24 research outputs found
Actitudes Posturales de la extremidad inferior en los escolares durante las clases: Estudio Observacional
Introduction: The Human being and due to the developments, is developing skeletal muscle disorders of the lower limb directly associated with a bad attitude in postural sedestatión, children spend a large part of your life sitting in the classroom. Objectives: To evaluate the position taken at the lower extremity in seated posture of a group of schoolchildren during the period of attention to the teacher in the classroom; compare the different positions of children of different ages and gender. Materials and methods: direct and cross-sectional study of schoolchildren between 10 and 11 years belonging to a college in Early Childhood Education, Primary and Secondary Education in Madrid. The data was collected through observation sheet postural attitudes of spine, lower limb and foot at more sedestación to identify frequent according to gender. Results and Conclusions: There are differences in the way of sitting of children and girls, because girls are the attitudes presented with a higher proportion of lower limb rotational, while children took greater proportion of harmful attitudes in the foot. In conclusion we find it necessary to provide health education and hygiene for postural lower limb in schools and urge schools to have ergonomic furniture to minimize adverse effects on lower limb.Introduccion: El ser humano y debido a la evolución, está desarrollando alteraciones músculo esqueléticas de la extremidad inferior directamente relacionadas con una mala actitud postural en sedestación, los niños pasan una gran parte de su vida sentados en el aula. Objetivos: Valorar la posición que adopta la extremidad inferior en postura sedente de un grupo de escolares durante el periodo de atención al profesor en el aula; Comparar las diferentes posturas sedentes de niños de diferentes edades y género. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional directo y transversal a escolares de entre 10 y 11 años pertenecientes a un colegio de Educación Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria de Madrid. La recogida de los datos fue a través de ficha de observación de actitues posturales de raquis, miembro inferior y pies en sedestación para determinar las mas frecuentes en función al género. Resultados y Conclusiones: Existen diferencias entre la forma de sentarse de los niños y de las niñas, ya que las niñas son la que con mayor proporción presentaron actitudes rotacionales de la extremidad inferior, en tanto los niños adoptaron mayor proporción de actitudes nocivas en el pie. Como conclusión encontramos necesario proporcionar educación sanitaria e higiene postural para la extremidad inferior en el ámbito escolar e instar a que los centros escolares a que dispongan de mobiliario ergonómico para minimizar efectos adversos en la extremidad inferior
The mentally ill. History and care since Medieval times
El presente trabajo plasma la evolución de la
locura en España, en un contexto histórico,
social y cultural. La sucesión de acontecimientos
y la interrelación de los sistemas sociales
han hecho que "el trato", "el cuidado" y "la atención médica" caminen hacia una mejora en la comprensión
de las necesidades del paciente y en la
aplicación de nuevas teorías médicas.
La labor de enfermería, existente desde el principio
de los tiempos, refleja una disciplina ganada
con el esfuerzo y la participación de todos aquellos
que proporcionaron cuidados a través de los siglos.
Por otro lado, la política social en el desempeño
de su labor integradora, ha ido adaptando la
locura al contexto cultural. En el desarrollo del
texto se puede observar cómo "el loco" se ha ido
acomodando a las diferentes formas de institucionalización
y desinstitucionalización hasta llegar a
su situación actual.The present work reflects the evolution of
insanity in the Spanish cultural, social and
historical context. The sequence of events
and the interrelation of social systems have improved
"assistance", "care" and "medical attention"
towards an understanding of the patient's needs
and the application of new medical theories.
Nursing role reflects -since the beginning of
times- a discipline build by the effort and participation
of all those who cared during centuries. On the other hand, social policies in their integrating
role have made insanity adapt to cultural
contexts. Throughout the article it is shown how
the "insane" have adapted to different forms of institutionalization
and disinstitutionalization leading
to the current situation
Association among presence of cancer pain, inadequate pain control, and psychotropic drug use
Introduction Pain is a common symptom in cancer patients, and its control and management are complex. Despite the high concomitant use of psychotropic drugs among such patients, the association among pain, inadequate pain control, and psychotropic drug use has not been fully determined. This study examined the prevalence of cancer pain and inadequate pain control and the association with psychotropic drug use. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 402 medical records obtained by simple random sampling of oncology patients at a hospital in northern Spain from July 2012 to July 2014. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated together with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by unconditional logistic regression for each type of psychotropic drug (anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants). Results The mean patient age was 61.17 (standard deviation ± 13.14) years; 57.5% were women, 42.5% men. Pain was present in 18.4% of patients and inadequate pain control in 54.2%. We found a statistically significant association between the presence of cancer pain and anxiolytic use (adjusted OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.49±6.68) and hypnotic use (adjusted OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.77±15.25). Inadequate pain control was associated to a greater extent with the use of those drugs: adjusted OR for anxiolytic use, 4.74 (95% CI, 1.91±11.80); adjusted OR for hypnotic use, 6.09 (95% CI, 1.74±21.32). By contrast, no association was found between pain and antidepressant use (adjusted OR, 0.99). Conclusion The presence of pain and (to a greater extent) poor pain control were associated with increased use of certain psychotropic drugs, such as anxiolytics and hypnotics. There appeared to be no association between pain and antidepressant use
Theoretical and perceived balance of power inside Spanish public hospitals
BACKGROUND: The hierarchical pyramid inside Spanish public hospitals was radically changed by the Health Reform Law promulgated in 1986. According to it, the manpower of the hospitals was divided into three divisions (Medical, Nursing, General Services/Administration), which from then on occupied the same level, only subject to the general manager. Ten years after the implementation of the law, the present study was designed in order to investigate if the legal changes had indeed produced a real change in the balance of power inside the hospitals, as perceived by the different workers within them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 1,027 workers from four different public hospitals (two university-based and two district hospitals). The participants belonged to all divisions, and to all three operative levels (staff, supervisory and managerial) within them. The questionnaire inquired about the perceived power inside each division and hierarchical level, as well as about that of the other divisions and hierarchical levels. RESULTS: Every division attributed the least power to itself. The Nursing and the Administrative division attributed the highest power to the physicians, and these attributed the highest power to the General Services/Administrative division. All hierarchical levels (including the formal top of the pyramid) attributed significantly more power to the other than to them. CONCLUSIONS: More than ten years after the implementation of the new law, the majority of workers still perceive that the real power within the hospitals is held by the physicians (whereas these feel that it has shifted to the administrators). No division or hierarchical level believes it holds any significant degree of power, and this carries with it the danger of also not accepting any responsibility
The impact of muscle relaxation techniques on the quality of life of cancer patients, as measured by the FACT-G questionnaire
Introduction Patients with cancer frequently suffer from emotional distress, characterized by psychological symptoms such as anxiety or depression. The presence of psychological symptoms combined with the complex nature of oncology processes can negatively impact patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the impact of a relaxation protocol on improving quality of life in a sample of oncological patients treated in the Spanish National Public Health System. Materials and methods We conducted a multicenter interventional study without a control group. In total, 272 patients with different oncologic pathologies and showing symptoms of anxiety were recruited from 10 Spanish public hospitals. The intervention comprised abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation training, according to Bernstein and Borkovec. This was followed by weekly telephone calls to each patient over a 1-month period. We collected sociodemographic variables related to the disease process, including information about mental health and the intervention. Patients' quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire. Bivariate and univariate analyses were performed, along with an analysis of multiple correspondences to identify subgroups of patients with similar variations on the FACT-G. Results Patients showed statistically significant improvements on the FACT-G overall score (W = 16806; p<0.001), with an initial mean score of 55.33±10.42 and a final mean score of 64.49±7.70. We also found significant improvements for all subscales: emotional wellbeing (W = 13118; p<0.001), functional wellbeing (W = 16155.5; p<0.001), physical wellbeing (W = 8885.5; p<0.001), and social and family context (W = ?1840; p = 0.037). Conclusions Patients with cancer who learned and practiced abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation experienced improvement in their perceived quality of life as measured by the FACT-G. Our findings support a previous assumption that complementary techniques (including relaxation techniques) are effective in improving the quality of life of patients with cancer
Image of immigration through scientific literature
Objetivo:
Conocer la imagen que tiene la comunidad
científica sobre la salud de los inmigrantes a través
de la bibliografía española en las principales
bases documentales de Ciencias de la Salud .
Material y métodos:
En la primera fase del estudio se ha realizado un análisis bibliométrico, que abarca el periodo
1980 -2001. Las bases de datos consultadas han
sido Medline e Indice Médico Español (IME). La
segunda fase del estudio, consistió en la localización
de las fuentes primarias y su posterior análisis
del discurso dominante en cada uno de los artículos
recuperados.
Resultados:
Se registraron un total de 80 publicaciones que
cumplieran los criterios marcados de la búsqueda
bibliográfica de los cuales 72 publicaciones se
encuentran indizadas en la base de datos Medline,
y los 8 restantes pertenecen a la base de datos
IME.
Respecto al análisis bibliométrico podemos
afirmar que las comunidades españolas en las cuales
se ha realizado el mayor número de estudios
sobre inmigración y salud han sido Cataluña con
un 42,1%, seguida muy de cerca por la
Comunidad de Madrid con total de 31,57% estudios
realizados sobre inmigración.
En cuanto a la procedencia de los inmigrantes
que formaban parte de los artículos estudiados fue
la siguiente: 57% África, 30% Latinoamérica y
13% Asia.
Referente al análisis de discurso, podemos
decir que existen dos discursos dominantes, que se
muestran en los siguientes epígrafes:
"La inmigración produce un aumento de las
tasas de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales"
“El uso de los servicios de salud por la población
inmigrante”.
Conclusiones:
Existe una clara necesidad para la puesta en
marcha de programas interdisciplinarios sociosanitarios
que ayuden a superar las barreras culturales
e idiomáticas.
El inmigrante en sí no constituye un riesgo para
la salud pública, sino que son los estilos de vida,
las prácticas higiénicas, sanitarias y alimenticias,
las que representan un riesgo para la salud pública
e individual.Objective:
To know the image the scientific community
has about the health of immigrants, searching
Spanish bibliography through the main Health
Sciences databases. Materials and Methods:
In a first phase of the study we performed a
bibliometric analysis encompassing the period
1980-2001. The searched databases were Medline
and Indice Médico Español (IME). A second phase
consisted in locating primary sources and analyzing
the dominant discourse in each of the retrieved
articles.
Results:
The search resulted in the identification of 80
articles complying with the search criteria (72 from Medline and 8 from IME). Regarding the
bibliometric study, the Spanish autonomous region
where most studies have been carried out was
Catalonia (42.1%), closely followed by Madrid
(32.57%).
Immigrants came from Africa (57%),
Latinamerica (30%) and Asia (13%)
The analysis of the dominant discourse within
the articles can be summarized in the following
two headings:
“Immigration results in an increase of infectious
and tropical diseases”.
“The use of health care services by the immigrants”.
Conclusions:
There is a clear need for the implementation of
interdisciplinary sociosanitary programs which
may help to overcome language and cultural
barriers. Different lifestyles, and hygienic, sanitary
and alimentary practices and not the immigrant
himself, represent a hazard for both individuals
and public health
Analysis of professional identity through nurses' educational competence
El presente artículo se centra en la percepción
que tienen las propias enfermeras
sobre sus competencias profesionales, la
visión que tienen otros profesionales sanitarios y la
visión social que tienen los usuarios sobre este
colectivo.
Para ello se configuraron dos grupos de discusión
formados por enfermeras/os que trabajan en dos hospitales
de Madrid, en cuyos ámbitos de trabajo se
desarrolla gran parte de nuestro estudio general. Se
seleccionaron dos grupos con perfiles diferentes, de
manera que sus discursos en muchos aspectos, también
son diferentes, como se podrá observar en el
análisis y las conclusiones del trabajo.
Lo que se pretende es conocer los discursos que
elaboraban las enfermeras/os, en interacción con otros compañeros de trabajo del mismo hospital,
respecto de su competencia en educación con
pacientes crónicos hospitalizados.
Analizando los discursos que fluían entorno al
rol educativo, se pudo identificar las características
que estos grupos de enfermeras/os asignaban a la
educación que llevan a cabo en el hospital, así
como la problemática derivada de su realización, y
los factores que la condicionan.
La propia dinámica de los grupos de discusión,
facilitó la emergencia de otros discursos que estas
enfermeras/os ligaban de manera directa con el
desempeño de su rol educativo, como son, el reconocimiento
social de la profesión.The present article deals with nurses’ perception
of their own professional competence,
other health professionals’ view and
patients’ social perspective.
Two discussion groups integrated by nurses
working in two Madrid hospitals were constituted;
most of our general study was carried out in these
two hospitals. Both groups had different profiles,
thus their discourses varied in many aspects, as can
be seen in the analysis and conclusions.
The aim was to identify discourses elaborated
by nurses interacting with other colleagues from
the same hospital regarding educational competence
towards hospitalised chronic patients.
From the analysis of discourses on the educational
role, characteristics assigned to education by
these two groups of nurses were identified, along
with difficulties and conditioning factors.
The discussion groups own dynamics facilitated
other discourses emerging in connection to the
development of their educational role, such as
social acknowledgement of the profession