Sistem Perakaran dan Karakter Agronomis Beberapa Genotipe Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Kondisi Budidaya Aerob

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini terkait dengan budidaya organik aerob. Sistem budidaya aerob memiliki kelebihan pada akar tanaman yang dapat menyebabkan akar tanaman mendapatkan lebih banyak oksigen sehingga perkembangannya menjadi lebih baik, pertumbuhan tanaman menjadi lebih baik dan memberikan hasil yang optimal. budidaya aerobik membutuhkan lebih sedikit air di tingkat lapangan daripada beras konvensional. Sistem aerobik juga paling cocok untuk padi gogo atau padi tadah hujan yang membutuhkan air yang relatif lebih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem akar dan karakter agronomi beberapa genotipe padi dalam kondisi budidaya aerobik. Penelitian ini tidak menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan non faktorial yang diteliti terdiri dari 16 genotipe padi yang dibudidayakan organik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa budidaya padi aerob secara organik berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman saat panen, berat 1000 butir dan indeks hasil. Namun, berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap berat gabah berisi dan hampa

KEBERADAAN PENYAKIT KARAT DAUN (Hemileia vastatrix B. ET BR.) PADA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT BERBEDA

Salah satu organisme pengganggu tanaman yang sering menyerang pertanaman kopi adalah Hemileia vastatrix. Patogen ini dikenal sebagai penyebab penyakit Karat daun kopi. H. vastatrix menjadi patogen utama bagi tanaman kopi, sebab serangan jamur ini pada pertanaman kopi dapat menimbulkan kerugian yang berarti. Tinggi rendahnya serangan patogen ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi keberadaan penyakit karat daun kopi pada lahan tanaman kopi dengan ketinggian tempat yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perkebunan kopi arabika di Kecamatan Silih Nara, Celala, dan Bies. Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kejadian penyakit dan intensitas penyakit tidak berbeda nyata pada ketinggian tempat berbeda. Tingkat kejadian penyakit tertinggi berdasarkan ketinggian tempat yaitu 51% dan terendah 41%. Sedangkan pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap tingkat intensitas penyakit tidak terlalu tinggi antara semua sub ketinggian. Intensitas tertinggi terdapat pada sub ketinggian 1.100-1300 dpl yaitu 10,88% dan terendah pada sub ketinggian 1.300-1.500 dpl yaitu 8,69%. Secara keseluruhan perbedaan tingkat keparahan penyakit tertinggi dapat dilihat pada pengamatan pertama dan mengalami penurunan pada pengamatan terakhir. Tingkat kejadian penyakit dan intensitas penyakit pada pengamatan masih tergolong rendah, akan tetapi perlu adanya antisipasi terhadap potensi serangan patogen H.vastatrix yang lebih parah akibat dampak dari perubahan iklim secara global

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN KANGKUNG (IPOMOEA AQUATICA FORSK.) SEBAGAI FUNGISIDA NABATI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (COLLETOTRICHUM CAPSICI) PADA BUAH CABAI.

Salah satu kendala dalam meningkatkan hasil produksi cabai adalah banyaknya serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian guna meminimalisir resiko yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun kangkung dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa (Colletotrichum capsici) pada buah cabai. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 4 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali untuk penelitian secara in-vitro dan in-vivo, sehingga masing-masing diperoleh 16 unit percobaan. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 4 taraf perlakuan ekstrak kangkung yaitu, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%. Hasil penelitian secara in-vitro menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kangkung mampu menghambat pertumbuhan diameter koloni C.capsici. Diameter terendah yaitu 28 mm terdapat pada perlakuan ekstrak kangkung 20%. Percobaan secara in-vivo menunjukkan bahwa diameter bercak tertinggi pada 7 HSA terdapat pada konsentrasi ekstrak kangkung 5% yaitu 7,8 mm dan terendah 7 mm pada konsentrasi 20%. Pemberian ekstrak kangkung untuk semua konsentrasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase kejadian penyakit dan intensitas penyakit. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun kangkung pada konsentrasi sampai 20 % belum mampu mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada buah cabai yang di sebabkan oleh C.capsici.Kata Kunci : Ekstrak, Nabati, Antraknosa, Buah caba

KEBERADAAN PENYAKIT KARAT DAUN (HEMILEIA VASTATRIX BERK. ET BR.) PADA LAHAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA KOPI ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK DI KETINGGIAN TEMPAT BERBEDA

Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br. dikenal dengan penyakit karat daun kopi yang merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada pertanaman kopi arabika. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan patogen H. vastatrix sangat erat kaitannya dengan lingkungan dan cara petani dalam berbudidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi keberadaan penyakit karat daun kopi pada ketinggian berbeda baik yang dikelola secara organik maupun anorganik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perkebunan kopi arabika di Kecamatan Silih Nara, Celala, dan Bies. Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian penyakit dan intensitas penyakit tertinggi terdapat pada ketinggian 1.100-1.300 dpl dan terendah pada 1.300-1.500 dpl. Sementara itu, pada lahan anorganik tingkat kejadian penyakit dan intensitas penyakit lebih rendah dibanding lahan organik. Secara umum tingkat kejadian penyakit masih tergolong sedang, yaitu berkisar 41-51% dan intensitas penyakit masih rendah yaitu 9-11%.Kata kunci : H. vastatrix Berk. et Br., ketinggian tempat, budidaya kopi

Flow cytofluorimetric analysis of anti-LRP4 (LDL receptor-related protein 4) autoantibodies in Italian patients with Myasthenia gravis

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which 90% of patients have autoanti-bodies against the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), while autoantibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) have been detected in half (5%) of the remaining 10%. Recently, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4(LRP4), identified as the agrin receptor, has been recognized as a third autoimmune target in a significant portion of the double sero-negative (dSN) myasthenic individuals, with variable frequency depending on different methods and origin countries of the tested population. There is also convincing experimental evidence that anti-LRP4 autoantibodies may cause MG. Methods: The aim of this study was to test the presence and diagnostic significance of anti-LRP4 autoantibodies in an Italian population of 101 myasthenic patients (55 dSN, 23 AChR positive and 23 MuSK positive), 45 healthy blood donors and 40 patients with other neurological diseases as controls. All sera were analyzed by a cell-based antigen assay employing LRP4-transfected HEK293T cells, along with a flow cytofluorimetric detection system. Results: We found a 14.5% (8/55) frequency of positivity in the dSN-MG group and a 13% frequency of co-occurrence (3/23) in both AChR and MuSK positive patients; moreover, we report a younger female prevalence with a mild form of disease in LRP4-positive dSN-MG individuals. Conclusion: Our data confirm LRP4 as a new autoimmune target, supporting the value of including anti-LRP4 antibodies in further studies on Myasthenia gravis

Hematopietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Thalassemia and Related Disorders

The basis of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation in thalassemia consists in substituting the ineffective thalassemic erythropoiesis with and allogeneic effective one. This cellular replacement therapy is an efficient way to obtain a long lasting, probably permanent, clinical effective correction of the anaemia avoiding transfusion requirement and subsequent complications like iron overload. The first HSC transplant for thalassemia was performed in Seattle on Dec 2, 1981. In the early eighties transplantation procedure was limited to very few centres worldwide. Between 17 December 1981 and 31 January 2003, over 1000 consecutive patients, aged from 1 to 35 years, underwent transplantation in Pesaro. After the pioneering work by the Seattle and Pesaro groups, this therapeutic approach is now widely applied worldwide. Medical therapy of thalassemia is one of the most spectacular successes of the medical practice in the last decades. In recent years advances in knowledge of iron overload patho-physiopathology, improvement and diffusion of diagnostic capability together with the development of new effective and safe oral chelators promise to further increase success of medical therapy. Nevertheless situation is dramatically different in non-industrialized countries were the very large majority of patients live today. Transplantation technologies have improved substantially during the last years and transplantation outcome is likely to be much better today than in the ‘80s. Recent data indicated a probability of overall survival and thalassemia free survival of 97% and 89% for patients with no advanced disease and of 87% and 80% for patients with advanced disease. Thus the central role of HSC in thalassemia has now been fully established. HSC remains the only definitive curative therapy for thalassemia and other hemoblobinopathies. The development of oral chelators has not changed this position. However this has not settled the controversy on how this curative but potentially lethal treatment stands in front of medical therapy for adults and advanced disease patients. In sickle cell disease HSC transplantation currently is reserved almost exclusively for patients with clinical features that indicate a poor outcome or significant sickle-related morbidity

Renal Function Outcomes in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients Treated with Chemotherapy or Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Unexpected Scenario

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) are effective therapeutic agents for the palliative treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); the aim of our study was to investigate the acute and chronic renal toxicities in this setting. We collected data on 292 patients who received cisplatin (35%), carboplatin-based regimens (25%), or ICI monotherapy (40%). The primary and secondary outcomes were compared to the acute kidney injury (AKI) rate and the mean estimated GFR (eGFR) decay between groups, respectively, over a mean follow-up duration of 15 weeks. We observed 26 AKI events (8.9%), mostly stage I AKI (80.7%); 15% were stage II AKI, 3.8% were stage III, and none required renal replacement therapy or ICU admission. The AKI rates were 10.9%, 6.8%, and 8.9% for the cisplatin, carboplatin, and ICI groups, respectively, and no significant differences were observed between the groups (p = 0.3). A global mean eGFR decay of 2.2 mL/min was observed, while for the cisplatin, carboplatin, and ICI groups, the eGFR decay values were 2.3 mL/min, 1.1 mL/min, and 3.5 mL/min, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the groups. Cisplatin/carboplatin-based CT and ICIs resulted in a similar incidence of AKI and eGFR decay, suggesting the safety of their cautious use, even in CKD patients

Flow Cytofluorimetric Analysis of Anti-LRP4 (LDL Receptor-Related Protein 4) Autoantibodies in Italian Patients with Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which 90% of patients have autoantibodies against the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), while autoantibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) have been detected in half (5%) of the remaining 10%. Recently, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), identified as the agrin receptor, has been recognized as a third autoimmune target in a significant portion of the double sero-negative (dSN) myasthenic individuals, with variable frequency depending on different methods and origin countries of the tested population. There is also convincing experimental evidence that anti-LRP4 autoantibodies may cause MG

The genetic architecture of membranous nephropathy and its potential to improve non-invasive diagnosis

Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is a rare autoimmune cause of kidney failure. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for primary MN in 3,782 cases and 9,038 controls of East Asian and European ancestries. We discover two previously unreported loci, NFKB1 (rs230540, OR = 1.25, P = 3.4 × 10−12) and IRF4 (rs9405192, OR = 1.29, P = 1.4 × 10−14), fine-map the PLA2R1 locus (rs17831251, OR = 2.25, P = 4.7 × 10−103) and report ancestry-specific effects of three classical HLA alleles: DRB1*1501 in East Asians (OR = 3.81, P = 2.0 × 10−49), DQA1*0501 in Europeans (OR = 2.88, P = 5.7 × 10−93), and DRB1*0301 in both ethnicities (OR = 3.50, P = 9.2 × 10−23 and OR = 3.39, P = 5.2 × 10−82, respectively). GWAS loci explain 32% of disease risk in East Asians and 25% in Europeans, and correctly re-classify 20–37% of the cases in validation cohorts that are antibody-negative by the serum anti-PLA2R ELISA diagnostic test. Our findings highlight an unusual genetic architecture of MN, with four loci and their interactions accounting for nearly one-third of the disease risk

The genetic architecture of membranous nephropathy and its potential to improve non-invasive diagnosis

Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is a rare autoimmune cause of kidney failure. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for primary MN in 3,782 cases and 9,038 controls of East Asian and European ancestries. We discover two previously unreported loci, NFKB1 (rs230540, OR = 1.25, P = 3.4 × 10-12) and IRF4 (rs9405192, OR = 1.29, P = 1.4 × 10-14), fine-map the PLA2R1 locus (rs17831251, OR = 2.25, P = 4.7 × 10-103) and report ancestry-specific effects of three classical HLA alleles: DRB1*1501 in East Asians (OR = 3.81, P = 2.0 × 10-49), DQA1*0501 in Europeans (OR = 2.88, P = 5.7 × 10-93), and DRB1*0301 in both ethnicities (OR = 3.50, P = 9.2 × 10-23 and OR = 3.39, P = 5.2 × 10-82, respectively). GWAS loci explain 32% of disease risk in East Asians and 25% in Europeans, and correctly re-classify 20-37% of the cases in validation cohorts that are antibody-negative by the serum anti-PLA2R ELISA diagnostic test. Our findings highlight an unusual genetic architecture of MN, with four loci and their interactions accounting for nearly one-third of the disease risk