Relaciones sociales de género de las matronas en una comarca rural de España

Objective: Increasingly research is giving more importance to Women’s Studies taking into account the context of gender-based social relationships. From this theoretical framework we have focused on the work carried out by midwives in a rural district in southern Spain (Sierra Mágina, Jaén), in order to learn about the social relationships established around their profession.Design: Ethnographic qualitative research using personal interviews and discussion groups.Setting: Rural district of Sierra Mágina (Jaén, Spain).Participants: 9 midwives and 11 close relatives of midwives from this rural district who worked there during the second half of the twentieth century. Also, there were 16 discussion groups with women from towns in the district who had been assisted by midwives.Findings: We have described and analysed discussions with both informants and midwives themselves, the relationships the midwives established in the community and with other health professionals in the districts where they worked.Conclusions: The study of the daily interaction between neighbours and healthcare professionals, and the study of the impact caused by the work performed by midwives brings us closer to their reality, their status, and empowerment.Objetivos: Son muchas las investigaciones que cada vez dan más importancia al Estudio de las Mujeres teniendo en cuenta el contexto de las relaciones sociales de género. Desde este marco teórico nos hemos acercado a las matronas que realizaron su trabajo en una comarca rural situada en el sur de España (Sierra Mágina, Jaén) para conocer las relaciones sociales que configuraron en torno a su profesión.Diseño. Investigación cualitativa etnográfica mediante entrevistas individuales y grupos de discusión.Lugar: Comarca rural de Sierra Mágina (Jaén, España).Participantes: 9 matronas y 11 familiares directos de matronas de esta comarca que ejercieron la profesión en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. 16 grupos de discusión con mujeres de los pueblos de la comarca con experiencias de haber sido atendidas por matronas.Hallazgos: Hemos descrito y analizado a través de informantes y matronas, las relaciones que éstas últimas establecieron con la comunidad y otros profesionales de la salud en los municipios donde trabajaron. Con la comunidad unas matronas establecieron relaciones jerárquicas y otras relaciones igualitarias. Con practicantes y ayudantes técnicos sanitarios (ATS) configuraron relaciones basadas en intereses laborales; con médicos las relaciones fueron complejas y estrechas dada la interdependencia a la que estaban sometidos, y con parteras, en general, las relaciones fueron distantes aunque a veces hubo relaciones de conveniencia.Conclusiones: El estudio de las relaciones diarias entre vecinos y profesionales de la salud, y el estudio del impacto de la labor realizada por las matronas nos acerca a su realidad, a su estatus, y a las relaciones de poder

Pressure ulcers epidemiology in Spain in 2013: results from the 4th National Prevalence Survey

Objetivos: 1) establecer la prevalencia de úlceras por presión (UPP) en hospitales, centros sociosanitarios (CSS) y atención primaria en España; 2) determinar la frecuencia de UPP nosocomiales (generadas durante la estancia en hospitales o CSS), y 3) describir las características de los pacientes y de las lesiones identificadas. Métodos: encuesta epidemiológica, transversal, mediante cuestionario dirigido a profesionales que trabajen en centros sanitarios y sociosanitarios, públicos o privados, en España. Realizada entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de mayo de 2013. Variables: descripción de los centros, población ingresada o atendida y pacientes con UPP, características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes. Se calcula prevalencia bruta y prevalencia media para cada uno de los tres niveles asistenciales. Resultados: se obtuvieron 509 cuestionarios válidos, un 66,7% son de hospitales, un 21,6% de atención primaria y un 16,7% de CSS. Las cifras de prevalencia obtenidas son: en hospitales, en adultos 7,87% (IC 95%: 7,31-8,47%); en unidades pediátricas de hospitales, 3,36% (IC 95%: 1,44-7,61%); en CSS, 13,41% (IC 95%: 12,6-14,2%), y en atención primaria, 0,44% (IC 95%: 0,41-0,47%) entre mayores de 65 años y 8,51% (IC 95%: 7,96-9,1%) entre pacientes en programas de atención domiciliaria. La prevalencia es más alta en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), llegando al 18%. Son UPP nosocomiales un 65,6% del total y solo un 29,4% se han producido en los domicilios. El mayor porcentaje de las lesiones es de categoría 2, con un tiempo de evolución de 30 días (mediana) y un área de 6 cm2 (mediana). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de UPP en España no ha disminuido en 2013 respecto a años anteriores, e incluso se ha duplicado en los CSS. En hospitales, las UCI son las unidades con mayor prevalencia. En los CSS, hay una prevalencia más alta en los privados frente a los públicos. Casi dos tercios de todas las UPP son de origen nosocomial (hospitales o CSS), lo que indica un fallo en la prevención de estas lesiones.Aim: 1) To determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) at hospitals, nursing homes (NH) and the community in Spain; 2) To determine the frequency of nosocomial PU (those acquired during patients’ stay at hospital or NH), y 3) To describe the characteristics of the patients and ulcers. Methods: Cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire aimed to nurses working at hospitals, nursing homes and primary care, both publics and privates, in Spain. Date: from 1st March to 31th May in 2013. Variables: Description of the centres, number of in-patients or residents at NH and number of patients with PU, demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. For each one of the 3 settings, crude prevalence and average prevalence was calculated. Results: 509 valid questionnaires were obtained; 66.7% from hospitals; 21.6% from community care and 16.7% from nursing homes. Prevalence percentages: at hospitals, adults: 7,87% (CI95%: 7,31–8,47%); paediatric units, 3,36% (CI95%: 1,44–7,61%); nursing homes 13,41% (CI95%: 12,6–14,2%); and community care, 0,44% (CI 95%: 0,41–0,47%) among older than 65 years and 8,51% (CI95%: 7,96–9,1%) among people in home care programs. The Intensive Care Units (ICU) have the highest prevalence, reaching the 18%. On the whole, 65.5% of the PU are nosocomials and only the 29.4% were developed at homes. The majority of the lesions are classified in category 2. The duration of 30 days (as median) and the area was of 6 cm2 (median). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of PU is not decreasing, from previous studies; and even it has doubled in nursing homes. At hospitals, the ICU are the places with highest prevalence. When considering the nursing homes, the private ones have higher prevalence than the public ones. Two-thirds of the PU has a nosocomial origin (hospitals or nursing homes), what could mean a failure in prevention.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento sobre Úlceras Por Presión y Heridas Crónicas (GNEAUPP), por el grupo de investigación “Enfermería” CTS-464 de la Universidad de Jaén y mediante una beca de investigación de la División de Curación de Heridas de Smith&Nephew S.A

Influence of methyl donor nutrients as epigenetic regulators in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of observational studies

BACKGROUNDDietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether the influence of methyl donor intake is modified by polymorphisms in such epigenetic regulators is still unclear.AIMTo improve the current understanding of the molecular basis of CRC.METHODSA literature search in the Medline database, Reference Citation Analysis (https:// www.referencecitationanalysis.com/), and manual reference screening were performed to identify observational studies published from inception to May 2022.RESULTSA total of fourteen case-control studies and five cohort studies were identified. These studies included information on dietary methyl donors, dietary components that potentially modulate the bioavailability of methyl groups, genetic variants of methyl metabolizing enzymes, and/or markers of CpG island methylator phenotype and/or microsatellite instability, and their possible interactions on CRC risk.CONCLUSIONSeveral studies have suggested interactions between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms, methyl donor nutrients (such as folate) and alcohol on CRC risk. Moreover, vitamin B-6, niacin, and alcohol may affect CRC risk through not only genetic but also epigenetic regulation. Identification of specific mechanisms in these interactions associated with CRC may assist in developing targeted prevention strategies for individuals at the highest risk of developing CRC.Supported by The Basque Government (BIOMICs Research Group, MICROFLUIDICs & BIOMICs Cluster of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU), No. IT1633-22

Práctica basada en evidencia en estudiantes de enfermería colombianos

Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de competencias sobre Práctica Basada en Evidencia en estudiantes de un programa de Enfermería de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Mediante un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional, el estudio se desarrolló en 2 fases. La primera fase consistió en la adaptación cultural y validación de contenido del cuestionario de Competencias en Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (CACH-PBE) al contexto Colombiano; este instrumento valora tres factores: Actitudes, Habilidades y Conocimientos. En la segunda fase se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra de 291 estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de una Universidad de Cúcuta, Colombia, durante el primer semestre del 2016.  Resultados. Se encontró un promedio de edad de 20 años, de género femenino en su mayoría, el 57,4 % de ellos no tenía ninguna formación previa sobre PBE y el 57.1 % la había recibido en metodología de investigación. La puntuación global de competencia en PBE fue de 3,58 sobre un máximo de 5, destacando la dimensión Actitudes hacia la PBE con mayor puntuación y la dimensión Conocimientos con menor; encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas a mayor medida en que los estudiantes se encontraban en un semestre superior. Conclusiones. Los estudiantes obtuvieron un nivel medio en competencias para la PBE, asociándose un impacto positivo de la formación académica recibida, ya que en los últimos semestres se evidenció mayor puntuación con respecto a los primeros.PALABRA CLAVE: enfermería basada en evidencia, conocimiento, aptitud, estudiantes de enfermería. PRACTICE BASED ON EVIDENCE FROM COLOMBIAN NURSING STUDENTSABSTRACT Objective: To determine the level of competence regarding Practice Based on Evidence in students of a nursing program in Colombia. Materials and methods: Through a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational design, the study was developed in two phases. The first phase, consisted on the cultural adaptation and validation of the content of the questionnaire of Competitions in Practice Based on Evidence (CACH-PBE) to the Colombian context; this instrument evaluates 3 factors: attitudes, skills, and understanding. In the second phase, the questionnaire was applied to a sample of 291 students of the nursing program of a university in Cucuta– Colombia during the first semester of 2016. Results: An average age of 20 years was found, mostly females, 57.4% did not have previous training about PBE and 57.1% had received training of PBE in methodology of research. The global score in PBE competence was of 3.58 out of a maximum of 5; highlighting the Attitude dimension toward the PBE with the highest  score and the Knowledge dimension with the lowest score; encountering statistically significant differences to a greater extent as the students moved ahead to a higher semester. Conclusions: the students received an average level in competences for the PBE, associating a positive impact with the academic training received, considering that in the last semesters a higher score was evidenced compared to the first ones.KEYWORDS: nursing based on evidence, knowledge, attitude, nursing students. PRÁTICA BASEADA NA EVIDENCIA DE ESTUDANTES COLOMBIANOS DE ENFERMAGEMRESUMO Objetivo. Determinar o nível de competências sobre Prática Baseada na Evidencia (PBE) de estudantes de um curso de Enfermagem na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos. O estudo se desenvolveu em duas fases, através um delineamento quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional, A primeira fase, consistiu na adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo do questionário de Competências em Prática Baseada na Evidencia (CACH-PBE) no contexto Colombiano; este instrumento valora três fatores: Atitudes, Habilidades e Conhecimentos. Na segunda fase, aplicou-se o questionário a uma amostra de 291 estudantes do Programa de Enfermagem de uma Universidade localizada na cidade de Cúcuta – Colômbia, durante o primeiro semestre de 2016.  Resultados. Encontrou-se uma média de idade de 20 anos, de género feminino em sua maioria, o 57,4% deles não tinham nenhuma formação previa sobre PBE e o 57,1% a receberam em metodologia da pesquisa. A pontuação global de competência em PBE foi de 3,58 sobre um máximo de 5; destacando a dimensão Atitudes para a PBE com maior pontuação e a dimensão Conhecimentos com menor; encontrando-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas a maior medida em que os estudantes se encontravam num semestre superior. Conclusões. Os estudantes obtiveram um nível médio em competências para a PBE, associando-se um impacto positivo da formação académica recebida, já que nos últimos semestres se evidenciou maior pontuação respeito dos primeiros.Palavras-chave: enfermagem baseada na evidencia, conhecimento, atitude, estudantes de enfermagem.

Psicometric properties of an instrument for measuring patient’s satisfaction with physical therapy (medrisk) in spanish population: cultural diversity

The Spanish-language versión of the MedRisk Insttrument for Mesauring Partient Satisfaction with Physical therapy Care was validated in a simple of 203 Spanish-speakers patients in New York City. The purpose of this investigation is to adapt this instrument to Spanish population (patients who assist to physical therapy services in Spain); to corroborate if exist a psychometric equivalence and to identify if Spanish patients consider relevant the same dimensions as the preliminary validation. Relevance: At time to used a measurement instrument that has been validated in another country, it is necessary to assure that it is not only reliable and valid to the country where was developed, but also it needs to be appropriated to the patients subjects of the current investigation. Participants: A total of 300 patients of the Hospital of San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe (in Sevilla, Spain) participated in this study (44% men and 56% women between 13 and 93 years old). Methods: It has been done a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected between April 2008 and November 2009.To the patients involved in the research, it was applied the original 20-item version of the MRPS (18 items and two global measures) and not the validated 12-item MRPS (10 items and two global measures). The main investigator randomly selected days during which the data were collected. The sample was taken finally on by convenience: all patients, in these selected days, who assist to medical care once they were done with their prescribed physiotherapy treatment. Analysis: Like Spanish version in New York, factor structure was investigated using item-correlation and exploratory factor analysis. Group-level reliability for single test administration was assessed using the Cronbach alpha. Results: Factor structure: the inter-item correlation matrix revealed that 3 items were not significantly correlated to both of the global measures . These 3 items were not included in the subsequent analysis. Principal components analysis revealed 4 eigenvalues greater than 2.0 explaining 67.93% of the cumulative variance. This suggested a 4-factor solutions. Following varimax rotation, a total of 14 items loaded on four factors were retained. Reliability: The Cronbach alpha was .87 Conclusions: Spanish version of MRPS that was validated with Spanish-speakers patients in New York is similar but not identical to the validation obtained with Spanish Population. In both of them, 9 of the 12 and 14 items finally selected in each other, have a coincidence. In the first one, there is a conclusion of two factors, internal and external. And in our investigation there were obtained 4 dimensions, 2 of them refer to internal factors (respect of the healthcare team and professional behavior of the therapist) and 2 that does it to external factors (adaptation of the center and accessibility)Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

HELCOS. Integrated system for the handling of wounds. About a case

El uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación es cada vez más extendido en las prácticas de salud-enfermedad y, por ende, también en el cuidado de las heridas. Son muchas las aplicaciones que se han desarrollado en este sentido pero pocas se han evaluado respecto a su utilidad. En este artículo se presenta, a modo de caso, HELCOS, sistema integrado para el manejo de heridas y los resultados obtenidos hasta ahora.The use of information and communication technologies is increasingly widespread in health-disease practices and, therefore, also in wound care area. There are many applications that have been developed in this regard but few have been evaluated regarding their usefulness. In this article we present, as a case, HELCOS, an integrated system for the management of wounds and the results obtained so far

E outras lesões relacionadas com a dependência

A prevenção das úlceras por pressão e outras lesões relacionadas com a dependência é um processo complexo, que requer da implicação de todos os agentes que intervêm no cuidado das pessoas, desde as instituições ou serviços de saúde até os profissionais de saúde e os próprios utentes e os seus cuidadores.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A course on care for people with skin lesions for the undergraduate nursing programme: competencies and proposed contents

El presente artículo pretende desarrollar una propuesta marco sobre una asignatura sobre el cuidado de las personas con lesiones cutáneas en el grado de enfermería. Esta ha sido realizada por consenso de expertos, profesores con experiencia en el cuidado de heridas y fue sometida a modificaciones en el marco del Segundo Encuentro Iberolatinoamericano de Facultades y Escuelas Universitarias con Programas Formativos en Heridas. Con ello se presenta una propuesta de competencias sobre el cuidado de las personas con lesiones cutáneas para la enfermera graduada, así como la propuesta curricular, con su estructura pedagógica basada en unidades didácticas y la propuesta de carga docente y ubicación de la asignatura de cuidados de las personas con lesiones cutáneas en el grado en enfermería. Finalmente se presentan documentos de apoyo al profesorado y estudiantado para la creación de la asignatura de cuidados de las personas con lesiones cutáneas para el grado en enfermería.This article aims to develop a framework proposal for a course on the care of people with skin lesions in the nursing degree. It has been developed by consensus of experts, professors with experience in wound care and was subject to modifications in the framework of the Segundo Encuentro Iberolatinoamericano de Facultades y Escuelas Universitarias con Programas Formativos en Heridas. This includes a proposal of competencies on the care of people with skin lesions for the graduate nurse, as well as the Curricular proposal, with its pedagogical structure based on didactic units and the proposed teaching load and location of the subject of care for people with skin lesions in the nursing degree. Finally, support documents are presented for the teaching staff and students for the creation of the subject of care of people with skin lesions for the degree in nursing