El proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en educación infantil

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020En este trabajo se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre la importancia del proceso lectoescritor y las distintas metodologías de enseñanza de la lectoescritura en la etapa de Educación Infantil. Para desarrollar el trabajo, se ha investigado tanto los métodos que se han utilizado hasta ahora en la enseñanza de la lectoescritura, sus ventajas e inconvenientes, las aportaciones actuales de las teorías del aprendizaje en este tema, así como la edad más conveniente para iniciar el proceso lectoescritor y el papel que desempeña tanto el profesorado como el alumnado dependiendo del modelo educativo que se lleve a cabo. A lo largo del mismo, se llega a la conclusión de que no existe un método de enseñanza específico del proceso lectoescritor, ya que la mejor manera de aprender a leer y escribir será alentar a los estudiantes a comenzar desde la experiencia, estimular sus descubrimientos y hacerlos significativos para los niños y niñas, para que se conviertan en los protagonistas de su propio aprendizaje en lugar de centrarse simplemente en el tema pasivo de las instrucciones unidireccionales del profesorado.In this work, a bibliographical review is carried out on the importance of the readingwriting process and the different methodologies of teaching reading-writing in the Early Childhood Education stage. To develop the work, both the methods that have been used so far in the teaching of literacy, their advantages and disadvantages, the current contributions of the learning theories on this topic, as well as the most convenient age to start the reading and writing process and the role played by teachers and students according to the educational model that is carried out. Throughout it, it is concluded that there is no specific teaching method of the literate process, since it will be important to take into account that the best method of learning literacy will be one that motivates students, because the best way to learn to read and write will be to encourage students to start from experience, stimulate their discoveries and make them meaningful to children, so that they become the protagonists of their own learning rather than simply focusing on the passive topic of teachers' one-way instructions

The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM-P8) as a model for the study of vascular functional alterations during aging

We studied vascular function in quiescent aortas from senescence- accelerated resistant (SAM-R1) and prone (SAM-P8) mice. Myographical studies of thoracic aorta segments from 6-7 month-old mice showed that the contractility of SAM-P8 aortas was markedly higher than that of SAM-R1 after KCl depolarization or phenylephrine addition. Acetylcholine dose-response relaxation curves revealed that SAM-R1 vessels were slightly more sensitive than those of SAM-P8. In the presence of the NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, all vessels displayed contractions to acetylcholine, but these were more distinct in the SAM-R1. Phenylephrine plus L-NAME displayed stronger contractions in both animal strains, but were markedly more pronounced in SAM-R1. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin did not change the vessel responses to acetylcholine or phenylephrine. These data indicate that NO synthase, not cyclooxygenase, was responsible for the differences in contractility. Standard histology and immunohistochemistry of endothelial NO synthase revealed no differences in the expression of this protein. In contrast, increased levels of malondialdehyde were found in SAM-P8 vessels. We conclude that SAM-P8 vessels exhibit higher contractility than those of SAM-R1. Furthermore, our results suggest that the endothelium of SAM-P8 vessels is dysfunctional and lacks normal capability to counteract smooth muscle contraction. Therefore, our findings support SAM-P8 as a suitable model for the study of vascular physiological changes during agingAcknowledgments This work was supported by: The Spanish Ministry of Science (SAF2005-02157 and SAF2005-07919-C02-01), JCCM (04048-00 and 04005-00) and FIS-FEDER (01/3018). A.P-M. and Y.M. were supported by grants from JCCM (JI 03001 and 06016-00). We thank M.A. Olivares and A. Pérez (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete) and A.L. Salewski for English revision of the manuscript

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of juvenile Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) farmed in suspended lanterns in a North Italian lagoon

To evaluate the effect of stocking density on pre-fattening growth and survival, Manila clam seeds from three different batches (B1, B2, and B3) were farmed in plastic net lanterns at two sites (western and northern) in Sacca degli Scardovari (Italy). Different stocking densities were compared, i.e. EXTRA (50,000 clams m−2), HIGH (30,000), and MEDIUM (20,000) for B1 and B2 clams; HIGH, MEDIUM, and LOW (10,000 clams m−2) for B3 clams. At the end of pre-fattening at the western site, the shell length decreased with increasing stocking density of both B1 (14.2 mm vs. 13.6 mm vs. 12.9 mm at HIGH vs. MEDIUM vs. EXTRA density; P < 0.001) and B2 (14.9 mm vs. 13.6 mm vs. 12.5 mm at MEDIUM vs. HIGH vs. EXTRA density; P < 0.001) clams. At the northern site, the shell length decreased in the following manner: MEDIUM to HIGH to EXTRA density for B1 clams (P < 0.001) and MEDIUM to EXTRA to HIGH density for B2 clams (P < 0.001). The same trend was recorded for B3 clams at both western (16.1 mm vs. 14.3 mm vs. 12.7 mm at LOW vs. MEDIUM vs. HIGH density; P < 0.001) and northern (15.6 mm vs. 13.9 mm vs. 13.2 mm; P < 0.001) sites. The stocking density did not affect the survival rate at the northern site and of the B3 clams, whereas the survival rate significantly decreased from MEDIUM and HIGH to EXTRA density for B1 (84.8 % and 85.4 % vs. 52.8 %; P < 0.05) and B2 (92.5 % and 87.6 % vs. 67.0 %; P < 0.01) clams at the western site where pre-fattening ended one week later than at the northern site. In the present conditions, clams in suspended lanterns reached the minimum sowing size (shell length 11 mm, weight 0.3 g) in 10 weeks. However, an increase in stocking density decreased clam growth and drastically increased mortality when water conditions became less favourable

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis under Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Multi-Centre Study

Background: The EMCOVID project conducted a multi-centre cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in MS patients enrolled in the EMCOVID database. The DMTs were used to manage MS by reducing relapses, lesion accumulation, and disability progression. However, concerns arose regarding the susceptibility of pwMS to COVID-19 due to potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system, as well as the immunomodulatory effects of DMTs. Methods: This prospective observational study utilized data from a Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19 (EMCOVID-19) study. Demographic characteristics, MS history, laboratory data, SARS-CoV-2 serology, and symptoms of COVID-19 were extracted for pwMS receiving any type of DMT. The relationship between demographics, MS phenotype, DMTs, and COVID-19 was evaluated. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over a 6-month period was also assessed. Results: The study included 709 pwMS, with 376 patients providing samples at the 6-month follow-up visit. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was higher among pwMS than the general population, with Interferon treatment being significantly associated with greater seroprevalence (16.9% vs. 8.4%; p 0.003). However, no other specific DMT showed a significant association with antibody presence. A total of 32 patients (8.5%) tested positive for IgG, IgM, or IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at baseline, but then tested negative at 6 months. Most of the pwMS in the cohort were asymptomatic for COVID-19 and, even among symptomatic cases, the prognosis was generally favourable. Conclusion: pwMS undergoing DMTs exhibited a higher seroprevalence of COVID-19 than the general population. Interferon treatment was associated with a higher seroprevalence, suggesting a more robust humoral response. This study provides valuable insights into the seroprevalence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pwMS and contributes to our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 amongst this population

Influence of the length of hospitalisation in post-discharge outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: Results of the LOHRCA study.

To investigate the relationship between length of hospitalisation (LOH) and post-discharge outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF) patients and to ascertain whether there are different patterns according to department of initial hospitalisation. Consecutive AHF patients hospitalised in 41 Spanish centres were grouped based on the LOH (15 days). Outcomes were defined as 90-day post-discharge all-cause mortality, AHF readmissions, and the combination of both. Hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted by chronic conditions and severity of decompensation, were calculated for groups with LOH >6 days vs. LOH 6 days vs. LOH We included 8563 patients (mean age: 80 (SD = 10) years, 55.5% women), with a median LOH of 7 days (IQR 4-11): 2934 (34.3%) had a LOH 15 days. The 90-day post-discharge mortality was 11.4%, readmission 32.2%, and combined endpoint 37.4%. Mortality was increased by 36.5% (95%CI = 13.0-64.9) when LOH was 11-15 days, and by 72.0% (95%CI = 42.6-107.5) when >15 days. Conversely, no differences were found in readmission risk, and the combined endpoint only increased 21.6% (95%CI = 8.4-36.4) for LOH >15 days. Stratified analysis by hospitalisation departments rendered similar post-discharge outcomes, with all exhibiting increased mortality for LOH >15 days and no significant increments in readmission risk. Short hospitalisations are not associated with worse outcomes. While post-discharge readmissions are not affected by LOH, mortality risk increases as the LOH lengthens. These findings were similar across hospitalisation departments

Clinical phenotypes of acute heart failure based on signs and symptoms of perfusion and congestion at emergency department presentation and their relationship with patient management and outcomes

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) according to clinical profiles based on congestion and perfusion determined in the emergency department (ED). Methods and results Overall, 11 261 unselected AHF patients from 41 Spanish EDs were classified according to perfusion (normoperfusion = warm; hypoperfusion = cold) and congestion (not = dry; yes = wet). Baseline and decompensation characteristics were recorded as were the main wards to which patients were admitted. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were need for hospitalisation during the index AHF event, in-hospital all-cause mortality, prolonged hospitalisation, 7-day post-discharge ED revisit for AHF and 30-day post-discharge rehospitalisation for AHF. A total of 8558 patients (76.0%) were warm+ wet, 1929 (17.1%) cold+ wet, 675 (6.0%) warm+ dry, and 99 (0.9%) cold+ dry; hypoperfused (cold) patients were more frequently admitted to intensive care units and geriatrics departments, and warm+ wet patients were discharged home without admission. The four phenotypes differed in most of the baseline and decompensation characteristics. The 1-year mortality was 30.8%, and compared to warm+ dry, the adjusted hazard ratios were significantly increased for cold+ wet (1.660; 95% confidence interval 1.400-1.968) and cold+ dry (1.672; 95% confidence interval 1.189-2.351). Hypoperfused (cold) phenotypes also showed higher rates of index episode hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality, while congestive (wet) phenotypes had a higher risk of prolonged hospitalisation but decreased risk of rehospitalisation. No differences were observed among phenotypes in ED revisit risk. Conclusions Bedside clinical evaluation of congestion and perfusion of AHF patients upon ED arrival and classification according to phenotypic profiles proposed by the latest European Society of Cardiology guidelines provide useful complementary information and help to rapidly predict patient outcomes shortly after ED patient arrival

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele