Economía artificial: métodos de inspiración social en la resolución de problemas complejos

La dimensión social de la Economía le confiere una complejidad que es muy difícil de formalizar en un conjunto de ecuaciones algebraicas. La aproximación de la Economía Experimental (EE) y la de su extensión de la Economía Artificial (EA) con modelos basados en agentes artificiales (ABM), permiten recoger parte de esa complejidad cuando el intercambio es impersonal. En este artículo analizamos desde la EA el paradigmático ejemplo de la subasta doble continua (CDA) y su dinámica social con diferentes tipos de agentes. Los resultados obtenidos con sociedades artificiales, no sólo son relevantes para explicar los mecanismos de la institución, sino que el propio mercado puede ser un vehículo para resolver problemas de gestión de la empresa y de elección y escasez de complejidad nphard. Para ilustrarlo empleamos un ejemplo basado en la aplicación de subastas combinatorias: mediante la programación basada en mercados se puede realizar la asignación de slots de recursos en problemas de gestión de carteras de proyectosMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación con referencia CSD2010-00034 (SimulPast CONSOLIDER- INGENIO 2010) y el proyecto Application of Agent-Based Computational Economics to Strategic Slot Allocation cofinanciado por EUROCONTROL- SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU) y la Unión Europea como parte del programa SESA

Bromatological composition of palm kernel meal according to its origin and production periods potential use of palm kernel meal in animal feed

Ecuador has a variety of agroindustrial by-products, which can be used in animal feed, although their nutritional values are often unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate bromatological composition of palm kernel cake (PKC) in samples from two palm oil extraction plants in two areas (Quevedo and Santo Domingo) and two production periods (August and September). Random samples were taken weekly with two repetitions for a total of 64 samples. Dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), calcium, phosphorus, crude energy (CE) and metabolisable energy (ME) were determined. OM (62.92%) and EE (10.10%) content were higher at the Quevedo plant, while CF (23.84%) and ADL (24.66%) were higher at the Santo Domingo plant. The sampling period affected DM (98.58%), CF (23.98%) and ADL (23.78%) content, which were higher in September, while EE (10.87%) and phosphorus (0.44%) were higher in August. For CP, NFE, NDF, ADF, ash, calcium, CE and ME, interaction was observed between the two factors studied. It was concluded that most of the parameters analysed depend on the place of origin or the extraction season, or interaction between the two factors.The research was supported by the Graduate Department of the State Technical University of Quevedo, with supported from Fourth Notary of the canton Quevedo Los Rios, Ecuador and INIA-FS

Annual report on Sunspot Counting Program 2018

Este programa de observación nació a finales del año 2012 en la Universidad de Extremadura (Badajoz, 38°53′ N 6°58′ W) con el fin de ampliar aún más nuestra investigación en la reconstrucción de la actividad solar. Desde el 1 de Enero de 2013, nuestros recuentos de manchas solares se han presentado al Real Observatorio de Bélgica (ROB) como contribución a los esfuerzos internacionales de mantener y actualizar el número internacional de Manchas Solares. Para ello, hemos utilizado un pequeño refractor apocromático de 80 mm de diámetro de objetivo y 550 mm de longitud focal, a fin de proyectar una imagen de 150 mm de diámetro en una plantilla. Después se hace un dibujo para obtener el recuento de manchas solares. Además, se realizan observaciones solares desde una estación secundaria en Valencia de las Torres (38°24′ N 6°00′ W) con un refractor –70 mm de diámetro objetivo y 700 mm de distancia focal– cuando algunos días la estación principal (en Badajoz) falla. Este informe proporciona un conjunto completo de los datos obtenidos durante el año 2018, con cuatro tablas que muestran nuestros datos. Por otra parte, el índice de referencia de las manchas solares se compara con nuestros resultados. Esperamos que esta publicación sea de utilidad a la comunidad científica que estudia el número de manchas solares: la mayor serie de índices solares derivadas de la observación directa del Sol.This program was born in late 2012 at the University of Extremadura (Badajoz, 38°53′ N 6°58′ W) in order to further extend our research in the reconstruction of past solar activity (see, for example, Vaquero, 2007). Since 1st January 2013, our sunspot counts have been submitted to the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) as a contribution to the international effort of maintaining and updating the International Sunspot Number. For this purpose, we use a small apochromatic refractor –80 mm of objective diameter and 550 mm of focal length– to project a 150 mm diameter image onto a template. Then, a drawing is done so we obtain our sunspot counts from it. Moreover, solar observations from a secondary station located in Valencia de las Torres (38°24′ N 6°00′ W) with a refractor –70 mm of objective diameter and 700 mm of focal length– are carried out some days when the main station (in Badajoz) fails. In this report, we provide a complete set of data obtained throughout the year 2018, with four tables including our data. Moreover, the reference sunspot index is compared with our results. We hope that this publication is useful to the scientific community studying the sunspot number: the longest solar index series derived from direct observation of the Sun.• Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: Ayuda FPU / grant FPU. • Fondos FEDER-Junta de Extremadura: Ayuda al Grupo de Investigación GR18097 y Proyecto IB16127 / Research Group Grant GR18097 and project IB16127 • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government proyecto CGL2017-87917-P / project CGL2017-87917-

Methods for watering seedlings in arid zones

Producción CientíficaThis paper reviews different existing systems of seedling microirrigation in afforestation. These systems differ from agricultural irrigation methods since they only pursue the establishment of the planted seedlings instead of achieving good agricultural yields. They, therefore, involve very low irrigation doses compared to the usual irrigation doses found in the agricultural sector. These approaches are nonconventional localized irrigation systems with high efficiency in water application. Based on the water discharge equations they use, these methods can be classified into four groups: direct deep irrigation, irrigation through porous walls, irrigation with wicks, and irrigation with solar distillers. This paper describes a total of sixteen different systems suitable for afforestation. All the systems are compared with each other. To make the comparisons, four key parameters are considered: the cost of acquiring and installing the system, the water application efficiency, the maintenance of the system, and the possibility of irrigating several plants at the same time. The irrigation systems described in this review represent an important technical advance not only for dryland forestry but also for rainfed arboriculture, xeriscaping, and xerogardening. These systems make it possible to widely extend the planting period to almost throughout the year, not only in arid regions but also in less dry or even humid climates, especially when critical areas have to be afforested, including shallow, sandy, saline, or gypseous soils, suntraps, windy and desertified areas, open pit mines, and other areas. Seedling microirrigation is an emerging sector of the irrigation industry that is rapidly developing with new devices and patents. Two foreseeable future trends can be identified: the growing use of new permeable materials and the possibility of connecting individual emitters to irrigation lines

Un Sistema de evaluación basado en competencias: ejemplo para la asignatura Tecnología de la Programación del título de Grado en Ingeniería Informática por la Universidad de Murcia

En este trabajo proponemos un Sistema de Evaluación basado en competencias el cual se describe usando como ejemplo la asignatura Tecnología de la Programación propuesta por el Título de Grado en Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Murcia. En el diseño del sistema de evaluación se identifican las competencias transversales y específicas que se adquieren con la asignatura, los indicadores de evaluación para cada competencia, los hitos de evaluación, las acciones de evaluación, y los agentes de evaluación. La aplicación del sistema de evaluación da como resultado una calificación numérica del alumno de acuerdo con la legislación vigente y su ficha de adquisición de competencias para la asignatura. El sistema está siendo implantado en el actual curso académico 2008/2009 por lo que aún no se dispone de valoración de resultados.Peer Reviewe

Annual report on Sunspot Counting Program 2016

Este programa observación nació a finales del año 2012 en la Universidad de Extremadura con el fin de ampliar aún más nuestra investigación en la reconstrucción de la actividad solar. Desde el 1 de Enero de 2013, nuestros recuentos de manchas solares se han presentado al Real Observatorio de Bélgica (ROB) como contribución a los esfuerzos internacionales de mantener y actualizar el número internacional de Manchas Solares. Para ello, hemos utilizado un pequeño refractor apocromático de 80 mm de diámetro de objetivo y 550 mm de longitud focal, a fin de proyectar una imagen de 150 mm de diámetro en una plantilla. Este informe proporciona un conjunto completo de los datos obtenidos durante el año 2016, con cuatro tablas que muestran nuestros datos. Por otra parte, el índice de referencia de las manchas solares se compara con nuestros resultados. Esperamos que esta publicación sea de utilidad a la comunidad científica que estudia el número de manchas solares: la mayor serie de índices solares derivadas de la observación directa del Sol.This program was born in late 2012 at the University of Extremadura (Badajoz, 38°53′ N 6°58′ W) in order to further extend our research in the reconstruction of past solar activity (see, for example, Vaquero, 2007). Since 1st January 2013, our sunspot counts have been submitted to the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) as a contribution to the international effort of maintaining and updating the International Sunspot Number. For this purpose, we use a small apochromatic refractor –80 mm of objective diameter and 550 mm of focal length– to project a 150 mm diameter image onto a template. Then, a drawing is done so we obtain our sunspot counts from it. In this report, we provide a complete set of data obtained throughout the year 2016, with four Tables showing our data. Moreover, the reference sunspot index is compared with our results. We hope that this publication is useful to the scientific community studying the sunspot number: the longest solar index series derived from direct observation of the Sun

Annual report on Sunspot Counting Program 2019

Este programa nació a finales de 2012 en la Universidad de Extremadura (Badajoz, 38 ° 53 ′ N 6 ° 58 ′ O) para ampliar aún más nuestra investigación en la reconstrucción de la actividad solar pasada (ver, por ejemplo, Vaquero, 2007) . Desde el 1 de enero de 2013, nuestros recuentos de manchas solares se han enviado al Observatorio Real de Bélgica (ROB) como una contribución al esfuerzo internacional de mantener y actualizar el número internacional de manchas solares. Para este propósito, usamos un pequeño refractor apocromático –80 mm de diámetro objetivo y 550 mm de distancia focal– para proyectar una imagen de 150 mm de diámetro en una plantilla. Luego, se realiza un dibujo para que podamos obtener nuestros recuentos de manchas solares. Además, las observaciones solares de estaciones secundarias se llevan a cabo algunos días cuando falla la estación principal (en Badajoz). Una de estas estaciones también está en Badajoz (en una parte diferente de la ciudad) y está equipada con un refractor –90 mm de diámetro objetivo y 910 mm de distancia focal–, y la otra está en Valencia de las Torres (38 ° 24 ′ N 6 ° 00 ′ W) y está equipado con un refractor más pequeño –70 mm de diámetro objetivo y 700 mm de distancia focal–. En este informe, proporcionamos un conjunto completo de datos obtenidos a lo largo del año 2019, con cuatro tablas que incluyen nuestros datos. Además, el índice de referencia del número de manchas solares se compara con nuestros resultados. Esperamos que esta publicación sea útil para la comunidad científica que estudia el número de manchas solares: la serie de índice solar más larga derivada de la observación directa del Sol.This program was born in late 2012 at the University of Extremadura (Badajoz, 38°53′ N 6°58′ W) in order to further extend our research in the reconstruction of past solar activity (see, for example, Vaquero, 2007). Since 1st January 2013, our sunspot counts have been submitted to the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) as a contribution to the international effort of maintaining and updating the International Sunspot Number. For this purpose, we use a small apochromatic refractor –80 mm of objective diameter and 550 mm of focal length– to project a 150 mm diameter image onto a template. Then, a drawing is done so we obtain our sunspot counts from it. Moreover, solar observations from secondary stations are carried out some days when the main station (in Badajoz) fails. One of these stations is in Badajoz too (in a different part of the city) and is equipped with a refractor –90 mm of objective diameter and 910 mm of focal length–, and the other one is in Valencia de las Torres (38°24′ N 6°00′ W) and is equipped with a smaller refractor –70 mm of objective diameter and 700 mm of focal length–. In this report, we provide a complete set of data obtained throughout the year 2019, with four tables including our data. Moreover, the reference sunspot number index is compared with our results. We hope that this publication is useful to the scientific community studying the sunspot number: the longest solar index series derived from direct observation of the Sun.• Fondos FEDER-Junta de Extremadura: Ayuda al Grupo de Investigación GR18097 y Proyecto IB16127 • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government proyecto CGL2017-87917-P • Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) del Gobierno español: beca predoctoral PRE2018-08489

Dental measurements and Bolton index reliability and accuracy obtained from 2D digital, 3D segmented CBCT, and 3d intraoral laser scanner

To compare the reliability and accuracy of direct and indirect dental measurements derived from two types of 3D virtual models: generated by intraoral laser scanning (ILS) and segmented cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), comparing these with a 2D digital model. One hundred patients were selected. All patients? records included initial plaster models, an intraoral scan and a CBCT. Patients´ dental arches were scanned with the iTero® intraoral scanner while the CBCTs were segmented to create three-dimensional models. To obtain 2D digital models, plaster models were scanned using a conventional 2D scanner. When digital models had been obtained using these three methods, direct dental measurements were measured and indirect measurements were calculated. Differences between methods were assessed by means of paired t-tests and regression models. Intra and inter-observer error were analyzed using Dahlberg´s d and coefficients of variation. Intraobserver and interobserver error for the ILS model was less than 0.44 mm while for segmented CBCT models, the error was less than 0.97 mm. ILS models provided statistically and clinically acceptable accuracy for all dental measurements, while CBCT models showed a tendency to underestimate measurements in the lower arch, although within the limits of clinical acceptability. ILS and CBCT segmented models are both reliable and accurate for dental measurements. Integration of ILS with CBCT scans would get dental and skeletal information altogether

Growth performance of three paternal rabbit lines with different potential for growth rate and resilience

[EN] This experiment aimed to compare the growth performance, digestive efficiency and health status of three paternal lines for growing rabbits. The R line was selected by growth rate during the growing period for 37 generations; the RF line was founded by selecting a population of elite R animals (average daily gain>60 g/d); and the RFLP line was founded by backcrossing males from the RF line with females from the LP maternal line. A total of 387 weaned rabbits were used to evaluate growing performance from weaning until 63 d of age in individual cages, in three batches. Additionally, 33 animals were used to determine nutrient digestive efficiency in a digestibility trial. Body weight and feed intake were controlled at weaning (28 d), 46 and 63 d of age. Mortality and morbidity were also monitored daily. During the digestibility trial, feed intake and faeces excretion were controlled daily. Results showed no significant effects of genetic type on body weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio throughout the experiment. However, RF animals had a higher average daily gain from 28 to 46 d of age (+4.4%; P<0.05) compared with R animals, but lower from 46 to 63 d of age (–4.3%; P<0.05). Regarding digestive efficiency, RF and RFLP lines showed slightly higher faecal digestibility for dry matter and gross energy of the diet compared with the R line (+1.3 percentage points; P<0.05). Mortality was higher in animals from R and RF lines compared with RFLP (on av. 25.40 vs. 14.06%; P<0.05). Our results suggest that the RFLP genetic line could be a suitable alternative to the R line, as it shows a similar growth performance but a lower incidence of digestive disorders.This study was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Government of Spain (AGL2017-85162-C2-1-R) and the General Direction of Science and Research of the Generalitat Valenciana (AICO/2012/256). The grantfor Catarina Peixoto Gonçalves is also gratefully acknowledged (GRISOLIAP/2019/149; from the General Direction of Science andResearch of the Generalitat Valenciana).Peixoto-Gonçalves, C.; Martínez-Paredes, E.; Ródenas, L.; Corpa, JM.; Blas, E.; Cambra-López, M.; Pascual, JJ. (2023). Growth performance of three paternal rabbit lines with different potential for growth rate and resilience. World Rabbit Science. 31(4):221-228. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2023.1984122122831

Characterization and Molecular Modelling of Non-Antibiotic Nanohybrids for Wound Healing Purposes

This work was supported by Project PID2020-112737RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and the Andalusian P18-RT-3786 project. Additional information about the project PID2020-112737RB-I00 is available at the website www.herisam.es (accessed on 31 March 2023).The healing process of chronic wounds continues to be a current clinical challenge, wors- ened by the risk of microbial infections and bacterial resistance to the most frequent antibiotics. In this work, non-antibiotic nanohybrids based on chlorhexidine dihydrochloride and clay minerals have been developed in order to design advanced therapeutic systems aimed to enhance wound healing in chronic lesions. To prepare the nanohybrids, two methodologies have been compared: the intercala- tion solution procedure and the spray-drying technique, the latter as a one-step process able to reduce preparation times. Nanohybrids were then fully studied by solid state characterization techniques. Computational calculations were also performed to assess the interactions between the drug and the clays at the molecular level. In vitro human fibroblast biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were assessed to check biocompatibility and potential microbicidal effects of the obtained nanomaterials. The results demonstrated the effective organic/inorganic character of the nanohybrids with homogeneous drug distribution into the clayey structures, which had been confirmed by classical mechanics calculations. Good biocompatibility and microbicidal effects were also observed, especially for the spray-dried nanohybrids. It was suggested that it could be due to a greater contact area with target cells and bacterial suspensions.Andalusian PID2020-112737RB-I00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033P18-RT-378