254 research outputs found
On the Persian Translations of Avicenna’s Ilāhiyyāt
The present study is intended to give a brief description of the translations
from Arabic to Persian of Ilāhiyyāt ([Science of] Divine Things) of Kitāb al-Šifāʾ
(Book of The Healing) by Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), with particular reference to the
manuscripts that are currently preserved in Iran and India. A complement to the
present research will be a systematic survey of other possible testimonia of the
translations in question, preserved in the geographical areas of the Middle East.
The second objective of the article is to present some hypotheses relating to the
manuscripts consulted, mostly dating from the period of the Safavid dynasty (XVIXVIII
c.), an epoch of extraordinary cultural vitality testified to by the large number
of comments and glosses on the works of the ‘great teachers’, as well as by the major
circulation of manuscripts in Iran and in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent
Incremental elastoplastic analysis for active macro-zones
In this paper a strategy to perform incremental elastoplastic analysis using the symmetric Galerkin boundary
element method for multidomain type problems is shown. The discretization of the body is performed
through substructures, distinguishing the bem-elements characterizing the so-called active macro-zones,
where the plastic consistency condition may be violated, and the macro-elements having elastic behaviour
only. Incremental analysis uses the well-known concept of self-equilibrium stress field here shown in a
discrete form through the introduction of the influence matrix (self-stress matrix). The nonlinear analysis
does not use updating of the elastic response inside each plastic loop, but at the end of the load increment
only. This is possible by using the self-stress matrix, both, in the predictor phase, for computing the stress
caused by the stored plastic strains, and, in the corrector phase, for solving a nonlinear global system, which
provides the elastoplastic solution of the active macro-zones. The use of active macro-zones gives rise to
a nonlocal and path-independent approach, which is characterized by a notable reduction of the number of
plastic iterations. The proposed strategy shows several computational advantages as shown by the results of
some numerical tests, reported at the end of this paper. These tests were performed using the Karnak.sGbem
code, in which the present procedure was introduced as an additional module
Multidomain Symmetric Galerkin BEM for non-linear analysis of masonries in-plane loaded
The preservation of the historical and monumental buildings, but also of the considerable heritage of old constructions made by traditional techniques, is one of the actual problems of the structural mechanics. The level of knowledge of their structural behavior in presence of external actions is made through calculus methods and simple procedures in order to allow a reading of the material suffering degree and as a consequence of the related safety.
In this paper an elastic analysis of walls, also in presence of geometrical nonlinearity consisting in the contact/detachment phenomenon among stone blocks. The wall having any shape and zone-wise variable physical characteristics is loaded in its plane. For these structures some interventions of structural strengthening have as aim to improve the wall behavior by reducing the stress concentration, so to have a better safety in comparison with its initial value
A symmetric BEM approach to strain gradient elasticity for 2D static boundary-value problems
The symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method is used to address a class of strain gradient
elastic materials featured by a free energy function of the (classical) strain and of its (first) gradient. With
respect to the classical elasticity, additional response variables intervene, such as the normal derivative of
the displacements on the boundary, and the work-coniugate double tractions. The fundamental solutions -
featuring a fourth order partial differential equations (PDEs) system - exhibit singularities which in 2D may
be of the order 4 1/ r .
New techniques are developed, which allow the elimination of most of the latter singularities.
The present paper has to be intended as a research communication wherein a part of the results, being
elaborated within a more general paper are reported
Aquatic Macrophytes Occurrence in Mediterranean Farm Ponds: Preliminary Investigations in North-Western Sicily (Italy)
Mediterranean wetlands are severely affected by habitat degradation and related loss of
biodiversity. In this scenario, the wide number of artificial farm ponds can play a significant role in the biodiversity conservation of aquatic flora. In the present contribution we show the preliminary results of a study on Mediterranean farm ponds of north-western Sicily (Italy), aimed to investigating the environmental factors linked to the occurrence of submerged macrophytes (vascular plants and charophytes). We studied the aquatic flora of 30 ponds and determined the chemical and isotopic composition of their water bodies on a subset of the most representative 10 sites. Results show that (1) farm ponds host few but interesting species, such as Potamogeton pusillus considered threatened at regional level; (2) Chara vulgaris, C. globularis and P. pusillus behave as disturbance-tolerant species, occurring both in nitrates-poor and nitrates-rich waters, whereas Stuckenia pectinata and Zannichellia palustris occur only in nitrates-poor waters. Although farm ponds are artificial and relatively poor habitats, these environments seem to be important for the aquatic flora and for the conservation of the local biodiversity, and can give useful information for the use of macrophytes as ioindicators in the Mediterranean area
Strain energy evaluation in structures having zone-wise physical-mechanical quantities
Among the possible aims of structural analysis inside some engineering spheres it can be useful to
know the strain energy stored in all or in a part of the structure caused by assigned external actions, like the
boundary and domain quantities. This serves to evaluate globally whether an assigned portion of structure
undergoes an excessive store of energy able to compromise the stability of all the structure. This evaluation
can be carried out through boundary work obtained using appropriate boundary generalized quantities
connected to the results of the analysis on the whole structure. The advantage consists in using a very
restricted number of quantities which, because of the characteristics of the method, are only evaluated on the
boundary. Some strategies used to evaluate the error made are introduced through the computation of the
external direct work and of the reciprocal works involving quantities only connected to the boundary of the
complementary domain and quantities connected to either the real boundary of the structure or the boundary
of its complementary domain. A reduction of this error is suggested
Displacements approach with external variables only for multi-domain analysis via symmetric BEM
In the present paper a new displacement method, defined as external variables one, is proposed inside the multidomain symmetric Boundary Element formulation.
This method is a natural evolution of the displacement approach with interface variables in the
multidomain symmetric BEM analysis. Indeed, the strategy employed has the advantage of considering only the kinematical quantities of the free boundary nodes and the algebraic operators involved show symmetry and very small dimensions. The proposed approach is characterized by strong condensation of
the mechanical and kinematical boundary nodes variables of the macro-elements. All the domain quantities, such as tractions and stresses, displacements and strains, are computed through the Somigliana Identities in a subsequent phase.
Some examples are shown using the calculus code Karnak.sGbem, by which it was possible to make some comparisons with analytical solutions andothe rapproaches to show the effectiveness of the method propose
Elastoplastic analysis by active macro-zones with linear kinematic hardening and von Mises materials
In this paper a strategy to perform elastoplastic analysis with linear kinematic hardening
for von Mises materials under plane strain conditions is shown. The proposed approach
works with the Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method applied to multidomain
problems using a mixed variables approach, to obtain a more stringent solution. The elastoplastic
analysis is carried out as the response to the loads and the plastic strains, the latter
evaluated through the self-equilibrium stress matrix. This matrix is used both, in the predictor
phase, for trial stress evaluation and, in the corrector phase, for solving a nonlinear
global system which provides the elastoplastic solution of the active macro-zones, i.e. those
zones collecting bem-elements where the plastic consistency condition has been violated.
The simultaneous use of active macro-zones gives rise to a nonlocal approach which is
characterized by a large decrease in the plastic iteration number, although the proposed
strategy requires the inversion and updating of Jacobian operators generally of big dimensions.
A strategy developed in order to reduce the computational efforts due to the use of
this matrix, in a recursive process, is shown
MACRO-ZONES SGBEM APPROACH FOR STATIC SHAKEDOWN ANALYSIS AS CONVEX OPTIMIZATION
A new strategy utilizing the Multidomain SGBEM for rapidly performing shakedown analysis as
a convex optimization problem has been shown in this paper. The present multidomain approach, called
displacement method, makes it possible to consider step-wise physically and geometrically nonhomogeneous
materials and to obtain a self-equilibrium stress equation regarding all the bem-elements of the
structure. Since this equation includes influence coefficients, which characterize the input of the quadratic
constraints, it provides a nonlinear optimization problem solved as a convex optimization problem.
Furthermore, the strategy makes it possible to introduce a domain discretization exclusively of zones
involved by plastic strain storage, leaving the rest of the structure as elastic macroelements, consequently
governed by few boundary variables. It limits considerably the number of variables in the problem and
makes the proposed strategy extremely advantageous. The implementation of the procedure by the
Karnak.sGbem code, coupled with optimization toolbox Matlab 7.6.0, made it possible to perform some
numerical tests showing the high performance of the algorithm due to solution accuracy and low
computational cost
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