A new type of doubly silylamido-bridged\ud cyclopentadienyl group 4 metal complexes

Doubly bridged di(silyl-η-amido)cyclopentadienyltitanium and -zirconium complexes and their related cations as the [(PhCH 2)B(C 6F 5) 3] - salts have been isolated (see structure of the Ti derivative). The neutral benzylzirconium complex was a very efficient catalyst in the presence of methylaluminoxane for producing high molecular weight polyethylene and ethylene-1-hexene copolymer

Dimensions of the Spanish tourist demand: characterization of the autonomous communities according to the motivation of Spanish travelers (2016)

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es la identificación de las dimensiones que motivan la demanda turística española, según la comunidad autónoma de destino, a partir de los viajes realizados por los viajeros españoles recogidos por la Encuesta de Turismo de Residentes (ETR) para el año 2016, que elabora el Instituto Nacional de Estadística. La naturaleza de los datos requiere el empleo de una metodología estadística apropiada: la técnica factorial denominada Análisis de Correspondencias Simples. Como resultado del análisis se han identificado dimensiones de demanda relacionadas con el ocio: búsqueda de sol y playa; turismo de naturaleza y/o deportivo, y turismo cultural. Y también dimensiones de motivación profesional y personal: motivos profesiones y visita a familiares y amigos. Estas dimensiones permiten distinguir y caracterizar las comunidades autónomas españolas según la demanda turística nacional, analizando también su posicionamiento competitivo relativo en relación con la diversidad y estructuración de su oferta turística. Los resultados obtenidos son punto de partida para otras investigaciones de años posteriores, dado que año analizado es el primero con datos completos según la metodología ETR.[EN] The objective of this study is to identify the dimensions that motivate Spanish tourist demand by autonomous community of destination, from the trips as made by Spanish travellers recorded by the Resident Tourism Survey (ETR) for the year 2016, as prepared by the National Statistics Institute. The nature of the data requires the use of appropriate statistical methodology: the factorial technique called Simple Correspondence Analysis. After this analysis, the dimensions of the demand related to leisure were identified as pursuit of sun and sand; nature and / or sports tourism, and cultural tourism together with professional reasons and personal dimensions of visits to family and friends. These dimensions allow us to characterise each Spanish autonomous community according to national tourism demand, and to analyse their relative competitive position in relation to the diversity and structure of their tourism offer. The results obtained are a starting point for other research in subsequent years, given that the year analysed is the first with complete RTE data.S

Dimensions of the Spanish tourist demand: characterization of the autonomous communities according to the motivation of Spanish travelers (2016)

El objetivo de este trabajo es la identificación de las dimensiones que motivan la demanda turística española, según la comunidad autónoma de destino, a partir de los viajes realizados por los viajeros españoles recogidos por la Encuesta de Turismo de Residentes (ETR) para el año 2016, que elabora el Instituto Nacional de Estadística. La naturaleza de los datos requiere el empleo de una metodología estadística apropiada: la técnica factorial denominada Análisis de Correspondencias Simples. Como resultado del análisis se han identificado dimensiones de demanda relacionadas con el ocio: búsqueda de sol y playa; turismo de naturaleza y/o deportivo, y turismo cultural. Y también dimensiones de motivación profesional y personal: motivos profesiones y visita a familiares y amigos. Estas dimensiones permiten distinguir y caracterizar las comunidades autónomas españolas según la demanda turística nacional, analizando también su posicionamiento competitivo relativo en relación con la diversidad y estructuración de su oferta turística. Los resultados obtenidos son punto de partida para otras investigaciones de años posteriores, dado que año analizado es el primero con datos completos según la metodología ETR.The objective of this study is to identify the dimensions that motivate Spanish tourist demand by autonomous community of destination, from the trips as made by Spanish travellers recorded by the Resident Tourism Survey (ETR) for the year 2016, as prepared by the National Statistics Institute. The nature of the data requires the use of appropriate statistical methodology: the factorial technique called Simple Correspon‐ dence Analysis. After this analysis, the dimensions of the demand related to leisure were identified as pursuit of sun and sand; nature and / or sports tourism, and cultural tourism together with professional reasons and personal dimensions of visits to family and friends. These dimensions allow us to characterise each Spanish autonomous community according to national tourism demand, and to analyse their relative competitive posi‐ tion in relation to the diversity and structure of their tourism offer. The results obtained are a starting point for other research in subsequent years, given that the year analysed is the first with complete RTE data

Clasificación y análisis de los procesos de cambio en la forma urbana de las áreas metropolitanas españolas: aplicación de métricas espaciales

Many studies have addressed the delimitation and classification of metropolitan areas (MAs) above the world, some of them focused on the Spanish MAs. However, there is still lack of studies addressing MAs classification through the analysis of the spatial patterns of the urban landcover. This study presents an analysis and classification of the spatial patterns for 46 MAs Spain using spatial metrics, PCA, and cluster analysis in 1990, 2000 and 2006. Finally, changes in groups identified allowed the inference of spatial patterns change processes. The authors believe this analysis may be useful for the metropolitan planning process.La delimitación y clasificación de las Áreas Metropolitanas ha sido objeto de múltiples estudios, no siendo el caso español ajeno a dicha realidad. No obstante, no son muchos los estudios que abordan esta clasificación a partir de la caracterización de los patrones espaciales que exhibe la ocupación urbana de dichas áreas. El presente estudio presenta un ejercicio de análisis de las formas de 46 Áreas Metropolitanas en España mediante métricas espaciales para la caracterización de la estructura del paisaje en tres fechas diferentes, a partir de la cartografía Corine Landcover. Derivado de dicho análisis, y mediante un ACP y análisis de conglomerados se identificaron las principales características espaciales que permitían caracterizar las Áreas Metropolitanas y se generó una clasificación de éstas, de acuerdo a su ocupación urbana en las tres fechas. Finalmente, el análisis de los cambios de grupo en la clasificación a lo largo de las diferentes fechas permitió identificar y caracterizar diferentes procesos de expansión urbana, que junto con otros análisis pueden ser útiles en los procesos de planificación metropolitanos

Household acquisition and transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae after hospital discharge of ESBL-positive index patients

Objectives: This study aimed to determine rates and risk factors of extended-spectrum b-lactamaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) acquisition and transmission within households after hospital discharge of an ESBL-PE-positive index patient. Methods: Two-year prospective cohort study in five European cities. Patients colonized with ESBLproducing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp), and their household contacts were followed up for 4 months after hospital discharge of the index case. At each follow up, participants provided a faecal sample and personal information. ESBL-PE whole-genome sequences were compared using pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis. Results: We enrolled 71 index patients carrying ESBL-Ec (n ¼ 45), ESBL-Kp (n ¼ 20) or both (n ¼ 6), and 102 household contacts. The incidence of any ESBL-PE acquisition among household members initially free of ESBL-PE was 1.9/100 participant-weeks at risk. Nineteen clonally related household transmissions occurred (case to contact: 13; contact to case: 6), with an overall rate of 1.18 transmissions/100 participant-weeks at risk. Most of the acquisition and transmission events occurred within the first 2 months after discharge. The rate of ESBL-Kp household transmission (1.16/100 participant-weeks) was higher than of ESBL-Ec (0.93/100 participant-weeks), whereas more acquisitions were noted for ESBL-Ec (1.06/100 participant-weeks) compared with ESBL-Kp (0.65/100 participant-weeks). Providing assistance for urinary and faecal excretion to the index case by household members increased the risk of ESBL-PE transmission (adjusted prevalence ratio 4.3; 95% CI 1.3e14.1).Instituto de Salud Carlos II

High BDNF serum levels are associated to good cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder

Background: Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammation and oxidative damage may contribute to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) in terms of illness activity. To date, there is a lack of studies linking the cognitive impairment observed in BD with these neurobiological mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the role of these neurobiological factors in clinical and cognitive outcomes in a sample of bipolar individuals. Methods: We measured serum BDNF, cytokines and oxidative stress markers in a sample of 133 individuals: 52 euthymic bipolar patients, 32 manic patients and 49 healthy controls. They were all assessed with a comprehensive cognitive battery. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Multiple linear regression models were built to study associations of neurotrophins and inflammatory and oxidative measures with cognitive functioning. Results: BDNF levels were decreased in euthymic (p = 0.039) and manic (p < 0.001) individuals. Conversely, inflammatory (interleukin 6 (IL-6)) (p = 0.019) and oxidative stress (p = 0.003) measures were increased in bipolar individuals compared to controls. BDNF levels were associated with executive functioning (β = 0.01, p = 0.02) and verbal memory (β = 0.013, p = 0.005), together with other demographic variables. In particular, verbal memory was also associated with obesity (β=-0.04, p = 0.005). Neither inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers nor other relevant clinical variables showed any association with cognitive outcome. Conclusions: Of all the peripheral neurobiological factors analysed, BDNF was the only one significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder individuals. This study emphasizes the role of BDNF not only across mood phases but also in cognitive functioning

Response to Bile Salts in Clinical Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii Lacking the AdeABC Efflux Pump: Virulence Associated with Quorum Sensing

Introduction:Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen associated with multiple infections. This pathogen usually colonizes (first stage of microbial infection) host tissues that are in contact with the external environment. As one of the sites of entry in human hosts is the gastrointestinal tract, the pathogen must be capable of tolerating bile salts. However, studies analyzing the molecular characteristics involved in the response to bile salts in clinical strains of A. baumannii are scarce.Material and Methods: Microbiological and transcriptional studies (arrays and RT-PCR) in the response to bile salts were carried out in isogenic (A. baumanni ΔadeB ATCC 17978 and A. baumannii ΔadeL ATCC 17978) and clinical strains from clone ST79/PFGE-HUI-1 which is characterized by lacking the AdeABC efflux pump and by overexpression the AdeFGH efflux pump.Results and Discussion: In presence of bile salts, in addition to the glutamate/aspartate transporter were found overexpressed in A. baumannii ΔadeB ATCC 17978, the virulence factors (surface motility, biofilm, and Type VI Secretion System) which are associated with activation of the Quorum Sensing system. Overexpression of these factors was confirmed in clinical strains of clone ST79/PFGE-HUI-1.Conclusions: This the first study about the adaptive response to bile salts investigating the molecular and microbiological characteristics in response to bile salts of an isogenic model of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 and clinical isolates of A. baumannii (clinical strains of ST79/PFGE-HUI-1) lacking the main RND efflux pump (AdeABC). Clinical isolates of A. baumannii lacking the AdeABC efflux pump (clone ST79/PFGE-HUI-1) displayed a new clinical profile (increased invasiveness) possibly associated with the response to stress conditions (such as the presence of bile salts)

El feedback a la UOC

Guia dirigida al professorat de la UOC amb orientacions sobre com plantejar un bon feedback a les seves assignatures.Guía dirigida al profesorado de la UOC con orientaciones sobre como plantear un buen feedback a sus asignaturas.Guide to the UOC teaching staff with guidelines on how to propose good feedback to their subjects

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

Background: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Sida (RD06/006, RD12/0017/0018 and RD16/0002/0006) as part of the Plan Nacional I + D + I and cofinanced by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and Accion Estrategica en Salud Intramural (PI15CIII/00027).S

Phytochemical compounds with promising biological activities from Ascophyllum nodosum extracts using microwave-assisted extraction

Phytochemical-rich antioxidant extracts were obtained from Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Critical extraction factors such as time, pressure, and ethanol concentration were optimized by response surface methodology with a circumscribed central composite design. Under the optimal MAE conditions (3 min, 10.4 bar, 46.8 % ethanol), the maximum recovery of phytochemical compounds (polyphenols and fucoxanthin) with improved antioxidant activity from AN was obtained. In addition, the optimized AN extract showed significant biological activities as it was able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, inhibit central nervous system-related enzymes, and exhibit cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines. In addition, the optimized AN extract showed antimicrobial, and anti-quorum sensing activities, indicating that this extract could offer direct and indirect protection against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This work demonstrated that the sustainably obtained AN extract could be an emerging, non-toxic, and natural ingredient with potential to be included in different applications.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC-2017-22891Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2020/12Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2021/152Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A 2021/313Universidade de Vigo/CISU