51 research outputs found
Impact of co-adsorbed oxygen on crotonaldehyde adsorption over gold nanoclusters : a computational study
Crotonaldehyde (2-butenal) adsorption over gold sub-nanometer particles, and the influence of co-adsorbed oxygen, has been systematically investigated by computational methods. Using density functional theory, the adsorption energetics of crotonaldehyde on bare and oxidised gold clusters (Au13, d = 0.8 nm) were determined as a function of oxygen coverage and coordination geometry. At low oxygen coverage, sites are available for which crotonaldehyde adsorption is enhanced relative to bare Au clusters by 10 kJ mol−1. At higher oxygen coverage, crotonaldehyde is forced to adsorb in close proximity to oxygen weakening adsorption by up to 60 kJ mol−1 relative to bare Au. Bonding geometries, density of states plots and Bader analysis, are used to elucidate crotonaldehyde bonding to gold nanoparticles in terms of partial electron transfer from Au to crotonaldehyde, and note that donation to gold from crotonaldehyde also becomes significant following metal oxidation. At high oxygen coverage we find that all molecular adsorption sites have a neighbouring, destabilising, oxygen adatom so that despite enhanced donation, crotonaldehyde adsorption is always weakened by steric interactions. For a larger cluster (Au38, d = 1.1 nm) crotonaldehyde adsorption is destabilized in this way even at a low oxygen coverage. These findings provide a quantitative framework to underpin the experimentally observed influence of oxygen on the selective oxidation of crotyl alcohol to crotonaldehyde over gold and gold–palladium alloys
Impact of co-adsorbed oxygen on crotonaldehyde adsorption over gold nanoclusters : a computational study
Crotonaldehyde (2-butenal) adsorption over gold sub-nanometer particles, and the influence of co-adsorbed oxygen, has been systematically investigated by computational methods. Using density functional theory, the adsorption energetics of crotonaldehyde on bare and oxidised gold clusters (Au13, d = 0.8 nm) were determined as a function of oxygen coverage and coordination geometry. At low oxygen coverage, sites are available for which crotonaldehyde adsorption is enhanced relative to bare Au clusters by 10 kJ mol−1. At higher oxygen coverage, crotonaldehyde is forced to adsorb in close proximity to oxygen weakening adsorption by up to 60 kJ mol−1 relative to bare Au. Bonding geometries, density of states plots and Bader analysis, are used to elucidate crotonaldehyde bonding to gold nanoparticles in terms of partial electron transfer from Au to crotonaldehyde, and note that donation to gold from crotonaldehyde also becomes significant following metal oxidation. At high oxygen coverage we find that all molecular adsorption sites have a neighbouring, destabilising, oxygen adatom so that despite enhanced donation, crotonaldehyde adsorption is always weakened by steric interactions. For a larger cluster (Au38, d = 1.1 nm) crotonaldehyde adsorption is destabilized in this way even at a low oxygen coverage. These findings provide a quantitative framework to underpin the experimentally observed influence of oxygen on the selective oxidation of crotyl alcohol to crotonaldehyde over gold and gold–palladium alloys
XPS surface analysis of ceria-based materials: Experimental methods and considerations
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of cerium is ubiquitous amongst the catalytic and materials literature however errors in experimental procedure and data analysis are often easily proliferated. In this work we focus on the best practice for experimental construction when approaching the task of understanding chemical environments in cerium-based materials by XPS
Foundations of Digital Arch{\ae}oludology
Digital Archaeoludology (DAL) is a new field of study involving the analysis
and reconstruction of ancient games from incomplete descriptions and
archaeological evidence using modern computational techniques. The aim is to
provide digital tools and methods to help game historians and other researchers
better understand traditional games, their development throughout recorded
human history, and their relationship to the development of human culture and
mathematical knowledge. This work is being explored in the ERC-funded Digital
Ludeme Project.
The aim of this inaugural international research meeting on DAL is to gather
together leading experts in relevant disciplines - computer science, artificial
intelligence, machine learning, computational phylogenetics, mathematics,
history, archaeology, anthropology, etc. - to discuss the key themes and
establish the foundations for this new field of research, so that it may
continue beyond the lifetime of its initiating project.Comment: Report on Dagstuhl Research Meeting. Authored/edited by all
participants. Appendices by Thierry Depauli
Synthetic Fuel and Electric Cars: a Cost-Effectiveness Comparison of Alternatives for Substituting Coal for Oil.
Ph.D.EconomicsUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/157545/1/7718032.pd
Parlett, Malcolm, and David Hamilton, Evaluation as Illumination, pp. 84-101 in David Tawney, ed., Curriculum Evaluation Today: Trends and Implications . London: Macmillan, 1976.*
Describes illuminative evaluation, its uses, and its problems
How the Food Security Act of 1985 Affects Consumers
Enacted to provide more competitive pricing of U.S. farm goods in foreign and domestic markets and to reduce surplus stocks of grain and dairy products, the Food Security Act of 1985 affects consumers in several ways. This report compares these effects with what might have happened if 1981 farm legislation had remained in effect. Consumers will he able to buy more food with their dollars under the 1985 legislation. The implicit tax burden associated with financing Federal farm programs is reduced for low- and moderate-income people, and shifted to persons in higher tax brackets. Eligibility requirements for food assistance programs are broadened and benefits are increased, enabling wider participation by the needy
- …