Viticultura en terrazas del Valle de Cembra en Italia: hacia la inclusión de la gestión sostenible del paisaje en las acciones de desarrollo orientadas a la calidad

Terraces represent the most wide-spread solution for steep hillslope cultivation. The elevated number of positive ecosystem services produced by the derived terraced landscapes when-well maintained are threatened by ongoing land-abandonment and landscape-irrespective agricultural transformation processes. In this manuscript, we analyzed the current state of the terraced area of Val di Cembra (Trentino-Italy). We aimed to analyze the reason behind the high rate of active maintenance of the terraced viticulture, discuss the main risks related to the introduction of intensive land management practices and list possible solutions for ensuring a long-term sustainable development of the area. We identified the wine-quality oriented development of viticulture, the realization of important infrastructure to ensure mobility and irrigation, and the strong sense of belonging still present also among young generations, the main factors determining the high rate of active maintenance of the terraced landscape. Besides the risk of obsolescence that affects the most marginal terraced areas of the valley, other risks are associated with the possible diffusion of landscape-indifferent land-arrangement and to the adoption of not traditional training systems, which may affect negatively the landscape value. Future perspectives need to enlarge the quality-oriented process undertaken in wine production to the whole territory. Including landscape in land management planning will ensure long-lasting sustainability of viticulture, matching the increasing demand for environmental services from the community and the consumers. Ongoing action in the Valley, that involve both private stakeholders and local authorities, are indicating the intention of the community to move in this direction.Las terrazas representan la solución más extendida para el cultivo en pendientes escarpadas. El número elevado de servicios ecosistémicos positivos producidos por paisajes con terrazas cuando están bien mantenidos se ve amenazado por el abandono continuo de la tierra y la transformación agrícola que no tiene en cuenta el paisaje. En este artículo, hemos analizado el estado actual de la zona de terrazas de Val di Cembra (Trentino-Italia). Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las causas detrás de la alta tasa de mantenimiento activo de la viticultura en terrazas, examinar los principales riesgos relacionados con la introducción de la gestión intensiva de la tierra y proponer posibles soluciones para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible a largo plazo de la zona. Hemos identificado los principales factores que determinan la elevada tasa de mantenimiento activo del paisaje en terrazas: el desarrollo de la viticultura orientado a la calidad del vino, la realización de infraestructuras importantes para garantizar la movilidad y el riego, y el fuerte sentido de pertenencia todavía presente también entre las generaciones jóvenes. Además del riesgo de obsolescencia que afecta a las zonas de terrazas más marginales del Valle, otros riesgos están asociados con la posible difusión de la transformación del territorio indiferente al paisaje y a la adopción de sistemas de cultivo que no son tradicionales, que pueden afectar negativamente el valor del paisaje. Las perspectivas futuras deben ampliar el proceso orientado a la calidad en la producción de vino en todo el territorio. La inclusión del paisaje en la planificación del manejo de la tierra garantizará una sostenibilidad duradera de la viticultura, respondiendo a la creciente demanda de servicios medioambientales por parte de la comunidad y de los consumidores. Proyectos en curso en el Valle, en los que participan tanto actores privados como autoridades locales, están indicando la intención de la comunidad de avanzar en esta dirección

Ecologia Digitale : Per una tecnologia a servizio di persone, società e ambiente

Il digitale è fisico. Questo libro spiega in che modo la rivoluzione digitale impatta su clima, ambiente, lavoratori e società. Un manifesto per il digitale sostenibile

Long-term Outcome of Children Born to Women with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentre, Nationwide Study on 299 Randomly Selected Individuals

The concern about the offspring's health is one of the reasons for a reduced family size of women with rheumatic diseases (RD). Increased risk of autoimmune diseases (AD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) has been reported in children born to patients with RD. Within a nationwide survey about reproductive issues of women with RD, we aimed at exploring the long-term outcome of their children. By surveying 398 patients who received their diagnosis of RD during childbearing age (before the age of 45), information about the offspring were obtained from 230 women who declared to have had children. A total of 148 (64.3%) patients were affected by connective tissue diseases (CTD) and 82 (35.7%) by chronic arthritis. Data on 299 children (156 males, 52.1%; mean age at the time of interview 17.1\ub19.7years) were collected. Twelve children (4.0%), who were born to patients with CTD in 75% of the cases, were affected by AD (8 cases of celiac disease). Eleven children had a certified diagnosis of ND (3.6%; 6 cases of learning disabilities); 9 of them were born to mothers with CTD (5 after maternal diagnosis). No association was found between ND and prenatal exposure to either maternal autoantibodies or anti-rheumatic drugs. Absolute numbers of offspring affected by AD and ND were low in a multicentre cohort of Italian women with RD. This information can be helpful for the counselling about reproductive issues, as the health outcomes of the offspring might not be an issue which discourage women with RD from having children

Was ist Unternehmenskultur?

Objective To assess fetal and maternal outcomes in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods Prospectively collected data on 99 women with SSc from 25 Italian centers were analyzed retrospectively. Women with SSc were observed during 109 pregnancies (from 2000 to 2011), and outcomes were compared to those in the general obstetric population (total of 3,939 deliveries). The maternal age at conception was a mean +/- SD 31.8 +/- 5.3 years, and the median disease duration at conception was 60 months (range 2193 months). Results SSc patients, compared to the general obstetric population, had a significantly increased frequency of preterm deliveries (25% versus 12%) and severe preterm deliveries (<34 weeks of gestation) (10% versus 5%), intrauterine growth restriction (6% versus 1%), and babies with very-low birth weight (5% versus 1%). Results of multivariable analysis showed that corticosteroid use was associated with preterm deliveries (odds ratio [OR] 3.63, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1211.78), whereas the use of folic acid (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.100.91) and presence of antiScl-70 antibodies (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.080.85) were protective. The disease remained stable in most SSc patients, but there were 4 cases of progression of disease within 1 year from delivery, all in antiScl-70 antibodypositive women, 3 of whom had a disease duration of <3 years. Conclusion Women with SSc can have successful pregnancies, but they have a higher-than-normal risk of preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, and babies with very-low birth weight. Progression of the disease during or after pregnancy is rare, but possible. High-risk multidisciplinary management should be standard for these patients, and pregnancy should be avoided in women with severe organ damage and postponed in women with SSc of recent onset, particularly if the patient is positive for antiScl-70 antibodies

Long-term follow-up of 320 children born to mothers with systemic autoimmune diseases: a multicentre italian survey from 24 rheumatology centres

Background/Purpose: Rheumatic Diseases (RD) frequently affect women during reproductive age, therefore counseling on family planning is crucial for their quality of life. Children’s outcome is a major topic, but no large studies are available. This study aimed at assessing the long-term health conditions of children born to women with RD. Methods: 24 Italian Rheumatology Centers distributed the questionnaire (65 multiple-choice and 12 open-answer questions) to consecutive patients (aged 18-55) during September 2015. Data were analyzed subdividing children upon maternal diagnosis: Chronic Arthritides (CA) and Connective Tissue Diseases (CTD). Results: Data were collected for 320 children (166 males, 52%) born to 184 mothers (63 CA and 121 CTD). At the time of interview, children had a mean age of 17.1±9.6 years. Pre-term delivery (<37 w) was observed in 72 cases (22.5%), including 13 (4%) cases born <34 w. The occurrence of an autoimmune/inflammatory disease (AIID) and/or neurodevelopmental disorders (ND)/learning disabilities (LD) is reported in Table 1. Twelve children (3.7%) were diagnosed with an AIID, mostly coeliac disease (8/12, 67%). Eleven children (3.4%) were diagnosed as having a ND and/or LD by a Pediatric Neuropsychiatrist. To rule out the possible effects of in utero exposure to maternal autoantibodies and/or anti-rheumatic drugs in the pathogenesis of ND, data on such exposures were retrieved for 280 children (87.5%) and a comparison was performed between affected (n=11) and not-affected children (n=258) as reported in Table 2. Conclusion: The long-term follow-up of children born to mothers with RD in this large, multicenter study of randomly interviewed women did not raise particular concerns in terms of relevant health problems. In particular, each AIID did not display a significantly increased frequency as compared to the literature (e.g. 2.5% coeliac disease as compared to 1-2% in the general pediatric population, GPP). Children with ND/LD had a tendency to cluster in the group of mothers with CTD, especially after maternal diagnosis, with a higher frequency as compared to GPP (7.9% vs 3%). No particular association with the in utero exposure to either autoantibodies or drugs was found. Therefore, our data suggest that the development of ND/LD in children of patients with RD cannot be linked exclusively to maternal disease. The results of this study can be reassuring for patients with RD about problems in the offspring possibly related to their disease