Overview of the CLEF 2018 Consumer Health Search Task

This paper details the collection, systems and evaluation methods used in the CLEF 2018 eHealth Evaluation Lab, Consumer Health Search (CHS) task (Task 3). This task investigates the effectiveness of search engines in providing access to medical information present on the Web for people that have no or little medical knowledge. The task aims to foster advances in the development of search technologies for Consumer Health Search by providing resources and evaluation methods to test and validate search systems. Built upon the the 2013-17 series of CLEF eHealth Information Retrieval tasks, the 2018 task considers both mono- and multilingual retrieval, embracing the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) -style evaluation process with a shared collection of documents and queries, the contribution of runs from participants and the subsequent formation of relevance assessments and evaluation of the participants submissions. For this year, the CHS task uses a new Web corpus and a new set of queries compared to the previous years. The new corpus consists of Web pages acquired from the CommonCrawl and the new set of queries consists of 50 queries issued by the general public to the Health on the Net (HON) search services. We then manually translated the 50 queries to French, German, and Czech; and obtained English query variations of the 50 original queries. A total of 7 teams from 7 different countries participated in the 2018 CHS task: CUNI (Czech Republic), IMS Unipd (Italy), MIRACL (Tunisia), QUT (Australia), SINAI (Spain), UB-Botswana (Botswana), and UEvora (Portugal)

Evolution of Unmagnetized and Magnetized Shear Layers

We present numerical simulations of the growth and saturation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a compressible fluid layer with and without a weak magnetic field. In the absence of a magnetic field, the instability generates a single eddy which flattens the velocity profile, stabilizing it against further perturbations. Adding a weak magnetic field - weak in the sense that it has almost no effect on the linear instability - leads to a complex flow morphology driven by MHD forces and to enhanced broadening of the layer, due to Maxwell stresses. We corroborate earlier studies which showed that magnetic fields destroy the large scale eddy structure through periodic cycles of windup and resistive decay, but we show that the rate of decay decreases with decreasing plasma resistivity, at least within the range of resistivity accessible to our simulations. Magnetization increases the efficiency of momentum transport, and the transport increases with decreasing resistivity.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, to be published in ApJ April 20, 2008, v677n

Desenho de experiências participativas: o caso da 1ª conferência nacional para escolhas das prioridades do estado transparente

Patrícia é servidora pública e se vê apreensiva durante a execução de um processo de participação social organizado pelo ministério em que trabalha, o Ministério da Gestão Transparente. A narrativa objetiva ilustrar, por meio de um exemplo fictício, as dificuldades que podem advir da ausência de um bom desenho de processo participativo, adequado ao público-alvo e efetivo para romper barreiras comuns ao diálogo entre Estado e sociedade. O caso pretende promover a reflexão sobre a implementação de mecanismos participativos no âmbito das políticas públicas.Número de páginas: 5 p.Estado e Sociedad

Estratégias de seleção e substituição de ministros de Estado no presidencialismo de coalizão brasileiro : perfil, alocação e rotatividade

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciência Política, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política, 2017.Quem nomear, em qual ministério e quando substituir ministros de Estado no presidencialismo de coalizão? Este estudo parte dos argumentos da escolha racional e da teoria da agência para analisar as estratégias adotadas pelos presidentes brasileiros na seleção e substituição de ministros durante a Nova República. Baseado numa proposta anterior, foi desenvolvido o Índice de Politização Ministerial (IPM) para mensurar sistematicamente as nomeações ministeriais, incluindo atributos como os graus de inserção político-partidária e de especialidade técnica. O recrutamento típico foi de brancos do sexo masculino, de São Paulo, graduados em direito ou economia e que exerceram cargo eletivo, foram acadêmicos, profissionais liberais ou servidores públicos de carreira, com perfis mistos quanto à politização. A divisão do governo em quatro clusters a partir de critérios objetivos de atratividade política foi utilizada para compreensão das estratégias presidenciais de alocação do portfólio. Os achados de uma regressão logística multinomial apontam que os ministérios que formam o núcleo de governo, em comparação às demais áreas, em sua maior parte foram destinados a representantes do partido do presidente. As nomeações ministeriais nessa área tenderam a ser menos politizadas. As pastas na Presidência de maior prestígio político foram delegadas a auxiliares de maior confiança do chefe do Executivo. Por fim, foram testados por meio de análise de sobrevivência os determinantes da saída antecipada de ministros de Estado. Quanto mais politizada uma indicação, por menor tempo permaneceu nomeado. Os presidentes foram responsivos às denúncias e polêmicas envolvendo seus auxiliares. Esse efeito, contudo, esteve condicionado ao posicionamento ideológico. Quando um ministro foi alvo de escândalos midiáticos, quanto maior sua distância ideológica em relação ao presidente, maior a probabilidade de deixar seu posto. Presidentes tenderam também a substituir ministros em resposta a sinais mais amplos de desempenho insatisfatório, como sua baixa popularidade e a piora de indicadores econômicos. Duas conclusões principais podem ser destacadas: 1) os presidentes brasileiros possuem alta discricionariedade na seleção e substituição de ministros; e 2) essa discricionariedade foi utilizada para tentar imprimir uma agenda própria de governo.Whom to appoint, in which ministry and when to replace cabinet ministers in coalitional presidentialism? This study was built upon the arguments of rational choice and agency theory to analyse the strategies adopted by Brazilian presidents for the selection and de-selection of cabinet ministers during the Brazilian New Republic. Based on a previous proposal, the Ministerial Politicization Index (MPI) was developed to systematically measure ministerial appointments, including features such as degrees of party-political insertion and technical expertise. The typical recruitment was made of white males, from Sao Paulo, graduated from law or economic schools, who had held elective position, were scholars, self-employed professionals or civil servants, and with mixed profiles as to their politicization. The division of government into four clusters using objective criteria of political attractiveness was used to understand the presidential portfolio allocation strategies. The results from multinomial logistic regression indicate that ministries that comprise the core of government, in comparison to other areas, were mostly assigned to affiliates of the president's party. Ministerial appointments in this area tended to be less politicized. The most politically prestigious agencies inside Presidency were allocated to the chief Executive's most trusted aides. Finally, the determinants of early exit from a ministerial position were tested through survival analysis. We find that the more politicized an appointee, the less time one spent in their position. Presidents were responsive to accusations and controversies involving their ministers. This effect, however, was dependent on ideological position. When a minister was the subject of media scandals, the further ideologically they were from the president, the greater their likelihood of leaving the postition. Presidents also tended to replace ministers in response to broader signs of unsatisfactory performance, such as falling popularity and worsening economic indicators. Two main conclusions can be highlighted: 1) Brazilian presidents have high discretion in the selection and replacement of ministers; and 2) this discretion was used to try to print a proper agenda of government

Geology of the surroundings of Caleufú and Meliquina rivers, Neuquén Province: The volcanism of Huitrera Formation

En este trabajo se ha relevado la región localizada al sur de la Villa Meliquina, en la provincia del Neuquén, zona poco estudiada desde el punto de vista geológico. Esta se sitúa entre las localidades de San Martín de los Andes y San Carlos de Bariloche, donde afloran volcanitas aquí asignadas a la Formación Huitrera. En este sector se diferencian dos dominios con distintas características estructurales: un sector occidental, en la región del lago Filo Hua Hum, donde predominan plegamientos y fallas de orientación NE; y un sector oriental, donde se ubica el río Caleufú, dominado por anticlinales asociados a corrimientos de orientación NO y vergencia NE. Se relevaron dos perfiles de la Formación Huitrera en estas dos áreas como así también otros afloramientos de las volcanitas en la región. Como resultado, se reconoció que la Formación Huitrera está conformada en el área por una facies piroclástica y otra lávica: la primera es más dominante en la región occidental de la zona de estudio, mientras que la segunda, está más ampliamente desarrollada en la región oriental. La facies lávica está compuesta por flujos lávicos de composición basáltica y riolítica, con texturas porfíricas y frecuentes texturas de desequilibrio, mientras que en la facies piroclástica, predominan las tobas vítreas, con diferentes grados de soldadura. Las características petrográficas de ambas facies se correlacionan con las facies lavico-piroclástica asociadas a un vulcanismo bimodal, como fueran caracterizadas previamente ciertas secuencias equivalentes en forma regional. Por su parte, la particular distribución de las facies en la zona de trabajo tendría una causa principalmente estructural.A series of paleogene volcanic rocks exposed south of Villa Meliquina, located in the foothills of the Andes in the Neuquén province, has been studied in this work. It corresponds to a poorly known area from the geological point of view, located between the San Martin de los Andes and San Carlos de Bariloche localities, where outcrop a volcanic sequence assigned to the Huitrera Formation. In the surveyed area, two different structural domains affecting these outcrops were described: a western sector, in the Lago Filo Hua Hum region, where NE oriented folds and faults predominate, and an eastern sector, around the Caleufú river, dominated by NW trending and NE verging thrusts associated to anticlines. Two profiles of the Huitrera Formation were surveyed in both areas, as well as other outcrops of the volcanic rocks in the region. As a result, it was recognized that the Huitrera Formation is formed by a pyroclastic and lavic facies: the first is more dominant in the western region, while the second is fully developed in the eastern region. The lava facies is composed of lava flows of basaltic and rhyolitic composition, with porphyritic texture and frequent disequilibrium textures; in the pyroclastic facies, the vitreous tuffs are predominant with different degrees of welding. The petrographic characteristics of both facies can be correlated with the bimodal volcanism associated to lavic-pyroclastic facies previously defined for equivalent sequences in reighbouring regions. The particular distribution of the facies in the work area would mainly be controlled by the structure.Fil: Palotti, Priscila F.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos; ArgentinaFil: Jait, Damian M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos; ArgentinaFil: Orts, Darío Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Litvak, Vanesa Dafne. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Geologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas; Argentin

Constraining the structure of the non-spherical preprotostellar core L1544

A series of self-consistent, three-dimensional continuum radiative transfer models are constructed of the pre-protostellar core L1544, with the results compared with existing SCUBA and ISO data. The source is well-fit by a prolate spheroid, having an ellipsoidal power-law density distribution of index m ~ 2 (1.75 < m < 2.25) in to at least r ~ 1600AU. For r<1600 AU, the data are consistent with either an extension of the power law to smaller radii, or a flattened (Bonner-Ebert like) density distribtion. We can further constrain the optical depth along the short axis at 1300um to be ~ 5e-3, the central luminosity to be L < 1e-3 solar luminosities, the long axis diameter D ~ 0.1 pc, the axis ratio to be q ~ 2, and the external ISRF to be similar to that defined by Mathis, Mezger, & Panagia (1983) to within 50 per cent. The outer diameter and axis ratio may each be somewhat larger due to potential on-source chopping in the observations, and the projection of the long axis onto the plane of the sky. While these results are similar to those inferred directly from observations or spherical modeling due to the source transparency at submillimeter wavelengths, we infer a smaller size, lower mass, and higher optical depth / column density, exposed to a stronger external radiation field than previously assumed. Finally, we find that both the spectral energy distribution (SED) and surface brightness distribution are necessary to constrain the source properties in this way.Comment: 9 pages; 8 figures; accepted for publication in MNRA

ShARe/CLEF eHealth evaluation lab 2014, task 3: user-centred health information retrieval

This paper presents the results of task 3 of the ShARe/CLEF eHealth Evaluation Lab 2014. This evaluation lab focuses on improving access to medical information on the web. The task objective was to investigate the effect of using additional information such as a related discharge summary and external resources such as medical ontologies on the IR effectiveness, in a monolingual and in a multilingual context. The participants were allowed to submit up to seven runs for each language, one mandatory run using no additional information or external resources, and three each using or not using discharge summaries