The Interaction and Oral Production Ability Using the Genre - Based Pedagogy in the English Class

The general goal of learning a foreign language is to reach the competences to communicate effectively with others. The interaction and oral production ability are crucial in the achievement of that goal. This research represents an effort to know closer the influence of the genre- based pedagogy (GB pedagogy) on learners’ interaction, and oral production ability towards the use of biographies as textual genre in the classroom. Research findings show that students became familiar with the basic structure and contents of the recount genre mentioned, as a life experience. The stages followed in order to work with biographies were found useful for the students who recognized the importance of structuring a text, to better understand how they work, and improve their communication using information from their own context to learn step by step how express what they really want to say. The deconstruction, joint construction and independent construction as the teaching learning cycle based on the GB pedagogy were placed into practice as an important attempt to fulfill the research goal.MaestríaMagister en la Enseñanza del Ingle

Prevalência de dermatocitoses nos membros inferiores em doentes diabéticos:avaliação de possíveis factores predisponentes para a infecção

Tese de mestrado, Biologia (Biologia Humana e Ambiente), 2007, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiênciasINTRODUÇÃO Os doentes imunocomprometidos, entre os quais o grupo de doentes diabéticos, são particularmente susceptíveis às infecções fúngicas uma vez que a alteração do seu sistema imunológico compromete as suas defesas naturais, por exemplo ao nível da pele e das unhas. Neste enquadramento, e uma vez que são escassos os dados referentes a infecções fúngicas superficiais em doentes diabéticos no nosso país, será importante a realização de um estudo prospectivo que permita determinar a sua prevalência e os eventuais factores predisponentes para a infecção. OBJECTIVOS Avaliar a presença de dermatomicoses nos membros inferiores em doentes diabéticos e comparar os resultados obtidos com uma população controlo; Averiguar quais as espécies fúngicas prevalentes nas duas populações; Correlacionar os factores predisponentes com a positividade das amostras na população diabética; Contribuir para a implementação na rotina laboratorial do método de difusão em agar para determinação da susceptibilidade in vitro de estirpes de dermatófitos aos antifúngicos. MATERIAL DE ESTUDO Entre Março e Agosto de 2007, efectuaram-se colheitas de pele e/ou de unhas dos membros inferiores em 163 doentes diabéticos seguidos na Consulta de Podologia da Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal, em Lisboa, e em 141 pacientes não diabéticos, com suspeita clínica de dermatomicose, que efectuaram análises micológicas no Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., em Lisboa. RESULTADOS A prevalência de dermatomicoses nos membros inferiores na população diabética foi de 43,6%. Em ambas as populações, as infecções mais frequentes foram as onicomicoses seguidas de tinea pedis. Os agentes etiológicos isolados em doentes diabéticos com culturas positivas foram: leveduras 45,5%; dermatófitos 31,3%; outros fungos filamentosos queratinofílicos 23,2%. Trichophyton rubrum foi o dermatófito mais frequentemente isolado em pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos. Os resultados do nosso estudo demonstram a existência de associação entre a diabetes tipo 2 e a presença de dermatomicoses na população diabéticaINTRODUCTION The immunosupressed patients, including the diabetic group of patients, are particularly susceptible to fungal infections because the modifications that occur in their immunologic system compromise their natural defences, for instance at skin and nail levels. Given that superficial fungal infections data in diabetic patients are scarce in our country, it is important to carry out a prospective study to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors for the infection. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the presence of dermatomycosis in lower limbs in diabetic patients and compare the results obtained with those in the control population; Determine the prevalence of fungal species in both populations; Correlate the predisposing factors with the positivity of samples in the diabetic population; Contribute to the implementation of the agar diffusion method in laboratorial routine to determine the in vitro susceptibility of dermatophyte strains to antifungals. STUDY MATERIAL Between March and August 2007, we collected biologic samples of the skin and/or nails in lower limbs from 163 diabetic patients followed on Podiatry consultation at the Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal, in Lisbon, and from 141 non diabetic patients clinically monitored for dermatomycosis at the Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., in Lisbon. RESULTS The prevalence of dermatomycosis in lower limbs in the diabetic population was 43,6%. In both populations, the most frequent infections were onychomycosis, followed by tinea pedis. The isolated etiological agents in diabetic patients who presented positive cultures were: yeasts 45,5%; dermatophytes 31,3%; other filamentous keratinophilic fungi 23,2%. Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte fungi in diabetic and non diabetic patients. Based on our data we have evidenced that type 2 diabetes is associated with the presence of dermatomycosis in the diabetic populatio

Diagnosis of Tinea pedis and onychomycosis in patients from Portuguese National Institute of Health: a four-year study

Tinea pedis and onychomycosis are two rather diverse clinical manifestations of superficial fungal infections, and their etiologic agents may be dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte moulds or yeasts. This study was designed to statistically describe the data obtained as results of analysis conducted during a four year period on the frequency of Tinea pedis and onychomycosis and their etiologic agents. A questionnaire was distributed from 2006 to 2010 and answered by 186 patients, who were subjected to skin and/or nail sampling. Frequencies of the isolated fungal species were cross-linked with the data obtained with the questionnaire, seeking associations and predisposing factors. One hundred and sixty three fungal isolates were obtained, 24.2% of which composed by more than one fungal species. Most studies report the two pathologies as caused primarily by dermatophytes, followed by yeasts and lastly by non-dermatophytic moulds. Our study does not challenge this trend. We found a frequency of 15.6% of infections caused by dermatophytes (with a total of 42 isolates) of which T. rubrum was the most frequent species (41.4%). There was no significant association (p >0.05) among visible injury and the independent variables tested, namely age, gender, owning pet, education, swimming pools attendance, sports activity and clinical information. Unlike other studies, the variables considered did not show the expected influence on dermatomycosis of the lower limbs. It is hence necessary to conduct further studies to specifically identify which variables do in fact influence such infection

Diagnóstico da Tinea pedis e onicomicose em pacientes do Instituto Nacional de Saúde em Portugal: estudo de 4 anos

ABSTRACT - Tinea pedis and onychomycosis are two rather diverse clinical manifestations of superficial fungal infections, and their etiologic agents may be dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte moulds or yeasts. This study was designed to statistically describe the data obtained as results of analysis conducted during a four year period on the frequency of Tinea pedis and onychomycosis and their etiologic agents. A questionnaire was distributed from 2006 to 2010 and answered by 186 patients, who were subjected to skin and/or nail sampling. Frequencies of the isolated fungal species were cross-linked with the data obtained with the questionnaire, seeking associations and predisposing factors. One hundred and sixty three fungal isolates were obtained, 24.2% of which composed by more than one fungal species. Most studies report the two pathologies as caused primarily by dermatophytes, followed by yeasts and lastly by non-dermatophytic moulds. Our study does not challenge this trend. We found a frequency of 15.6% of infections caused by dermatophytes (with a total of 42 isolates) of which T. rubrum was the most frequent species (41.4%). There was no significant association (p >0.05) among visible injury and the independent variables tested, namely age, gender, owning pet, education, swimming pools attendance, sports activity and clinical information. Unlike other studies, the variables considered did not show the expected influence on dermatomycosis of the lower limbs. It is hence necessary to conduct further studies to specifically identify which variables do in fact influence such infections.RESUMO - Tinea pedis e onicomicose possuem uma grande diversidade nas suas formas clínicas. Os seus agentes etiológicos podem ser fungos dermatófitos, fungos filamentosos não dermatófitos ou leveduras. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o intuito de caracterizar estatisticamente os resultados provenientes de um estudo desenvolvido durante quatro anos sobre a frequência de Tinea pedis e de onicomicose e dos respetivos agentes etiológicos. Foi distribuído um questionário de 2006 a 2010, tendo o mesmo sido respondido por 186 pacientes, que foram submetidos a colheita de pele e/ou unhas. A frequência dos isolados das espécies fúngicas foi relacionada com os dados provenientes do questionário, procurando associações com fatores que se conhecem como favorecedores das infeções. Foram obtidos 163 isolados de espécies fúngicas, em que 24,2% apresentavam mais do que uma espécie. A maior parte dos estudos, que incidem nesta temática, referem os fungos dermatófitos como os agentes etiológicos mais comuns, seguidos pelas leveduras e pelos fungos filamentosos não dermatófitos. O nosso estudo corroborou os mesmos resultados. Os fungos dermatófitos apresentaram frequência de 15,6% (com um total de 42 isolados), em que o T. rubrum foi a espécie mais frequente (41,4%). Não se verificou associação significativa (p>0,05) entre lesão visível e as variáveis independentes testadas, designadamente: idade, sexo, animal de estimação, educação, frequência de piscinas, atividade física e informação clínica. Ao contrário de outros estudos, as variáveis testadas não apresentaram a influência esperada nas dermatomicoses dos membros inferiores, sendo por isso necessário realizar mais estudos para identificar as variáveis que influenciam ambas as infeções

Diagnóstico da Tinea pedis e onicomicose em pacientes do Instituto Nacional de Saúde em Portugal: estudo de 4 anos

ABSTRACT - Tinea pedis and onychomycosis are two rather diverse clinical manifestations of superficial fungal infections, and their etiologic agents may be dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte moulds or yeasts. This study was designed to statistically describe the data obtained as results of analysis conducted during a four year period on the frequency of Tinea pedis and onychomycosis and their etiologic agents. A questionnaire was distributed from 2006 to 2010 and answered by 186 patients, who were subjected to skin and/or nail sampling. Frequencies of the isolated fungal species were cross-linked with the data obtained with the questionnaire, seeking associations and predisposing factors. One hundred and sixty three fungal isolates were obtained, 24.2% of which composed by more than one fungal species. Most studies report the two pathologies as caused primarily by dermatophytes, followed by yeasts and lastly by non-dermatophytic moulds. Our study does not challenge this trend. We found a frequency of 15.6% of infections caused by dermatophytes (with a total of 42 isolates) of which T. rubrum was the most frequent species (41.4%). There was no significant association (p >0.05) among visible injury and the independent variables tested, namely age, gender, owning pet, education, swimming pools attendance, sports activity and clinical information. Unlike other studies, the variables considered did not show the expected influence on dermatomycosis of the lower limbs. It is hence necessary to conduct further studies to specifically identify which variables do in fact influence such infections.RESUMO - Tinea pedis e onicomicose possuem uma grande diversidade nas suas formas clínicas. Os seus agentes etiológicos podem ser fungos dermatófitos, fungos filamentosos não dermatófitos ou leveduras. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o intuito de caracterizar estatisticamente os resultados provenientes de um estudo desenvolvido durante quatro anos sobre a frequência de Tinea pedis e de onicomicose e dos respetivos agentes etiológicos. Foi distribuído um questionário de 2006 a 2010, tendo o mesmo sido respondido por 186 pacientes, que foram submetidos a colheita de pele e/ou unhas. A frequência dos isolados das espécies fúngicas foi relacionada com os dados provenientes do questionário, procurando associações com fatores que se conhecem como favorecedores das infeções. Foram obtidos 163 isolados de espécies fúngicas, em que 24,2% apresentavam mais do que uma espécie. A maior parte dos estudos, que incidem nesta temática, referem os fungos dermatófitos como os agentes etiológicos mais comuns, seguidos pelas leveduras e pelos fungos filamentosos não dermatófitos. O nosso estudo corroborou os mesmos resultados. Os fungos dermatófitos apresentaram frequência de 15,6% (com um total de 42 isolados), em que o T. rubrum foi a espécie mais frequente (41,4%). Não se verificou associação significativa (p>0,05) entre lesão visível e as variáveis independentes testadas, designadamente: idade, sexo, animal de estimação, educação, frequência de piscinas, atividade física e informação clínica. Ao contrário de outros estudos, as variáveis testadas não apresentaram a influência esperada nas dermatomicoses dos membros inferiores, sendo por isso necessário realizar mais estudos para identificar as variáveis que influenciam ambas as infeções

Responsabilidades legales laborales en la contratación de trabajadores contratistas del sector construcción en Colombia y cómo evitar su incumplimiento

La modalidad de contratación de trabajadores contratistas es una práctica normal del sector construcción en la que se adquiere responsabilidades legales por lo cual, bajo el análisis jurídico, se quiere identificar cuáles son sus consecuencias de su incumplimiento y si estas afectan directamente a las empresas del sector construcción en Colombia según su contexto. De ahí que, el objetivo principal de este artículo es plantear estrategias que eviten el incumplimiento de los riesgos legales laborales en la contratación de trabajadores contratistas del sector construcción. Para la metodología del artículo se realizó una revisión de fuentes bibliográficas en bases de datos y páginas especializadas según las tres temáticas principales: generalidad de la contratación, las responsabilidades legales laborales y las generalidades del sector construcción. En los resultados se presentaron cinco estrategias de mitigación, las cuales se describen de manera detallada a partir de los hallazgos de las temáticas analizadas. Estos resultados inclusive permitieron identificar que en su mayoría las estrategias de mitigación se encuentran disponibles a través de entidades del Estado y algunas en forma gratuita para implementación por parte de las empresas en general y sus contratistas. Sin embargo, para la puesta en marcha de una de las estrategias que se relacionan si es necesario el interés del Estado por ejercerlas, esta no depende de las empresas. Se concluye de manera general que, a pesar de la gran importancia del sector construcción para el País, los esfuerzos se orientan hacia otros objetivos lo que deja en evidencia las condiciones laborales desfavorables para sus trabajadores, y a su vez, los riesgos legales laborales que las empresas involucradas en toda la cadena de contratación asumen.Universidad Libre – Facultad de Derecho -- Especialización en Derecho Laboral y Seguridad SocialThe procedure to contract worker’s, is a normal practice in the construction business, in which legal responsibilities are acquired, under the legal analysis. We want to identify the consequences of a non -compliance at work, in which they are directed to the companies in Colombia, pertaining to their sectors and their context. Hence, the main objective of this article is to avoid the breach of labor strategies in hiring of contractor workers in the construction sector in Colombia. For the methods of this article, a review of bibliographic sources in databases were carried out according to the three main themes: General Contracting, Legal Labor Responsibilities and Generalities of the Construction Sector. In the results, five mitigation strategies were presented, which are described in detail based on the findings of the topics analyzed. These inclusive results made it possible to identify that most of the mitigation strategies are available through State entities and some are free for implementation by companies in general and their contractors. However, for the implementation of one of these strategies that are related, if necessary, the interest of the State to exercise them, this does not depend on the companies. It is generally concluded that, despite the great importance of the construction sector for the County, thus efforts are directed towards other objectives, which reveals the unfavorable working conditions for its workers, and in turn, the legal occupational risks that the companies in which are directly involved in the entire procurement

Historical review of the transformations of the unions in Colombia and their current foray into the metaverse

En este artículo se reflexionó sobre el desarrollo cronológico e histórico de los sindicatos para de esa forma analizar su incursión actual en el Metaverso. Inicialmente se plantea un contexto del fenómeno sindical a través de diferentes perspectivas como la nacional e internacional basándose en diferentes piezas teóricas como artículos reseñados por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y libros de autores como Ostau de Lafont de León, Edgar Ospina Duque, entre otros, quienes han realizado importantes pronunciamientos en cuanto al tema de esta investigación. Posterior a esta estructuración teórica, se desarrolla el análisis conceptual de esta nueva realidad denominada Metaverso, estableciendo su concepto y características, teniendo en cuenta que es un tema actual y muy novedoso, para hablar sobre ello se identifican fuentes como artículos digitales y diferentes teorías relacionadas con el tema. Finalmente se relacionan las variables, sindicatos y Metaverso, y, se concluye con la gran repercusión que tiene el derecho colectivo laboral en esta realidad naciente.Universidad Libre -- Facultad de derecho ll Ciencias Políticas y sociales -- Programa de DerechoIn this article we reflected on the chronological and historical development of the unions in order to analyze their current incursion into the Metaverse. Initially, a context of the union phenomenon is proposed through different perspectives such as national and international, based on different theoretical pieces such as articles reviewed by the International Labor Organization and books by authors such as Ostau de Lafont de León, Edgar Ospina Duque and among others. who have made important pronouncements regarding the subject of this research. After this theoretical structuring, the conceptual analysis of this new reality called Metaverse is developed, establishing its concept and characteristics, taking into account that it is a current and very novel topic, to talk about it, sources such as digital articles and different related theories are identified. with the subject as sociology and social constructionism. Finally, the variables, unions and Metaverse are related, and it concludes with the great repercussion that collective labor law has on this emerging reality

Detection of cryptic species of Aspergillus with reduced susceptibility to antifungal agents in hospitals

Invasive aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus spp. affecting mainly the immunocompromised. The mortality rate may reach 85%. Aspergillus identification should be based on molecular methods as there are species morphologically similar but distinct at the molecular level (cryptic species), with variable antifungal susceptibility profiles.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio