Phenotypic data

Phenotypic data at the Ester resistance to insecticide locus in the Cx pipiens mosquito from the Montpellier (south of France) over the 1986-2012 period. Site is the location of the sampled population, Km is the distance in kilometers between the population and the Mediteranean Sea, n the number of individuals phenotyped in each sampled population a given year and [i] the number of individuals presenting phenotype i

Insecticide quantity data

The total amount of organophosphate insecticides applied (T) each year by the local agency for mosquito control in the treated area are presented. From 1986 to 1989, treatment applications (i.e., the size of the treated area and the amounts used) did not differ significantly from those in 1990. We therefore attributed the same amount of OPs to the years for which this information was missing (italics)

Activity, preimaginal mortality and resistance data

Original data of activity, preimaginal mortality and resistance of homozygotes for single copies and two duplicated alleles of the ace-1 gene and their hybrids. For each variable the indiduals data are provided

Towards the new normal: Transcriptomic convergence and genomic legacy of the two subgenomes of an allopolyploid weed (<i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>)

<div><p>Allopolyploidy has played a major role in plant evolution but its impact on genome diversity and expression patterns remains to be understood. Some studies found important genomic and transcriptomic changes in allopolyploids, whereas others detected a strong parental legacy and more subtle changes. The allotetraploid <i>C. bursa-pastoris</i> originated around 100,000 years ago and one could expect the genetic polymorphism of the two subgenomes to follow similar trajectories and their transcriptomes to start functioning together. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the genomes and the transcriptomes (three tissues) of allotetraploid <i>C. bursa-pastoris</i> and its parental species, the outcrossing <i>C. grandiflora</i> and the self-fertilizing <i>C. orientalis</i>. Comparison of the divergence in expression between subgenomes, on the one hand, and divergence in expression between the parental species, on the other hand, indicated a strong parental legacy with a majority of genes exhibiting a conserved pattern and <i>cis</i>-regulation. However, a large proportion of the genes that were differentially expressed between the two subgenomes, were also under <i>trans</i>-regulation reflecting the establishment of a new regulatory pattern. Parental dominance varied among tissues: expression in flowers was closer to that of <i>C. orientalis</i> and expression in root and leaf to that of <i>C. grandiflora</i>. Since deleterious mutations accumulated preferentially on the <i>C. orientalis</i> subgenome, the bias in expression towards <i>C. orientalis</i> observed in flowers indicates that expression changes could be adaptive and related to the selfing syndrome, while biases in the roots and leaves towards the <i>C. grandiflora</i> subgenome may be reflective of the differential genetic load.</p></div

Crossing relationships of <i>Culex pipiens</i> isofemale lines according to <i>w</i>Pip groups.

<p>Total indicates the total number of reciprocal crosses performed to established CI patterns, and N the number of crosses that were compatible (C), uni-directionally incompatible (UIC) and bi-directionally incompatible (BIC). SD = standard deviation. In incompatible crosses, HR  = 0%; in compatible crosses, HR >90%. For more details about crosses within <i>w</i>Pip groups see Tables S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0087336#pone.0087336.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a> whilst for crosses between <i>w</i>Pip groups see Tables S7, S8, S9 and S10 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0087336#pone.0087336.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a>.</p

Crossing relationships between isofemale lines infected with strains from the <i>w</i>Pip-I group and from different geographic origins.

<p>Crosses were classified either compatible (C, hatching rate (HR) >90%) or incompatible (IC, HR  = 0%, in bold). The number of egg rafts collected in each cross is bracketed. Boxed crosses were performed between mosquito lines from the same population. *, Crosses corresponding to data from Atyame et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0087336#pone.0087336-Atyame1" target="_blank">[17]</a>. Note that crosses between mosquitoes from the same isofemale line are always compatible.</p

Schematic representation of the crossing relationships between <i>Culex pipiens</i> lines infected with different <i>w</i>Pip groups.

<p>Numbers indicates the number of reciprocal crosses analyzed. In all compatible crosses, hatching rate (HR) >90% and in incompatible crosses, HR  = 0%.</p

R model for the invasion dynamics of homozygous-sublethal (HS) D alleles (cf. Fig. 4)

R model for the invasion dynamics of homozygous-sublethal (HS) D alleles (cf. Fig. 4

ace-1 sequences Intron2 - partial Exon3 (cf. Fig2)

ace-1 sequences Intron2 - partial Exon3 (cf. Fig2

Complete data

Complete dat