Global positioning system based spatial and temporal distribution of new leaf curl begomovirus disease on sunflower in Northern Karnataka

Leaf curl disease on sunflower caused by begomovirus genus of the family geminiviridae. Present investigations on field survey for disease incidence, field diagnostic symptoms and its spatial and temporal distribution in major sunflower growing parts of North Eastern Karnataka through GPS system during 2013-14, revealed that the disease was found to occur at all the stages of sunflower under field condition and exhibited symptoms such as vein thickening (enations) on abaxial surface of the leaves, upward curling and reduction in leaf size and severe discoluration of capitulum (Head) followed by bushy appearance. GPS based survey indicated that the % disease incidence varied from location to location (spatial variation) and also from season to season (temporal variation). The low incidence was noticed during Kharif condition which is ranged between 6.34-11.16, with the average incidence of 11.2%, 7.4% and 6.3% in Koppal, Raichur and Ballari districts repectively. Whereas during Rabi/summer season, high magnitude of disease noticed in many of the locations surveyed and is recorded upto 92.9 %. The GPS maps plotted based on PDI scale (0-3) represents high risk areas of the disease in Raichur and adjacent areas of Nort Eastern Karnataka and the result shows that the disease occurrence was more in rabi as compared to Kharif situations irrespective of locations. GPS survey map is an indicator to locate the nature of disease spread so as to conclude the hotspot areas

Linear polarization structures in LOFAR observations of the interstellar medium in the 3C 196 field

This study aims to characterize linear polarization structures in LOFAR observations of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the 3C196 field, one of the primary fields of the LOFAR-Epoch of Reionization key science project. We have used the high band antennas (HBA) of LOFAR to image this region and Rotation Measure (RM) synthesis to unravel the distribution of polarized structures in Faraday depth. The brightness temperature of the detected Galactic emission is 5−15 K in polarized intensity and covers the range from -3 to +8 rad m−2 in Faraday depth. The most interesting morphological feature is a strikingly straight filament at a Faraday depth of +0.5 rad m−2 running from north to south, right through the centre of the field and parallel to the Galactic plane. There is also an interesting system of linear depolarization canals conspicuous in an image showing the peaks of Faraday spectra. We used the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at 350 MHz to image the same region. For the first time, we see some common morphology in the RM cubes made at 150 and 350~{; ; \rm MHz}; ; . There is no indication of diffuse emission in total intensity in the interferometric data, in line with results at higher frequencies and previous LOFAR observations. Based on our results, we determined physical parameters of the ISM and proposed a simple model that may explain the observed distribution of the intervening magneto- ionic medium. The mean line-of-sight magnetic field component, B∥, is determined to be 0.3±0.1 μG and its spatial variation across the 3C196 field is 0.1 μG. The filamentary structure is probably an ionized filament in the ISM, located somewhere within the Local Bubble. This filamentary structure shows an excess in thermal electron density (neB∥>6.2 cm−3μG) compared to its surroundings

Unconventional Cosmology

I review two cosmological paradigms which are alternative to the current inflationary scenario. The first alternative is the "matter bounce", a non-singular bouncing cosmology with a matter-dominated phase of contraction. The second is an "emergent" scenario, which can be implemented in the context of "string gas cosmology". I will compare these scenarios with the inflationary one and demonstrate that all three lead to an approximately scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations.Comment: 45 pages, 10 figures; invited lectures at the 6th Aegean Summer School "Quantum Gravity and Quantum Cosmology", Chora, Naxos, Greece, Sept. 12 - 17 2012, to be publ. in the proceedings; these lecture notes form an updated version of arXiv:1003.1745 and arXiv:1103.227

Дослідження моделювання постійного, змінного та перехідного струмів кантілівера MEMS

Робота присвячена дослідженню моделювання постійного, змінного та перехідного струмів кантілівера MEMS. У роботі моделюється прямокутна система відкритого типу. У даному випадку ми змінювали довжину кантілівера MEMS (платиновий електрод) і вивчали його вплив у наступних випадках: i) вплив напруги на ємність і положення променю (аналіз постійного струму), ii) положення променю у часовій області, ємність і напруга (аналіз змінного струму) та iii) положення променю у часовій області, ємність і напруга (аналіз перехідних процесів). Результати показали, що довжина активного електрода кантілівера MEMS значно впливає на продуктивність MEMS. Крім того, напруга на кантілівері MEMS лінійно зростає з часом і виявилося, що вона не залежить від довжини електрода і діелектричних матеріалів, які використовувалися в розглянутій системі.The present reports deals with the DC, AC, and transient simulation study of MEMS cantilever. The open-ended rectangular system is simulated in the present investigation. In the present case, we have varied the length of MEMS cantilever (platinum electrode) and studied its effect on the following cases: i) the effect of voltage on the capacitance and beam position (DC analysis), ii) time domain beam position, capacitance, and voltage (AC analysis), and iii) time domain beam position, capacitance, and voltage (transient analysis). The results suggested that the length of an active electrode of MEMS cantilever significantly affects the MEMS performance. In addition, the voltage of MEMS cantilever linearly increases with respect to time and it was found to be independent of the electrode length and dielectric materials, which were used in the considered system

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Not AvailableBacterial diseases cause severe economic losses in aquaculture. Well-timed therapeutic interventions with suitable doses of antimicrobials are crucial for minimizing these economic losses (Stentiford et al., 2012). For this, knowledge of the drug efficacy against major pathogens of each targeted host is critical so that overdosing and using ineffective drugs can be avoided. Nevertheless, information on the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobials in most tropical marine fish is lacking. Among the four recommended antimicrobials for aquaculture by USFDA (2008), florfenicol (FFC) is usually preferred. In vivo efficacy of FFC against certain aquatic pathogens, including Vibrio harveyi (Parmar, Yusufzai, Parmar, Nanjiyani, & Chavda, 2018) has been proved in several freshwater fish (Darwish 2007; Gaunt et al., 2004; Soto, Endris, & Hawke, 2010), but in a limited marine fish (Feng, Ruan, Chen, Luo, & Dong, 2018; Kogiannou, Nikoloudaki, Katharios, Triga, & Rigos, 2021). Among the high-value cultivable marine tropical finfishes, Trachinotus blochii is a promising species (FAO, 2021). Incidences of infectious diseases, especially vibriosis, however, hamper successful farming practices. While biosafety and tissue residue of oxytetracycline were evaluated in T. blochii (Sharma et al., 2021), in vivo efficacy information is lacking in this species. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate in vivo therapeutic efficacy of FFC in T. blochii against experimental V. harveyi infection.Not Availabl