A CRITICAL REVIEW ON DIFFERENT DASHAMOOLADI KWATH YOGA

Dashamoola is useful herbal combinationof roots of ten plants. This combination has been used in various dosage forms i.e. Taila, Ghrit, Avaleha, Kshirapaka, Arishta, Kwatha etc., but Kwatha form is extensively described and used by ancient and recent Acharyas. The aim of the study is to compile Dashamoola Kwatha formulations along with the selection and role of Prakshep dravya in different diseased conditions regarding Dashamoola and Dashamooladikwatha (Dashamoola kwatha with additional ingredients). In this review study, Dashamoola Kwatha; with Prakshep dravya and Dashamoola Kwatha with other additional Dravyas which are up to ten were selected from 32 classical texts. Total 30, 38 and 99 references were found for Dashamoola kwatha, Dashamoola kwatha with Prakshep dravya and Dashamooladikwatha respectively without repetition. Dashamoolakwatha is found most effective on Amajanya, Avruttavatajanya, Santarpanottha, Amapakwashyasamuttha vyadhis. By adding additional dravyas either Kwathya or Pakshepa to Dashamoola kwatha efficacy of the formulations and its spectrum is found to be increased

Ethnomedical uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.: A Scoping Review

A surge in laboratory research into the pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds, as well as their potential to cure a wide range of ailments, has resulted in an influx of new herbal medications and extracts onto the international market in recent years. D. gangaticum (L.) (DG), one of the essential herbs of Indian traditional system of medicines is part of many essential formulations viz. "Dashamoola" and is used to treat various diseases. It is a perennial herb, locally known as "Shalparni" (Hindi) in India and also reported in many other tropical countries. This review presents the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical effectiveness of D. gangaticum Literature was systematically searched through various databases, journals and gray literature through electronic and manual search. Collected data was further critically reviewed and summarized in this paper. It contains many bio-active phytochemicals viz. gangeticoside, leonuriside A, tortoside A, dehydrosoyasaponin, gangetin, gangetinin, desmocarpin, desmodin etc. among them, some have drug likeliness properties. Critical literature analysis revealed that it possessed many pharmacological activities viz. anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti- oxidant, cardioprotective, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective anti- bacterial, and anti-amnesic activities. Despite a large number of traditional therapeutic uses, D. gangaticum was evaluated for limited therapeutic efficacy through clinical trials and evidence suggested it may have therapeutic benefits on bronchitis, gout, hypertension. The biochemical and physiological mechanisms involved in the different biological effects exhibited by it need to be investigated. The herb should be investigated further, focusing on pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Well-designed Randomized Controlled trials (RCTs) should be conducted to support its therapeutic use

Variants of Tribulus species – a scientific study through DNA RAPD – molecular characterization

Gokshura a well-known drug in Ayurveda which is extensively used in many disease conditions like dysuria, asthma, diabetes, cough, oedema, cardiac disorders etc. Tribulus terrestris (Family – Zygophyllaceae) is an official source of Gokshura as per API. Five species of genus Tribulus are found throughout India with a slight morphological difference. In this study, three different species of Tribulus genus from different regions were subjected for molecular characterization by RAPD method. Analysis showed that three different samples gave clearly similar banding pattern with each of the random primers used and 80% similarity between the three samples were observed when the results were subjected to band scoring and analysis with clustering. Even through the micromorpholgical observations showed differentiating characters in mature carpels and intrastaminal glands of the selected species

Primary Psoas Abscess in an Immunocompromised Patient Caused by Streptococcus intermedius and Escherichia coli

Psoas abscess is a rare medical disease. Streptococcus intermedius is a commensal of the mouth and the upper respiratory tract but can cause various pyogenic infections especially liver and brain abscesses but rarely muscular abscess even in an immunocompromised host. We report a case of primary psoas abscess in a HIV positive patient caused by Streptococcus intermedius along with Escherichia coli. The patient responded well to antibiotic treatment along with percutaneous abscess drainage

Multi-Institutional Study Validates Safety of Intraoperative Cesium-131 Brachytherapy for Treatment of Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer

Introduction: Surgery is the primary treatment for resectable, non-metastatic recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We explore the safety and oncologic benefit of intraoperative Cesium-131 (Cs-131) brachytherapy combined with salvage local and/or regional surgical resection. Methods and materials: Findings were reported from a single arm multi-institutional prospective phase 1/2 trial involving surgery plus Cs-131 (surgery + Cs-131) treatment. The results of two retrospective cohorts-surgery alone and surgery plus intensity modulated radiation therapy (surgery + ReIMRT)-were also described. Included patients had recurrent HNSCC and radiation history. Safety, tumor re-occurrence, and survival were evaluated. Results: Forty-nine patients were enrolled in the surgery + Cs-131 prospective study. Grade 1 to 3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 18 patients (37%), and grade 4 AEs occurred in 2 patients. Postoperative percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes were needed in 10 surgery + Cs-131 patients (20%), and wound and vascular complications were observed in 12 patients (24%). No cases of osteoradionecrosis were reported in the surgery + Cs-131 cohort. We found a 49% 2-year disease-free survival at the site of treatment with a substantial number of patients (31%) developing metastatic disease, which led to a 31% overall survival at 5 years. Conclusions: Among patients with local/regional recurrent HNSCC status-post radiation, surgery + Cs-131 demonstrated acceptable safety with compelling oncologic outcomes, as compared to historic control cohorts. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT02794675 and NCT02467738

Identification of fruits of Tribulus terrestris Linn. and Pedalium murex Linn.: A pharmacognostical approach

Gokshura is a well-known Ayurvedic drug that is used in many preparations. Botonically it is identified as Tribulus terrestris Linn., especially the roots and fruits of the plant. But instead the fruits of another plant Pedalium murex Linn. are commonly used and the drug is frequently substituted. Pharmacognostical study has been carried out to identify the distinguishing features, both morphological and microscopic, of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris Linn. and Pedalium murex Linn. This knowledge should help reduce the problem of substitution of the genuine drug

Copolyesters based on s-triazine moiety: Synthesis and characterization

885-891Ten copolyesters have been synthesized by high temperature polycondensation of 2-(β-naphthylamino)-4,6-bis(naphthoxy-3-carbonyl chloride)-s-triazine [NANCCT] with each of the mixture of diols:[Bisphenol-A(BPA)+ Bisphenol-C(BPC)], [BPA+Hydroquinone(Hq)], [BPA+1,5-Dihydroy naphthalene(1,5-DHN)], [BPA+1,4–Dihydroy anthraquinone(1,4-DHA)], [BPA+Catechol(C)], [BPA+Resorcinol(R)], [BPA+Ph], [Ph+1,4-DHA], [Ph+C] and [Ph+R]. All the copolyesters have been characterized by solubility, density, viscosity measurements, IR and NMR spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the copolyesters are soluble at high temperature in acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMA), etc. and have reduced viscosity in the range 0.400-0.641 dL/g in DMF at 30ºC. Copolyester derived from diol mixture[BPA+1,4-DHA] show greater thermal stability than the other copolyesters

Neurotoxic Effect of Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Possible Association with 6-Hydroxydopamine Induced Neurobehavioral Changes during Early Adolescence Period in Rats

Exposure to persistent genotoxicants like benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) during postnatal days causes neurobehavioral changes in animal models. However, neurotoxic potential of B[a]P and its association with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced neurobehavioral changes are yet to be explored. The growth of rat brain peaks at the first week of birth and continues up to one month with the attainment of adolescence. Hence, the present study was conducted on male Wistar rats at postnatal day 5 (PND 5) following single intracisternal administration of B[a]P to compare with neurobehavioral and neurotransmitter changes induced by 6-OHDA at PND 30. Spontaneous motor activity was significantly increased by 6-OHDA showing similar trend following B[a]P administration. Total distance travelled in novel open field arena and elevated plus maze was significantly increased following B[a]P and 6-OHDA administration. Neurotransmitter estimation showed significant alleviation of dopamine in striatum following B[a]P and 6-OHDA administration. Histopathological studies of striatum by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed the neurodegenerative potential of B[a]P and 6-OHDA. Our results indicate that B[a]P-induced spontaneous motor hyperactivity in rats showed symptomatic similarities with 6-OHDA. In conclusion, early postnatal exposure to B[a]P in rats causing neurobehavioral changes may lead to serious neurodegenerative consequences during adolescence

LC-MS Analysis of Kigelia Pinnata (JACQ) DC. Root Bark- A Multi-Potent Medicinal Plant

Phytochemicals of the plants have significant role in drug development for treatment of human diseases. Majority population in Africa, Asia and Latin America use plant based medicines. Kigelia pinnata DC. is a reputed African folklore drug and now abundantly found throughout India. It belongs to the family Bignoniaceae and used in different disease conditions traditionally. Out of various parts used, root bark owns medicinal properties like gynaecological complaints for fibroid, cancer of uterus and also reported biological activities such as antimalarial activity, antiprotozoal activity, antioxidant activity etc. The study was carried out for detailed exploration of biological active components in root bark extract of K. pinnata through Liquid chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (LC/MS). It was performed on ESI ionization mode using both polarities. Total 63 known compounds are found from positive and negative mode. The molecules are derived from class group as terpenoid, flavonoids, phenols, glycoside and others which possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic type of biological activities. This work therefore uncovers the phytochemical profile of K.pinnata root bark emphasizing their medicinal properties against important human diseases

Study on the diuretic activity of Veerataru Kwatha in albino rats

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diuretic activity of Veerataru [Dichrostachys cinerea (Linn.)] Kwatha in experimental animals by following the standard procedure. Randomly selected animals were divided into three groups of six animals each. The root of Veerataru was administered orally in the form of Kwatha at a dose of 5.4 and 10.8 ml/kg. Parameters like volume of urine, pH of urine and urinary electrolyte concentrations like sodium, potassium and chloride were studied. Veerataru Kwatha increased the urine output in a dose-dependent manner. However, it did not affect the urinary electrolyte concentrations. From the present study, it can be concluded that the root of Veerataru has diuretic property