Construction, characterization and antibacterial activity of pyrazolone, thiohydantoin and their derivatives

Heterocyclic organic compounds play pivotal roles in drug synthesis and continue to remain a fundamental area of research interest. The present study reports the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of synthesized organic compounds containing pyrazolone and thiohydantoin moieties. Pyrazolone and thiohydantoin scaffolds have been constructed using well-defined methods and their derivatives have been synthesized Structural elucidation has been achieved via IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity at 50 μg/mL concentration, against three pathogenic micro-organisms, viz: E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa, using the agar diffusion cup plate method. Ciprofloxacin is used as control. Interestingly, all the compounds have exhibited antimicrobial activities. Compound 2b have shown the highest sensitivity against P. aeruginosa with ZOI of 13 mm. Compounds 1a and 2a have shown highest activity against K.pneumoniawith ZOI 11 mm each. Compound 2a has shown highest sensitivity against E. coli with ZOI of 8 mm. These findings indicate that the synthesized compounds are pure and possess therapeutic properties

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Construction, characterization and antibacterial activity of pyrazolone, thiohydantoin and their derivatives

1323-1327Heterocyclic organic compounds play pivotal roles in drug synthesis and continue to remain a fundamental area of research interest. The present study reports the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of synthesized organic compounds containing pyrazolone and thiohydantoin moieties. Pyrazolone and thiohydantoin scaffolds have been constructed using well-defined methods and their derivatives have been synthesized Structural elucidation has been achieved via IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity at 50 μg/mL concentration, against three pathogenic micro-organisms, viz: E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa, using the agar diffusion cup plate method. Ciprofloxacin is used as control. Interestingly, all the compounds have exhibited antimicrobial activities. Compound 2b have shown the highest sensitivity against P. aeruginosa with zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 13 mm. Compounds 1a and 2a have shown highest activity against K.pneumonia with ZOI 11 mm each. Compound 2a has shown highest sensitivity against E. coli with ZOI of 8 mm. These findings indicate that the synthesized compounds are pure and possess therapeutic properties

Ion channel expression and function in normal and osteoarthritic human synovial fluid progenitor cells

<p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease affecting the cartilage of over 15% of Canadians. Synovial fluid mesenchymal progenitor cells (sfMPCs) are present in joints and are thought to contribute to healing. OA sfMPCs have a greater proliferative ability but decreased chondrogenic potential. However, little is known about the factors influencing/regulating the differences between normal and OA sfMPCs. Recently, our lab has shown that sfMPC chondrogenic differentiation <i>in vitro</i> is favorably biased toward a similar osmotic environment as they experience <i>in vivo</i>. The current study now examines the expression and functionality of a variety of ion channels in sfMPCs derived from normal individuals and early OA patients. Results indicated that there is differential ion channel regulation at the functional level and expression level in early OA sfMPCs. All ion channels were upregulated in early OA compared to normal sfMPCs with the exception of KCNMA1 at the mRNA level. At the protein level, TRPV4 was over expressed in early OA sfMPCs, while KCNJ12 and KCNMA1 were unchanged between normal and early OA sfMPCs. At the functional level, the inward rectifying potassium channel was under expressed in early OA sfMPCs, however the membrane potential was unchanged between normal and early OA sfMPCs. In the synovial environment itself, a number of differences in ion concentration between normal and early OA synovial fluid were observed. These findings suggest that normal and OA progenitor cells demonstrate functional differences in how they interact with the synovial ion environment.</p

Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant from MRL/MpJ Super-Healer Mice Does Not Improve Articular Cartilage Repair in the C57Bl/6 Strain.

Articular cartilage has been the focus of multiple strategies to improve its regenerative/ repair capacity. The Murphy Roths Large (MRL/MpJ) "super-healer" mouse demonstrates an unusual enhanced regenerative capacity in many tissues and provides an opportunity to further study endogenous cartilage repair. The objective of this study was to test whether the super-healer phenotype could be transferred from MRL/MpJ to non-healer C57Bl/6 mice by allogeneic bone marrow transplant.The healing of 2mm ear punches and full thickness cartilage defects was measured 4 and 8 weeks after injury in control C57Bl/6 and MRL/MpJ "super-healer" mice, and in radiation chimeras reconstituted with bone marrow from the other mouse strain. Healing was assessed using ear hole diameter measurement, a 14 point histological scoring scale for the cartilage defect and an adapted version of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scale for assessment of osteoarthritis in mouse knee joints.Normal and chimeric MRL mice showed significantly better healing of articular cartilage and ear wounds along with less severe signs of osteoarthritis after cartilage injury than the control strain. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, bone marrow transplant from MRL mice did not confer improved healing on the C57Bl/6 chimeras, either in regards to ear wound healing or cartilage repair.The elusive cellular basis for the MRL regenerative phenotype still requires additional study and may possibly be dependent on additional cell types external to the bone marrow

Impedance Spectroscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Single Crystals: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Solutions

Metal halide perovskite single crystals (MHPSCs) are gaining enormous attention in the energy research community due to their impressive responses both in optical sensing and in photovoltaics. The switching from polycrystalline to monocrystalline morphology, not only allows to maintain the outstanding properties that characterize perovskite materials, but also enhances them. However, the poor control over the thickness and size during growing methods leads to considerable differences between surface and bulk responses. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) has been revealed as a powerful technique to understand the kinetics governing polycrystalline perovskite materials. The ionic migration, trap states, and recombination mechanisms occurring in both bulk and surface of the MHPSCs, need to be analyzed in depth to exploit their full potential. Here, we highlight the importance of IS to further advance our knowledge about monocrystalline perovskite materials, bringing to the table the relevance of other small perturbation techniques to complement the IS