Conservation of wild mushrooms through electron beam irradiation

The high perishability is a characteristic of the mushrooms consumed in fresh. Therefore, it is mandatory the application of effective conservation technologies to preserve and protect their chemical composition and nutritional value. Drying processes are widely used, but do not avoid the development of bacteria and fungi which have the ability to survive for long periods of time in dry foods, causing the loss of some nutrients and leading to food browning and oxidation of lipids and vitamins [1]. Irradiation appears as an alternative to food preservation assuring and maintaining its quality [2]. In this work, the effects of electron beam irradiation and storage time on nutritional and chemical parameters of wild samples of Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, previously submitted to a drying process (oven at 30 ºC), were assessed. The wild mushroom samples were collected in Trás-os-Montes; electron beam irradiation (doses 0.5, 1 and 6 kGy) was carried out in the INCT- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland and the analyses were performed over the storage period (0, 6 and 12 months). The results were compared with a control (non-irradiated samples). The nutritional value was determined according to the official procedures of food analysis, while the profiles of fatty acids, tocopherols, mono and oligosaccharides were obtained by chromatographic techniques [1]. The irradiation showed a better capacity to maintain the nutritional and chemical profile, in comparison with the storage time. Effectively, the storage time had a significant effect in all parameters, but fatty acids undergone significant changes both with irradiation doses and storage time. Electron beam irradiation can be considered a suitable technique for conservation of mushrooms for long periods of time, attenuating the changes caused by the drying treatment.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), A. Fernandes (SFRH/BPD/114753/2016) and J.C.M. Barreira contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A MULHER NADADORA NA PERSPECTIVA DA REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO PHYSICA (1932-1945): DA ESTRATÉGIA PUBLICITÁRIA À ATLETA POTENCIAL

Artigo Rede CEDES - UFPR publicado no 1º ENCONTRO DA ALESDEApresenta-se uma análise histórica sobre a forma como a natação feminina, sobretudo a mulher nadadora, era abordada no interior da Revista Educação Physica. O presente estudo partiu do levantamento de todas as publicações do periódico (de 1932 a 1945), apresentando a descrição dos conteúdos publicados na Revista que falavam ou citavam a mulher na natação. Após a reflexão, concluiu-se que a mulher passou de estratégia editorial à atleta potencial sob a perspectiva desta Revista.Rede CEDE

Active Methodologies in Teaching Human Anatomy: An Integrative Review

Human anatomy is one of the fundamental disciplines for the training of health professionals, especially in the medical field. Its didactic origin is based on the European school where the body was dissected in amphitheaters and anatomical knowledge was transmitted from the teacher to his students. With the restructuring of medical curricula, and the use of active methodologies, seeking to make the student the center of the learning process, anatomy started to be taught in another way. This study carries out an integrative review in the Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases, from 2015 to 2020, about the active methodologies used in the teaching of human anatomy for the medical course. The PICo strategy was used to form the guiding question and the results were presented through the Prisma Flow diagram. It was found that there are a number of tools and strategies that can be used aiming at the active teaching of human anatomy, however, a common point observed in most works is the approach of joint use with cadavers and anatomical parts, thus seeking to stimulate the development of the skills and competences of medical students

Proposal for a tiered regulatory framework for the aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in Brazil

Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).Aquatic risk assessment is essential to guarantee the sustainable use of pesticides and the conservation of water resources near agricultural fields. This article discusses a proposal for a tiered regulatory framework for the aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in Brazil. The first step is problem formulation, which includes establishing general and specific protection goals. In the exposure assessment, the Estimated Environmental Concentrations in water should be calculated based on realistic worst-case assumptions regarding application rate and frequency, the entry into the edge-of-field water body, and fate in the water body, using scenario-dependent models suggested by the Brazilian Environmental Agency. These calculations can be refined by including Efate studies with variable exposures to reflect realistic environmental conditions accurately and include mitigation measures that impact the modeling. In the hazard assessment, ecotoxicological data for toxicity to fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, and aquatic plants should be required for all pesticides based on standardized protocols and species. Tier 2 has several refinement options, including incorporating toxicity data from additional test species and effect modeling. In Tier 3, population- and community-level effects are evaluated using semi-field studies. Considering the case study in Brazil, Tier 1 demonstrated that, from the 12 pesticides that were assessed, seven (58%) failed based on the value of the Risk Quotient. In Tier 2, when exposure refinement options and mitigation measures such as buffer zones are considered, all seven pesticides, for which Tier 1 indicated risk, still failed the assessment. The risk for four of these seven pesticides could be refined by considering toxicity information from additional species. Refinement options and mitigation measures that could be applied to the agricultural scenario in Brazil were discussed. In conclusion, the proposed tiered risk assessment is a feasible way to evaluate whether a pesticide will pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1514–1528.publishersversionpublishe

Diversity, chemical constituents and biological activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius raddi

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of various diseases. The secondary metabolites responsible for the pharmacological properties can be produced directly by the plant or by endophytic fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi of di erent parts of S. terebinthifolius and to identify chemical compounds produced by endophytes and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. For this, fruits, stem bark and roots were dried, ground and placed in fungal growth medium. The selected endophytes were grown and subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate. DPPH, FRAP, -carotene bleaching and antimicrobial assays were performed. The phylogenetic tree was elaborated, encompassing 15 di erent species. The fungal extracts showed hydroxybenzoic acids and 1-dodecanol as predominant compounds. All fungal extracts exhibited antioxidant activity. The fungal extracts exhibited bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial ATCC strains and against methicillin-resistant nosocomial bacteria. Among the 10 endophytic fungi evaluated, the extract of the fungus Ochrocladosporium elatum showed higher phenolic content and exhibited higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in all tests. Together, the results increase the known diversity of S. terebinthifolius endophytic fungi, secondary metabolites produced and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.Thisworkwas supported by grants fromFoundation to Support to Fundação deApoio aoDesenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado deMato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relação entre médicos e enfermeiros do Hospital Regional de Cáceres Dr. Antônio Fontes: a perspectiva do enfermeiro

A relação de poder e os conflitos entre profissionais médicos e enfermeiros, ao longo da história, são originados a partir da associação de diversos fatores, que vão desde a constituição da equipe multiprofissional até as questões salariais, o que concerne às duas principais categorias profissionais responsáveis pelo cuidado do paciente. O presente estudo pretende identificar os fatores que determinam a diferença de relação de poder entre os profissionais médicos e enfermeiros do Hospital Regional Dr. Antônio Fontes, em Cáceres-MT, na perspectiva do enfermeiro; evidenciar como essa relação se encontra hoje, se realmente existe a submissão do enfermeiro para com o médico. Para tanto, seis enfermeiras responderam a um questionário embasado na escala de Lickert sobre as assertivas que interferem na relação interprofissional, além de informações sobre aspectos pessoais e profissionais: idade, sexo e tempo de trabalho no hospital. Quanto as assertivas, destacam-se quatro fatores preventivos de conflitos (FPc) com Ranking Médio (RM) menor que 3,0 e dois fatores geradores de conflito (FGc), quais sejam: Comunicação Interprofissional (RM=2,83); Reconhecimento Interprofissional (RM=2,66); Condições de salário (RM=4,33); Divisões de tarefas (RM=3,16); Autoridade em relação a gênero (RM=1,5) e Reflexo no cliente (RM=1). Conclui-se que, na realidade analisada, o conflito é inexistente por haver uma relação favorável de fatores protetores (4FPc: 2FGc), porém o mesmo é iminente, devido à permanência de fatores que podem desencadeá-lo (“condições de salário” e “divisões de tarefas”). Todo e qualquer conflito entre a equipe multidisciplinar, principalmente médico e enfermeiro, desencadeará reflexos no cliente. Assim, faz-se necessária uma boa relação entre os mesmos.Palavras-chave: Relação de poder. Profissionais médicos e enfermeiros

EDUCAÇÃO MÉDICA EM SAÚDE E ESPIRITUALIDADE: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE À PRÁTICA CLÍNICA NO BRASIL

Spirituality has played a fundamental role in health care for centuries. Despite this, the philosophical movements of the 18th and 19th centuries and the technological advances of the early 20th century forged a reductionist model of health. Aiming to rescue the spiritual roots of Medicine, given the scarcity of humanistic elements in patient care, academics and medical professionals have encouraged research on the spiritual dimension of health, since the end of the last century. Also, during this period, started the movement of medical education on spirituality at universities. In Brazil, however, the academic involvement still faces limitations. For this reason, it is important to invest in the production of knowledge that corroborates scientific evidence in Brazil. In this sense, the current experience report aims to share, through a descriptive study, the learnings of doctors who had their professional qualifications positively impacted by the foundation of an Academic League of Health and Spirituality (LASE). The period covered by this report spanned from the year in which the League was created, 2017, to 2024, date that marks the two years following the doctors' graduation. Recounting their trajectory over the past eight years, the former founders of LASE detailed the actions they were part of, promoting teaching and research in health and spirituality, with subsequent application of the knowledge acquired in clinical practice. Thus, from published works and presentations at Congresses and the organization of events at University, to the dialogue on the spiritual needs of patients in the contexts of Primary Health Care (PHC) and Emergency services, the doctors adopted the approach of spirituality as an inseparable part of the health-disease process, contributing to the construction of new knowledge, legitimized by scientific evidence.A espiritualidade desempenhou por séculos um papel fundamental nos cuidados em saúde. Apesar disso, os movimentos filosóficos dos séculos XVIII e XIX e os avanços tecnológicos do início do século XX, forjaram um modelo reducionista de saúde. Visando resgatar as raízes espirituais da Medicina, frente à escassez de elementos humanísticos no atendimento ao paciente, acadêmicos e profissionais médicos fomentaram pesquisas sobre a dimensão espiritual da saúde, desde o final do século passado. Também nesse período teve início o movimento de educação médica sobre espiritualidade em Universidades. No Brasil, contudo, essa inclusão acadêmica ainda enfrenta limitações. Em razão disso, é importante investir na produção de conhecimentos que corroborem as evidências científicas no território brasileiro. Nesse sentido, o presente relato de experiência objetiva, por meio de um estudo descritivo, compartilhar os aprendizados de médicas que tiveram sua qualificação profissional positivamente impactada pela fundação de uma Liga Acadêmica de Saúde e Espiritualidade (LASE). O período do relato abrangeu desde o ano de criação da Liga, em 2017, até 2024, data que marca os dois anos que se seguiram à graduação das médicas. Retratando a trajetória ao longo desses oito anos, as antigas fundadoras da LASE detalharam as ações das quais fizeram parte, promovendo o ensino e a pesquisa em saúde e espiritualidade, com posterior aplicação dos conhecimentos adquiridos na prática clínica. Assim, desde trabalhos publicados e apresentados em Congressos e a organização de eventos na Universidade, até o diálogo sobre as necessidades espirituais dos pacientes nos contextos de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e de serviços de Emergência, as médicas adotaram a abordagem da espiritualidade como parte indissociável do processo saúde-doença, contribuindo com a construção de novos saberes, legitimados por evidências científicas

Tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura em filtros anaeróbios com diferentes tipos de meio suporte

Research using anaerobic filters as alternative materials to gravel becomes fundamental, especially if they are low cost, accessible and have high efficiency in the treatment of swine wastewater. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of anaerobic filters with different types of support media, as an alternative to gravel, in the treatment of swine wastewater. We carried out the experiment in a completely randomized design. The treatments were composed of anaerobic filters with four different media (gravel, bamboo, luffa sponge and foam), three replications in a time-repeated measurements scheme (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days post-filter establishment). To determine the efficiency of removal by the filters, we performed analysis of turbidity, total solids, biochemical oxygen demand (bod), total n and total p in the affluent to and effluent from the filters. Among the alternative media, bamboo presented an efficiency of removal of the evaluated attributes similar and, in most cases, superior to gravel. From 60 to 180 days of filter operation, the luffa sponge remained with high turbidity and total solids removals, with the greatest decrease at 240 days of operation. After two months of filter operation, the alternative support media exhibited bod and total n removal similar to that of gravel. At 240 days of operation, the filters containing luffa sponge and bamboo showed the highest total p removal.Pesquisas utilizando filtros anaeróbios com materiais alternativos à brita tornam-se fundamentais, principalmente se forem de baixo custo, acessíveis e possibilitem elevada eficiência no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de filtros anaeróbios com diferentes tipos de meio suporte, alternativos à brita, no tratamento de águas residuárias da suinocultura. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos compostos por filtros anaeróbios com quatro diferentes meios suportes (brita, bambu, bucha vegetal e espuma), três repetições em esquema de medidas repetidas no tempo, (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 dias pós-estabelecimento dos filtros). Para a determinação da eficiência de remoção nos filtros, análises de turbidez, sólidos totais, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), N-total e P-total foram realizadas no afluente e no efluente aos filtros. Dentre os meios suportes alternativos, o bambu apresentou eficiências de remoção dos atributos avaliados semelhantes e, na maioria das vezes, superiores à brita. Dos 60 aos 180 dias de operação dos filtros, a bucha vegetal manteve-se com elevadas remoções de turbidez e sólidos totais, tendo o maior decréscimo, aos 240 dias de operação. Após 2 meses de operação dos filtros, os meios suportes alternativos apresentaram remoções de DBO e N-total semelhantes à brita. Aos 240 dias de operação, os filtros contendo bucha vegetal e bambu apresentaram as maiores remoções de P-total

Microbiological quality, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, commonly known as Brazilian peppertree, is a plant species widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine for various purposes. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality, safety, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of different parts of S. terebinthifolius. Microbiological analysis of the methanolic extracts of the roots (MESR), stem bark (MESB) and leaves (MESL) of S. terebinthifolius showed no microbial growth. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometry. The phenolic compounds of the MESL were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and mass spectrometer (LC-DAD-MS). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radical (DPPH[rad]), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS[rad] + ), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), reducing power, β-carotene bleaching and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays in human erythrocytes. The antidiabetic properties of the extracts were demonstrated in vitro by their inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme and their anti-glycation activity via fructose and glyoxal. After showing no acute toxicity in vivo, MESL was able to lower postprandial glycemia after glucose overload in normoglycemic mice as well as the water and feed intake, liver weight, glycemia and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in diabetic mice. Overall, S. terebinthifolius extracts showed microbiological safety along with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, likely mediated by its chemical constituents, such as gallic acid, gallotannins and glycosylated flavonolsThis work was supported by grants from Foundation to Support to Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio