An Estimation of the Efficient Size of Sugarcane Enterprises for Farmers in Trinidad

This research paper provides an estimation of the efficient size of operation for sugarcane farmers in Trinidad. The estimates were based on a sample of two hundred and twenty-seven farmers selected from a cost of sugarcane production survey. To identify the efficient size of operation the ordinary least square estimation technique was used. The identification of the efficient size of operation allowed a test of the hypothesis that the minimum point on the long run average cost curve was significantly greater than the average enterprise size of six acres. The long run total cost curve was estimated and the cubic functional form provided the best fit based on both the adjusted R2 and the result from the Wald test. The results of the estimation process indicated that the optimal size was 32 acres of sugarcane and that 98% of the farmers operated at less than this size.Cost function, cost elasticity, efficient size, sugar-cane, Trinidad, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

Quantum Polarization of D4-branes

The low energy effective field theory of type II D4-branes coupled to bulk supergravity fields is used to investigate {\it quantum} effects for D4-branes in the D0 supergravity background. Classically, the D4-branes are unaffected by this background. However, quantum (one-loop) effects are argued to lead to an induced density of D0-brane charge; e.g., D0-multipole moments on the D4-brane. The effect is divergent in field theory, but is expected to be cut-off naturally by stringy corrections.Comment: 15 pages, Some changes in the implications for string theory after discussions with Friedel Eppl

Brief Note: Distribution of Short-Tailed Shrews in a Wooded Valley in Southeastern Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Natural Resources, Ohio State Universit

Alien Registration- Palmer, Donald L. (Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35721/thumbnail.jp

The Ideologies and Outcomes of the French and American Revolutions

One effective way to compare the fruits of biblical Christianity with modernism is to contrast the ideologies and outcomes of the American and French Revolutions. Pre-revolutionary America was rich with biblical influence. Adherents of both Protestantism and Deism sought a “Christian society,” and while revolutionaries drew from both biblical Reformation and secular Enlightenment thought, much of the latter was biblical thought in secular form. Ministers employed the Bible extensively to support the Revolution. This relative theological consensus encouraged religious practice and a political system that accommodated dispute. Human rights were secure thanks to man’s subordinate position under God. Even after much secularization, the state has protected the religious rights of groups and parents. America has enjoyed consistent political freedom and stability as well as unparalleled economic and military strength. In pre-revolutionary France, the Catholic Church suppressed Reformation thought and bound itself to the monarchy. Voltaire and Mme du Châtelet insisted the Bible was not to be trusted. Rousseau replaced God with an absolute notion of Reason. Cabanis replaced religion with “scientific” ideology. The results were severe anticlericalism and a militant form of secularism known as laïcité. The Cult of Reason predicted unanimity, and the Cult of the Nation transformed liberty into conformity with Reason. Instead of limiting power, the French consolidated it and swerved between failed attempts at republicanism and either empire or restored monarchy. Economically, capitalism came later and remained weaker. French religious policy has restricted both religious groups and individual public practice. The research indicates that biblical influence in a society is the greatest guarantor of liberty, economic prosperity, and freedom of practice for all religions

Development of stitching reinforcement for transport wing panels

The NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) program has the objective of providing the technology required to obtain the full benefit of weight savings and performance improvements offered by composite primary aircraft structures. Achieving the objective is dependent upon developing composite materials and structures which are damage tolerant and economical to manufacture. Researchers are investigating stitching reinforcement combined with resin transfer molding to produce materials meeting the ACT program objective. Research is aimed at materials, processes, and structural concepts for application in both transport wings and fuselages, but the emphasis to date has been on wing panels. Empirical guidelines are being established for stitching reinforcement in structures designed for heavy loads. Results are presented from evaluation tests investigating stitching types, threads, and density (penetrations per square inch). Tension strength, compression strength, and compression after impact data are reported

Ultrasonic characterization of metallic interfaces

A set of diffusion bonded copper samples was prepared at different temperatures and times allowing the bonding to proceed across the planar interfaces. To obtain a second set, interfaces were roughened to various degrees followed by diffusion bonding at a designated time/temperature condition. On all samples, ultrasonic reflection coefficient (R) maps of the bonded interfaces were obtained over a broad frequency range. In addition, the bond strengths, a, of the interfaces were determined, thus providing an empirical a-R correlation. Nearly all of the specimens tested failed along the interfaces, exposing fracture planes with distinctive features indicating originally bonded and unbonded areas. These features, examined metallographically, allowed for the successful testing of the distributed spring model by Baik and Thompson (J. NDE 4, 177, 1984). This model was used as an intermediate step in the development of a bond strength model to explain the observed σ-R correlation, the beginnings of which are discussed

Manger biologique à l’ère de l’insécurité

Depuis que l’État abandonne peu à peu de nombreux domaines sociaux tout en ayant la main plus lourde en matière de répression, beaucoup de gens adoptent un comportement d’autorégulation pour essayer de répondre à des peurs et à des risques sociétaux plus larges. Le succès croissant des aliments biologiques en Amérique du Nord montre clairement l’arrivée de ce nouveau type de comportement d’autorégulation, mais ne relève pas entièrement de lui. En nous inspirant des concepts soutenant la biopolitique alimentaire, nous établissons des liens entre l’alimentation biologique en tant qu’acte d’autorégulation et un nouveau régime d’État répressif qui met l’accent sur l’alimentation biologique comme partie prenante d’une politique étatique militaire et sociale plus large.With the retreat of the state in many social fields and a heavier hand on the repressive side, many people have developed auto-regulatory behaviour in their attempt to manage broader societal fears and risks. The rise of the practice of eating organic food in North America is an excellent example of this newer type of self-regulatory behaviour. However we suggest that the surge of interest in organic food is not entirely self-regulatory. Drawing upon insights from food bio-politics, we make connections between eating organic as a self-regulatory act and a new repressive state regime that emphasises eating organic as part of a broader state social and military policy

Dissociation Quotients of Malonic Acid in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Media to 100°C1

The first and second molal dissociation quotients of malonic acid were measured potentiometrically in a concentration cell fitted with hydrogen electrodes. The hydrogen ion molality of malonic acidJbimalonate solutions was measured relative to a standard aqueous HCI solution from 0 to 100°C over 25° intervals at five ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 molal (NaCl). The molal dissociation quotients and available literature data were treated in the all anionic form by a seven-term equation. This treatment yielded the following thermodynamic quantities for the first acid dissociation equilibrium at 25°C: log K1a = -2.852 ± 0.003. ΔH1̊a = 0.1 ±0.3 kJ-mol-1. ΔS1̊a = -54.4±1.0 J-mol-1-K-1 and ΔCp̊,1a = -185±20 J-mol-1-K-1. Measurements of the bimalonatelmalonate system were made over the same intervals of temperature and ionic strength. A similar regression of the present and previously published equilibrium quotients using a seven- term equation yielded the following values for the second acid dissociation equilibrium at 25°C: log K2a = -5.697 ± 0.001. ΔH2̊a = -5.13±0.11 kJ-mol-1, ΔS2̊a = -126.3±0.4 J-mol-1-K-1. and ΔCp̊,2a = -250+10 J-mol-1-K-1