Interface induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/CoO/Co thin film structure: An in-situ MOKE investigation

Co /CoO/Co polycrystalline film was grown on Si (001) substrate and magnetic properties have been investigated using in-situ magneto-optic Kerr effect during growth of the sample. Magnetic anisotropy with easy axis perpendicular to the film surface has been observed in top Co layer, whereas bottom layer was found to be soft with in-plane magnetization without any influence of top layer. Ex-situ in-plane and out-of-plane diffraction measurements revealed that the growth of Co on oxidized interface takes place with preferential orientation of c-axis perpendicular to the film plane, which results in the observed perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Texturing of the c-axis is expected to be a result of minimization of the interface energy due to hybridization between Co and oxygen at the interface.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, under review in IOP journa

Uremic serum-induced calcification of human aortic smooth muscle cells is a regulated process involving Klotho and RUNX2

© 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).Vascular calcification (VC) is common in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is an active process involving transdifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into osteogenic phenotype. We investigated the ability of serum from CKD subjects to induce calcification in human SMCs in vitro (calcific potential of sera: CP), and associated changes in expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), SM22a, and Klotho. Sera from subjects with CKD (18 stage 3, 17 stage 4/5, and 29 stage 5D) and 20 controls were added to human cultured SMCs and CP quantified. The CP of CKD sera was greater (P>0.01) than that of controls, though not influenced by CKD stage. Modification of diet in renal disease estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD-4 eGFR) (P>0.001), serum phosphate (P=0.042), receptor activator of nuclear factor ?appa-B ligand (RANKL) (P=0.001), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P=0.014), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/cholesterol ratio (P=0.026) were independent predictors of CP accounting for 45% of variation. Adding calcification buffer (CB: calcium chloride [7 mM] and β-glycerophosphate [7 mM]) increased the CP of control sera to approximate that of CKD sera. CP of CKD sera was unchanged. CKD sera increased RUNX2 expression (P>0.01) in human SMCs and decreased SM22a expression (P>0.05). Co-incubating control but not CKD serum with CB further increased RUNX2 expression (P>0.01). Both SM22a and Klotho expression decreased significantly (P>0.01) in the presence of CKD serum, and were virtually abolished with stage 5D sera. These findings support active regulation by CKD serum of in vitro VC by induction of RUNX2 and suppression of SM22a and Klotho.Peer reviewe

Production Potential of Different Pasture Grasses under Off-Season Rainfall in Arid Conditions of Bikaner, India

Livestock rearing is the important source of livelihood in arid region of Rajasthan where the crop production is unstable due to low and erratic rainfall. The rangelands and pastures are important land use system and provide main support to the livestock in the arid region of Rajasthan. Grazing of livestock is a common practice in arid zone as about 50 % of total area of western Rajasthan is available for grazing mainly for cows, sheep and goat, however, the availability of green fodder is restricted to monsoon and post monsoon months only and during rest of the period livestock graze on dry grasses and crop residues available in cultivated, fallow and wastelands and other grazing lands. The perennial grasses like Lasiurus sindicus, Cenchrus ciliaris, C. setigerus, Panicum turgidum, P. antidotale etc. with some annuals are dominated in the rangelands and pastures in the arid zone of Rajasthan. Generally these grasses are grown during rainy season but also regenerated during off-season condition when sufficient moisture is available through rainfall or irrigation and provide fodder during the lean period. Productivity of these pasture grasses were assessed during rainy season but information of the production potential during off-season is not available in literature. Therefore, present study was conducted during March to May 2015 at Arid Region Campus of CSWRI, Bikaner to assess the production potential and regeneration of different grasses during off-season under arid condition

Overview on K-anonymity Model for Overlapped Attributes

K-anonymity model is mostly used technique of privacy preserving data publishing. In K-anonymity model data is converted into anonymous state. So, that adversary can’t be able to disclose sensitive information about the user. Generalization and suppression are most commonly used anonymity technique, but generalization contains some drawbacks i.e. generalization disturbs correlations between attributes. In this paper a novel model is proposed which uses generalization technique specially to maintain correlation among overlapped attributes and way to reduce dimensionality of data set. Experimental evaluation section shows efficiency and correctness of proposed model

A Modified Approch Audio Stagnography Based On Technique LSB Coding

Information security is becoming very important part of our life now-a-days. Information hiding is the fundamental of information security. Information hiding can be achieved by steganography as well. This paper presents a modified method of audio stegnography. Audio steganography is the technique of hiding secret information in the audio files. nbspWe have presented a high capacity and high stego-signal quality audio steganography scheme based on samples comparison in DWT domain where selected coefficient of a segment are compared with pre determined threshold value T and based on comparison bits are embedded. The strength of our algorithm is depend on the segment size andnbsp their strength are enabled the algorithm to achieve very high embedding capacity for different data type that can reach up to 25%nbsp from the input audio file size with lest of 35 dBnbsp SNR for the output stego signal. Further we have tabulated the result and the conclusion is made on the basis of the obtained results