-dihydrotiene[3,4-d]pyrimidine is reported. In the second part we report the study on Diels-Alder reactions of 2- styrylchromones with dienes generated “in situ”, by extrusion of sulphur dioxide, from sulphones, both referred above. These results allow us to discuss the reactivity of 2-styrylchromones as dienophiles in Diels-Alder reactions according their substitutents and establishing new synthetic methods for 2-[2- (3-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl)]-chromones, 2-[2-(3-aryl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphthyl)]-5-hydroxychromones, 2-{2-[3-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)-5,8- dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl]}-benzyloxychromones, 2-[6-(7-phenyl-2- methyl-4-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolyl)]-chromones, 2-[7-(6-phenyl-2- methyl-4-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolyl)]-chromones, 2-[6-(7-phenyl-2- methyl-4-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolyl)]-5-hydroxychromones and 2-[7- (6-phenyl-2-methyl-4-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolyl)]-5- hydroxychromones. In the third part we report the study on dehydrogenation reactions of the synthesised cicloadducts to obtain the 2-[2-(3-arylnaphthyl)]chromones, 2-[2- (3-arylnaphthyl)]-5-hydroxychromones, 2-{2-[3-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)-5,8- dimethoxynaphthyl]}benzyloxychromones, 2-[6-(7-phenyl-2-methyl-4- methoxyquinazolyl)]chromones, 2-[7-(6-phenyl-2-methyl-4-methoxyquinazolyl)] chromones, 2-[6-(7-phenyl-2-methyl-4-methoxyquinazolyl)]-5- hydroxychromones and 2-[7-(6-phenyl-2-methyl-4-methoxyquinazolyl)]-5- hydroxychromones. All synthesised compounds were characterised using modern analytical techniques, with special emphasis on exhaustive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies. The NMR methods used include 1H, 13C, two dimensional homonuclear and heteronuclear correlated spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser effect experiments.FCTFSEPOCT

Novel Urban Ecosystems: Opportunities from and to Landscape Architecture

Novel assemblages of biotic, abiotic, and social components resulting from human-induced actions (e.g., climate change, land-use change, species movement) have been labeled as “Novel Ecosystems”, or “Novel Urban Ecosystems” when emerging in urban contexts. This concept has been shifting perspectives among some scientists and making them question traditional values about human-nature interactions in a rapidly changing era dominated by anthropogenic actions (Anthropocene). Controversial dimensions surrounding the Novel Ecosystems and Novel Urban Ecosystems terms may be preventing the evolution and further research of these concepts. The environmental problems that our society will soon face support a search for innovative solutions and transdisciplinary efforts. For that reason, this discussion should not cease, rather should expand to other fields of knowledge that can contribute with pertinent insights and collaborations. This way, this short communication aims to reflect on the opportunities from Landscape Architecture to the discussion, research, and application of the novel ecosystems concepts in the real world, particularly in the urban landscape, and also reflect on the opportunities of this debate to the Landscape Architecture field. Ultimately, Landscape Architecture can contribute with innovative and creative perspectives, acceding valuable and advanced tools, facilitating dialogues between fields of knowledge, and bridging gaps between science, people, and nature

Tetrahydroquinazoline-substituted chromones from Diels–Alder reaction of (E)-2-styrylchromones and pyrimidine ortho-quinodimethane

The Diels-Alder reaction of (E)-2-styrylchromones with a pyrimidine ortho-quinodimethane is reported for the first time. These cycloaddition reactions afford mixtures of two regioisomeric tetrahydroquinazoline-substituted chromones in moderate to excellent global yields. Irrespectively of the substituents on the 2-styrylchromones, the 2-(7-aryl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)chromone derivatives are always the major isomers

Between tree lovers and tree haters. Drivers of public perception regarding street trees and its implications on the urban green infrastructure planning

Street trees can play an important role in the urban green infrastructure (UGI). However, changes in the urban fabric often have perverse effects on the structure, diversity, and performance of street trees, and, consequently, on their perception by the public. This research explores public perception of the current street tree adequacy in a coastal neighborhood of Porto that went through a major densification in its urban fabric during the second half of the 20th century. The research methodology included: i) a survey to evaluate public perception of tree services and disservices, and public perception of the adequacy of street trees in the study area; and ii) two Logit models relating public perception of tree services with the characteristics of respondents and streets. 96% of the respondents self-reported as tree lovers. However, more than 30% found the street trees of the study area inadequate to the present urban fabric and 5% have already made a complaint to the municipality. Characteristics of respondents and streets affect respondent’s perceptions. Education plays a key role in the acknowledgment of tree services. Older respondents are more likely to perceive trees as dangerous. Respondents who live on streets dominated by Black Poplar are more likely to dislike trees. Results implications on UGI planning and design advise an adjustment of tree dimensions to street dimensions, an increase in street tree diversity, and an improved street planting design. Results also suggest that an investment in education and information could lead to conflict mitigation.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio