From magistrates of the Kingdom of Majorca to aldermen. The selection of the first aldermen of Palma council

La supresión del sistema insaculatorio en la elección de los dirigentes municipales exigió que la Cámara de Castilla solicitase al comandante general y a la Real Audiencia de Mallorca un informe conjunto de los candidatos a regidores del consistorio palmesano. Debían cumplir dos requisitos: lealtad a Felipe V durante la guerra de Sucesión y pertenecer a la nobleza. Las diferencias protocolarias entre ambas autoridades impidieron la realización de un único informe. Fueron elegidos todos los regidores designados por la Real Audiencia y sólo algunos de los escogidos por el comandante general.The abolition of the “insaculatorio” system for the election of municipal leaders demanded the House of Castile to ask to the Major General and to the Royal Court of Majorca to make a report together about the candidates to alderman for Palma town council. The aldermen should fulfill two requirements: they must be loyal to Philip V during the Succession war and they should belong to the nobility. The disagreements between the two authorities prevented the execution of a single report. All the aldermen choosen by the Royal Court and only a few aldermen choosen by the Major General were selected

Hospicios y expósitos en Mallorca durante el siglo XVIII (1701-1812)

El presente artículo es una aportación al estudio de los hospicios y expósitos en Mallorca durante el siglo XVIII. Con él se pretende dar a conocer las dos principales instituciones que atendieron a los niños abandonados hasta 1812. Por un lado, reconstruimos el funcionamiento de la sala de expósitos del Hospital General. Por otro, la Casa General de Expósitos de Mallorca fundada en 1798 por gracia de Carlos IV e impulso del obispo Bernardo Nadal Crespí. El artículo también incluye un análisis sobre las causas y tipos de abandono y las nodrizas de los expósitos

GESTÃO EDUCACIONAL: DIFERENCIAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES, DIVERSIFICAÇÃO DE CURSOS E OS CURSOS SUPERIORES DE TECNOLOGIA

O trabalho tem o objetivo de explorar a gestão educacional nas categorias da diferenciação na organização administrativa das Instituições de Ensino Superior - IES e a diversificação nos modelos de graduação caracterizada nos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia. O trabalho procura abordar as características do cenário educacional brasileiro na perspectiva da diferenciação e diversificação, analisando: as mudanças na gestão das IES; as tendências dos modelos educacionais internacionais; o atendimento às exigências do mercado de trabalho; a expansão dos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia; e as características dos Superiores de Tecnologia na perspectiva da diversificação de modelos de formação superior. O artigo conta com a pesquisa bibliográfica e as entrevistas realizadas nas instituições de ensino Universidade de Santo Amaro - UNISA (privada) e Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza - CEETEPS (pública) com os Coordenadores do Curso Superiores de Tecnologia

Biotechnological approaches to increase biomass production in trees

Nutrient use efficiency is one of the factors influencing growth and therefore of high importance for biomass production in trees. Poplar is a model tree widely used for molecular and functional studies and the characterization of transgenic poplars overexpressing structural and regulatory genes involved in glutamine biosynthesis has provided insights on how glutamine metabolism is involved in N economy and biomass production in woody plant models. Numerous studies have shown the relevance of GS isoenzymes in plant development, biomass production, and yield (Cánovas et al. 2006; Castro-Rodríguez et al. 2015). In this communication two examples of functional analysis of plant genes in poplar, and their potential interest for biotechnological approaches are presented (Pascual et al. 2018; Rueda-López et al. 2017). Overexpression of cytosolic NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), one of the major enzymes involved in the production of 2-oxoglutarate for amino acid biosynthesis in plants, yields poplar trees with increased growth and enhanced vascular development in young leaves and apical stems. These plants also show an increased expression of genes associated with vascular differentiation and altered amino acids and organic acids content (Pascual et al. 2018). In other study, we observed that overexpression of Dof5, a transcriptional regulator of lignin production and the carbon-nitrogen balance, produced poplar trees with increased growth and biomass production when N availability in the soil is sufficient (Rueda-López et al. 2017). Taken together, these results suggest a close relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and highlights the relevance of glutamine and glutamate biosynthesis in the control of growth and development. Research supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Junta de Andalucía (Grants BIO2015-69285-R, BIO2012-0474 and research group BIO-114).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Quasi-ideal dynamics of vortex solitons embedded in flattop nonlinear Bessel beams

[EN] The applications of vortex solitons are severely limited by the diffraction and self-defocusing spreading of the background beam where they are nested. Nonlinear Bessel beams in self-defocusing media are nondiffracting, flattop beams where the nested vortex solitons can survive for propagation distances that are one order of magnitude larger than in the Gaussian or super-Gaussian beams. The dynamics of the vortex solitons is studied numerically and found to approach that in the ideal, uniform background, preventing vortex spiraling and decay, which eases vortex steering for applications.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (MTM2015-63914-P); National Science Foundation (NSF) (0968895, 1102301, 1263236).Porras, MA.; Ramos Pascual, F. (2017). Quasi-ideal dynamics of vortex solitons embedded in flattop nonlinear Bessel beams. OPTICS LETTERS. 42(17):3275-3278. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.42.003275S32753278421

Transcriptional regulation os phenylalaline biosynthesis and utilization

Conifer trees divert large quantities of carbon into the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, particularly to generate lignin, an important constituent of wood. Since phenylalanine is the precursor for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the precise regulation of phenylalanine synthesis and utilization should occur simultaneously. This crucial pathway is finely regulated primarily at the transcriptional level. Transcriptome analyses indicate that the transcription factors (TFs) preferentially expressed during wood formation in plants belong to the MYB and NAC families. Craven-Bartle et al. (2013) have shown in conifers that Myb8 is a candidate regulator of key genes in phenylalanine biosynthesis involved in the supply of the phenylpropane carbon skeleton necessary for lignin biosynthesis. This TF is able to bind AC elements present in the promoter regions of these genes to activate transcription. Constitutive overexpression of Myb8 in white spruce increased secondary-wall thickening and led to ectopic lignin deposition (Bomal et al. 2008). In Arabidopsis, the transcriptional network controlling secondary cell wall involves NAC-domain regulators operating upstream Myb transcription factors. Functional orthologues of members of this network described have been identified in poplar and eucalyptus, but in conifers functional evidence had only been obtained for MYBs. We have identified in the P. pinaster genome 37 genes encoding NAC proteins, which 3 NAC proteins could be potential candidates to be involved in vascular development (Pascual et al. 2015). The understanding of the transcriptional regulatory network associated to phenylpropanoids and lignin biosynthesis in conifers is crucial for future applications in tree improvement and sustainable forest management. This work is supported by the projects BIO2012-33797, BIO2015-69285-R and BIO-474 References: Bomal C, et al. (2008) Involvement of Pinus taeda MYB1 and MYB8 in phenylpropanoid metabolism and secondary cell wall biogenesis: a comparative in planta analysis. J Exp Bot. 59: 3925-3939. Craven-Bartle B, et al. (2013) A Myb transcription factor regulates genes of the phenylalanine pathway in maritime pine. Plant J, 74: 755-766. Pascual MB, et al. (2015) The NAC transcription factor family in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster): molecular regulation of two genes involved in stress responses. BMC Plant Biol, 15: 254.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech