Características da morbidade de população atendida pelo Centro de Saúde-Escola, São José do Rio Preto, SP (Brasil), 1974

The methodology used by a University Health Center, during one year, in order to diagnose the morbidity of a population through the demand, is presented by the authors. A high prevalence of gastro-enteric parasites ivas observed with characteristics that are peculiar to the region, as giardiasis, hook-worm and strongiloidiasis in different age groups. Anemia was also observed, especially in the group under fourteen years of age. The results of serologic diagnosis of Chagas' Disease and Syphilis are discussed and compared with those of the whole 8th Administrative Region of the State of S. Paulo. The authors discuss the differences observed, during the year, among the frequency of three great groups of infectious diseases. The causes of such findings are also discussed especially as regards water and food borne diseases. The hospital demands resulting from this out-patient service are also analysed.Apresenta-se a metodologia seguida por um Centro de Saúde-Escola, São José do Rio Preto, SP (Brasil), durante um ano e a possibilidade da realização de um diagnóstico de morbidade de população através da demanda solicitada. Observa-se a alta prevalência das enteroparasitoses, com características peculiares à ecologia local, sobressaindo-se a giardíase, ancilostomose e estrongiloidíase, de acordo com a faixa etária estudada. Evidencia-se alta freqüência de anemia, especialmente na população abaixo de 14 anos, maior que nos grupos etários superiores. Estudam-se os valores encontrados para a sorologia da doença de Chagas e para Lues, relacionando-os com aquelas da 8ª Região. Discorre-se sobre as diferenças na freqüência da morbidade devida aos três grandes grupos de doenças transmissíveis e discute-se sobre a possível explicação para a diminuição observada em relação àquelas de origem hídrica e/ou alimentar. Comenta-se sobre a demanda, hospitalar gerada por um serviço ambulatorial que se revela baixa

Diseño de una herramienta de evaluación del desempeño ambiental en las granjas piscícolas

Con el objetivo de evaluar el desempeño ambiental de las empresas piscícolas, se diseñó y aplicó una herramienta basada en las listas de chequeo la cuál fue elaborada a partir de las recomendaciones dadas por la FAO en su código de conducta para una acuicultura responsable, en las guías de organizaciones no gubernamentales que buscan el desarrollo de una acuicultura responsable y de modificaciones a las propuestas metodológicas de Vinatea (1999) y Leripio (2003). La aplicación por entrevista del cuestionario, acompañada de inspección ocular, permitió la recolección de valiosa información que calificó la actuación de las empresas piscícolas como crítica, pésima, aceptable, buena y excelente sostenibilidad. La información entregada a los planificadores del municipio en cuestión se convirtió en una guía para sus acciones a través de metas, estrategias y responsables a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Se comprobó que los aspectos negativos al desempeño ambiental son en su mayoría de rápida y económica solución, y que se requiere de trabajo proactivo entre municipio, corporación ambiental regional y productores. Se recomienda la aplicación de la herramienta en cuatro fases: evaluación preliminar, sensibilización y concienciación, autoevaluación y suministro de guías y recomendaciones para el buen desempeño ambiental

EFEITO DO PROBIÓTICO NA RESPOSTA IMUNE HUMORAL EM BOVINOS

Esse estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação do probiótico adicionado à mistura mineral na resposta imune humoral em bovinos vacinados com uma única dose de vacina antirrábica. 40 bovinos machos, Nelore, com idade de 15 meses foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos (20 bovinos/grupo): Grupo controle (GC) com 70 gramas de suplemento mineral/animal/dia, grupo probiótico (GP) com 70 gramas de suplemento mineral adicionado 4 gramas de probiótico/animal. Os títulos individuais de anticorpos neutralizantees (IgM) foram determinados por meio da técnica de soroneutralização baseado no Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) e no Fluorescent Inhibitio Microtest (FIMT). Não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as médias de concentrações séricas de IgM entre os grupos, concluindo que a administração de probióticos não interferiu na resposta imune humoral antirrábica

EFEITO DO PROBIÓTICO APÓS TOXICIDADE HEPÁTICA DO DICROMATO DE POTÁSSIO EM RATOS

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar as alterações dependentes da dose de dicromato de potássio (0, 12, 24 e 36 mg.kg-1) no tecido hepático, após suplementação com probiótico em dosagens 0 ou 0,2%, em 80 ratos machos. A ingestão oral por 90 dias de doses crescentes de dicromato de potássio produziu sinais clínicos de toxicidade frente à análise histopatológica (

Addition of probiotic in mineral mixture enhances weight gain in bovine during dry season

This study investigated the effect of Proenzime® probiotic added to protein-mineral mixture on the weight gain of cattle reared in extensive system on Brachiaria brizantha pasture. The 114 Nelore uncastrated male calves (Bos indicus) used, about 15 months of age, were randomly divided into 2 groups (57 animals each): the control group (GC) received only protein-mineral mixture while the probiotic group (PG) received this mixture supplemented with Proenzime® probiotic. The animals were weighted on days 0 and 150. The results indicate a significant increase in the weight gains of the PG calves. Considering the experimental conditions and the results obtained, it is concluded that the addition of Proenzime® probiotic to the protein-mineral mixture leads to increase in weight gain of cattle and thus higher economic feedback

UTILIZAÇÃO DE PROBIÓTICOS SOBRE O GANHO DE PESO EM BEZERROS DA RAÇA NELORE

Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito do probiótico, Proenzime®, adicionado à mistura mineral no ganho de peso de bovinos em sistema de pastejo extensivo. Utilizaram-se 40 bovinos, machos inteiros da raça Nelore (Bos indicus) com idade de aproximadamente 12 meses, divididos randomicamente em 2 grupos (20 bovinos/grupo): o grupo controle (GC) recebeu somente mistura mineral e o grupo probiótico (GP) que se adicionou probiótico. Pesaram-se os bezerros nos dias 0 e 30 de 30 a 90 dias e 0 a 90 dias. Os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo no ganho de peso nos animais do GP somente nos primeiros 30 dias

EFFECT OF MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA CH12 WEANING STRESS IN PIGS

Weaning is a phase of life that creates stress in pigs causing damage to the welfare and health of pigs. The Matricaria chamomilla cH12 reduced stress management in cattle, but has not been tested in pigs. Study evaluated the effect of Matricaria chamomilla cH12 in the stress of weaning. We used 16 male pigs Landrace animals with 28 days of age, randomly divided into two groups (8 animals/group), the control group (GC) received diet without and other group (GMc) received diet containing addition Matricaria chamomilla cH12. Blood samples were collected from pigs on days 1, 14, 24 and 30 after weaning for determination of serum cortisol radioimmunoassay. Piglets were stressed out the next day weaning with a significant increase (

Matricaria chamomilla CH12 decreases handling stress in Nelore calves

Matricaria chamomilla CH12 is a phytotherapeutic or homeopathic product, which has been used to reduce stress. Here, we examined its effect on preventing handling stress in bovines. Sixty Nelore calves were randomly distributed into two equal groups. One group was administered Matricaria chamomilla CH12 in diet and the other the 'control' was not. Animals in both groups were maintained unstressed for 30 days to adjust to the feeding system and pasture, and were then stressed by constraint on the 31th, 38th, 45th and 60th experimental days. Blood samples were taken on these days after animals had been immobilization in a trunk contention for 5 min. Stress was followed by analyzing serum cortisol levels. These peaked on the 45th day and then decreased, but not to baseline, on the 60th day. On the 45th day cortisol levels were significantly lower in animals fed Matricaria chamomilla CH12, suggesting that this product reduces stress. These effects may be a consequence of its inhibiting cortisol production and its calming and anxiolytic effects

Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (USMR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71.2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval WI] 68.3-74-0) in 2000 to 37.1 (33.2-41.7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28.0 deaths per 1000 live births (26.8-29-5) in 2000 to 17.9 (16.3-19-8) in 2019. In 2019,136 (67%) of 204 countries had a USMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030,154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9.65 million (95% UI 9.05-10.30) in 2000 and 5.05 million (4.27-6.02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3.76 million 95% UI 3.53-4.021) in 2000 to 48% (2.42 million; 2.06-2.86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0.80 (95% UI 0.71-0.86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1.44 (95% UI 1-27-1.58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1.87 million (95% UI 1-35-2.58; 37% 95% UI 32-43]) of 5.05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve USMR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd