The Colombian Truth Commission’s work on reproductive violence:Gendered victimhood and reproductive autonomy

While conflict-related sexual violence has gained attention on international transitional justice agendas, conflict-related reproductive violence continues to be overlooked. The Colombian Truth Commission was the first truth-seeking transitional justice body worldwide to directly investigate these forms of conflict-related violence. Based on an ethnographic analysis of the Commission’s work on reproductive violence, in this article I engage with the reproductive justice framework to argue that the Commission’s work broadened understandings of both gendered victimhood and reproductive autonomy. Regarding gendered victimhood, I show that the Commission’s work focused on gaining recognition for conflict-related reproductive violence as distinct from conflict-related sexual violence, identifying conflict-related practices of reproductive violence and offering recommendations for addressing such practices. Secondly, I show that not only was the Commission the first truth-seeking body to directly investigate reproductive violence, but it did so through an understanding of reproductive violence that does not revolve around the notion of autonomy as individual choice. I argue that by doing this, the Commission compelled us to comprehensively consider war as part of the conditions under which reproductive autonomy may be exercised. Following this line, the latter part of the article focuses on the Colombian government’s use of glyphosate as a form of conflict-related reproductive violence that claimed ownership over the reproductive futures of entire communities by creating environmental devastation

Impact of Free Trade Agreements on the Colombian Beef Sector

Colombia negotiated bilateral Trade Agreements (TAs) with the United States and with the MERCOSUR region (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Colombian cattle and beef interest groups argue that TAs hurt the local beef supply chain. We employ a partial equilibrium framework to assess the impact of these TAs on the welfare of cattle producers, beef marketers and meat consumers in Colombia. Our results suggest that with free imports of chicken parts from the U.S, beef consumption and retail prices of beef both decrease and the derived demand and prices of fed cattle decrease. With beef imports from the MERCOSUR region, domestic beef prices and beef production fall, but total beef consumption increases. Overall, consumers are better off and there are net gains to society with free trade agreements. These net gains tend to increase over time, as Colombia gradually decreases the tariff for imported beef. We identify the reduction in marginal costs required to compete with imported beef, primarily from MERCOSUR. We argue that this is possible because the elimination of trade barriers is gradual and the Colombian beef supply chain can compete with imported meats with an annual reduction of marginal costs between 2 and 4%.Beef, Colombia, partial equilibrium, trade liberalization, International Relations/Trade, F14, D60, Q17,

El pensamiento social en la enseñanza y aprendizaje del voto popular como mecanismo de participación ciudadana apoyado por medios audiovisuales, en niños y niñas de cuarto grado de la institución educativa Jaime Salazar Robledo de la ciudad de Pereira

El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en las y los estudiantes es una de las metas que presentan los estándares básicos en ciencias sociales; hacia la búsqueda de una formación de ciudadanos capaces de comprender su realidad y transformarla, construyendo así las bases de su Pensamiento Social. En esta búsqueda se plantea la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles son las habilidades del pensamiento social que se desarrollan en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de una Unidad Didáctica del voto popular como mecanismo de participación ciudadana apoyado por medios audiovisuales, en niños y niñas de grado cuarto de la Institución Educativa Jaime Salazar Robledo de la ciudad de Pereira? Este proceso se sustenta en las prácticas educativas con la metodología Estudio de Caso la cual permite profundizar en un fenómeno social desde el contexto mismo donde sucede, de modo que permita analizar e interpretar la realidad en un ámbito cotidiano, de forma interpretativa. la investigación abordada desde la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales teniendo en cuenta tres momentos: la planeación, un desarrollo y una reflexión en donde el docente hace reflexiones críticas de la práctica educativas donde el estudiante desarrolla habilidades y competencias sociales, ciudadanas y democráticas, aprendiendo a vivir en un ambiente social, dentro y fuera de la Institución, permitiendo dar respuesta así a la investigación en la comunidad, identificando las Habilidades del Pensamiento Social en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, a partir de la unidad didáctica “El voto popular como mecanismo de participación ciudadana”.The development of critical thinking in students and is one of the goals that have basic standards in social sciences towards finding a formation of citizens able to understand their reality and transform , thus building the foundations of his Social Thought . In this search raises the following research question: ¿What are social thinking skills that are developed teaching and learning of a teaching unit of the popular vote as a mechanism for citizen participation after implementing media in children fourth grade of School Jaime Salazar Robledo of Pereira city,? This process is based on educational practices where the methodology is the case study which allows deepening social phenomenon from the very context where it happens, so that to analyze and interpret reality on a daily level interpretively usual through procedures such as collecting information which makes it possible to observe reality, analyzing, interpreting and reflecting on what experienced in the same, through the application and development of the teaching unit using ICT. The purpose of the research was approached from the teaching and learning of social science based on three stages: planning , development and reflection in which the teacher makes critical reflections educational practice in which the student develops skills and social skills , citizenship and democratic , learning to live in a social and family environment within and outside the institution , allowing responding well to research in the chosen community identifying social Thinking Skills in the process of teaching and learning that is develops from the learning unit " the popular vote as a mechanism for citizen participation.

Diseño de metodología LEAN CONSTRUCTION bajo lineamientos gerenciales para la optimización de recursos en la empresa ARDISEK

Trabajo de investigaciónEl presente trabajo de investigación tiene como fin realizar la estructuración de un diseño gerencial que involucre la metodología LEAN CONSTRUCTION y la guía PMBOK 6 ED para la ejecución y desarrollo de proyectos en la empresa ARDISEK. Dicha estructuración busca mejorar y optimizar procesos al interior de ARDISEK mediante la implementación de planeación estratégica, manejo de habilidades y estrategia comercial.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. MARCOS DE REFERENCIA 3. METODOLOGÍA 4. RESULTADOS 5. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 6. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras Civile

A performance como experiência artística : criação de uma linguagem visual própria como objeto de educação

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Artes Visuais, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2020O presente relatório foi realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino das Artes Visuais no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Secundário. A Unidade Didática à qual diz respeito foi desenvolvida na Escola de Castro Marim, no Algarve, no ano letivo de 2019/2020, para a disciplina de Educação Visual numa turma do 9.ºano. A unidade de trabalho, pretendeu aliar os conteúdos programáticos da Arte Contemporânea e suas formas de Expressão, nomeadamente na temática do discurso, abordando as artes performativas. Numa perspetiva de estudar o seu desenvolvimento e as transformações ao longo do século XX, elaborámos uma planificação, mas que por motivos de Pandemia, causada pelo vírus Covid-19, sofreu algumas modificações. Desta forma, a Unidade Didática foi implementada em duas fases, sendo a primeira no ensino presencial e a segunda através do ensino à distância. Na primeira fase fez-se uma abordagem teórica à arte contemporânea, evidenciando a importância da Arte da Performance como meio de expressão. A essa proposta e numa tentativa de colmatar a lacuna cultural dos alunos, foi-lhes solicitado a concretização de uma performance em grupo, cuja temática foi a Tolerância. Realizou-se também um workshop, no qual os alunos aliaram alguns exercícios de expressão dramática e corporal, de forma a melhorar as relações estabelecidas entre pares e expressarem-se segundo os traços das artes performativas. Na segunda fase, procurámos dar continuidade a todo o trabalho anteriormente desenvolvido, mas atendendo às questões do confinamento, a performance passou a ser individual, levando os alunos a refletir sobre a temática em questão. Para finalizar este projeto, foi solicitado aos alunos que submetessem a sua Performance, através da plataforma de partilha Padlet, tendo o trabalho ficado disponível para toda a comunidade escolar.This research was carried out during the Master´s degree in Teaching of Visual Arts in the secondary and high school. It focus on a didactic intervention developed at Castro Marim School, in the Algarve, in the school year 2019/2020, for the subject of Visual Education and had the participation of 9th grade class. The work unit intended to combine the programmatic contents of Contemporary Art and its forms of Expression, particularly approaching a discourse theme, addressing the performing arts. In a perspective of studying its development and transformations throughout the 20th century, we elaborated a plan, but for reasons of the current pandemic, caused by the Covid-19 virus, it suffered some modifications. Thus, the work unit was implemented in two phases, the first being in face-to-face teaching and the second through distance teaching. In the first phase, the theoretical approach to contemporary art was focused, highlighting the importance of Performance as an artist to transmit experiences and knowledge. To this proposal and in an attempt to fill the cultural gap of these students, they were asked to perform in a group, whose theme was Tolerance. A workshop was also held, in which the students combined some exercises of dramatic and corporal expression, in order to improve the relationships established between peers and express themselves according to the traits of the performing arts. In the second phase, we tried to give continuity to all the work previously developed, but given the issues of confinement, the performance became individual, leading the students to reflect on the theme in question. To finish this project, the students were asked to submit their performance, in a digital Padlet, and the work became available to the entire school community

O corpo e a máquina, relação intrínseca na criação artística

Esta dissertação tem como objectivo estudar a importância do corpo e da máquina na Arte, fazendo referência à obra de alguns artistas, interligando-as com a obra por mim criada em paralelo. O primeiro capítulo faz uma contextualização do espaço onde foi desenvolvido o trabalho prático, o seu contributo como fábrica, mas também como um local de criação artística. O segundo capítulo, faz uma abordagem histórica e filosófica da representação do corpo na Arte. O terceiro examina as várias formas de representação e concepção do corpo na arte, feita pelos artistas, evidenciando a cultura do pós-humano. No quarto capítulo, é feita uma análise de obras que partem da referência do corpo, impulsionado pelo domínio da máquina e da tecnologia. No quinto e último capítulo enuncia-se a escolha das técnicas de impressão, como meio para a concepção do trabalho prático, onde as máquinas funcionam como sistema de repetição, criando múltiplos através de matrizes; ### Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to study the importance of body and machine within the context of art. It aims at referencing the work of artists by linking them with my own work. The first chapter contextualizes the space where the practical work was developed, its contribution as a production factory and as a place of artistic creation. The second chapter makes a historical and philosophical approach of the representation of the body in the Art. The third one examines the various forms of representation and conception of the body within Art, made by artists, emphasizing the post-human culture. In the fourth chapter, an analysis of the work of Art is made, based on the reference of body created by the machine and technological development. The fifth and last chapter is about the choice of printing techniques, as a means for the conception of the practical work. The machines operate as a system of repetition and reproduction by creating arrays

Libre comercio y la cadena de carne de res : ¿una amenaza real?

EconomistaPregrad

La intermediación laboral como mecanismo que usan las cooperativas de trabajo asociado para encubrir un contrato realidad

Los derechos y garantías laborales se encuentran ampliamente contemplados en la Constitución Política de Colombia, previéndose para tal fin, articulados especiales como el 53 ibidem, que enmarcan y regulan principios mínimos de la relación laboral aplicables tanto al sector público como en el privado. Uno de ellos, sin duda alguna es el atinente a la primacía de la realidad sobre las formalidades. Este principio, es quizá, uno de los postulados más importantes y usados por la administración de justicia colombiana como herramienta, para poner en evidencia el uso indiscriminado de figuras jurídicas que tienen como fin encubrir una verdadera relación laboral y así, tergiversar y cohibir a los empleados públicos y contratistas de un goce real y efectivo de sus garantías mínimas laborales; destacándose entre ellas, la intermediación laboral a través de las Cooperativas de trabajo asociado. En esencia, dicha figura fue contemplada por la Ley 79 de 1988 y concordantes, como la asociación de personas para la producción de bienes, ejecución de obras o la prestación de servicios, teniendo como fin característico generar empleo para sus asociados de manera autónoma e independiente. No obstante lo anterior, en la actualidad son múltiples los casos donde las entidades públicas hacen uso de las Cooperativas de trabajo asociado para fines totalmente opuestos a su naturaleza jurídica, contratando la prestación de los servicios personales de sus asociados a favor directamente de aquellas, para el envío de trabajadores en misión a sus instalaciones o dependencias, y donde debido a las funciones que desarrollan, los elementos de autonomía e independencia propios de la esencia de las Cooperativas de trabajo, se ven menguados para abrir paso o mutar a una verdadera relación laboral, en la cual se ve inmerso el elemento de la subordinación como factor determinante para declarar un contrato realidad. Debido a lo anteriormente expuesto surge la necesidad de que el uso indiscriminado de la figura jurídica de la intermediación laboral en el sector público mediante cooperativas de trabajo asociado sea tema de investigación y a través de este, pueda conocerse en mayor medida las implicaciones jurídicas, restricciones y consecuencias que acarrea en contra del servidor público o contratista al que se le cercena sus derechos laborales.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Derecho - Especialización en Derecho Administrativ

Objeto virtual de aprendizaje para contribuir en la evaluación y adaptación de contenidos virtuales del Politécnico Gran Colombiano

Este documento expone la propuesta de intervención disciplinar que tiene como objetivo diseñar un objeto virtual de aprendizaje, que contribuya con la evaluación y adaptación de contenidos virtuales del Politécnico Grancolombiano. Los módulos que se producen en el área de escenarios para el aprendizaje no cuentan con un proceso de evaluación para ser seleccionados y adaptados como insumo de otros recursos institucionales. Para responder a esta necesidad, el diseño del OVA se fundamenta en el enfoque de investigación cualitativa, ya que desde la observación al contexto se analizó la metodología de trabajo del área, identificando posibles criterios a tener en cuenta para este proceso de evaluación. Como en este proceso se recogen datos específicos y por si mismos plantean acciones de mejora, también se vincula la investigación acción como tipología específica. Con un contexto identificado y analizado, se implementa el modelo de diseño instruccional ADDIE, para potenciar habilidades y conocimientos en los docentes autores, por medio del recurso e-learning gracias a cinco fases específicas: análisis, diseño, desarrollo, implementación y evaluación. En ese orden de ideas, se desarrollan los contenidos del OVA relacionados con el quehacer del autor y la proyección del módulo. Esto a través de dos momentos que potencien el aprendizaje activo en los docentes: indagación y asociación. La indagación para identificar y analizar cómo deben ser desarrollados los contenidos dentro de un módulo y la asociación, para contrastar lo analizado con un módulo evaluado con criterios satisfactorios. Finalmente se desarrollaron diagnósticos de inicio y de cierre para evidenciar la incidencia del OVA en su proceso de producción, así como una rubrica como recurso de apoyo en el proceso de evaluaciónThis document sets out the disciplinary intervention proposal that aims to design a virtual learning object, which contributes to the evaluation and adaptation of virtual contents of the Politécnico Grancolombiano. The modules that are produced in the area of learning scenarios do not have an evaluation process to be selected and adapted as input from other institutional resources. To respond to this need, the OVA design is based on the qualitative research approach, since from the observation to the context the work methodology of the area was analyzed, identifying possible criteria to take into account for this evaluation process. As specific data are collected in this process and actions for improvement are proposed by themselves, action research is also linked as a specific typology. With an identified and analyzed context, the ADDIE instructional design model is implemented, to enhance skills and knowledge in teacher authors, through the e learning resource thanks to five specific phases: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. In that order of ideas, the contents of the OVA related to the author's work and the projection of the module are developed. This through two moments that enhance active learning in teachers: inquiry and association. The inquiry to identify and analyze how the contents should be developed within a module and the association, to contrast what has been analyzed with a module evaluated with satisfactory criteria. Finally, initial and closing diagnoses were developed to demonstrate the incidence of OVA in its production process, as well as a rubric as a support resource in the evaluation proces