Assessing Inclusionary Housing Policy in Santiago, Chile: Residential Segregation by Income, 2006-2016

In 2006, residential integration based on income was included for first time as a main goal in Chile’s national housing policy. In 2015, the National Council for Urban Development (Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano, CNDU) challenged the homeownership voucher program employed to achieve this goal and recognized the inexistence of any official instrument to measure segregation in Chile. This thesis responds to these concerns and i) provides an index to measure residential segregation of subsidized low-income households; ii) analyzes the index’s change during the last decade; and iii) uses these findings to evaluate whether the new policies introduced in 2006 have reduced the levels of residential segregation in the Region of Santiago (RS). The study demonstrates that new housing policies have not reduced the levels of residential segregation affecting subsidized low-income households in Santiago. Complementary, the thesis analyzes the relation between spatial clusters of government assistance with poverty rates, overcrowded conditions, physical deficiencies, infrastructure and social problems, to demonstrate the persistence of negative urban conditions associated to the location of subsidized stock

Distributed Correlation-Based Feature Selection in Spark

CFS (Correlation-Based Feature Selection) is an FS algorithm that has been successfully applied to classification problems in many domains. We describe Distributed CFS (DiCFS) as a completely redesigned, scalable, parallel and distributed version of the CFS algorithm, capable of dealing with the large volumes of data typical of big data applications. Two versions of the algorithm were implemented and compared using the Apache Spark cluster computing model, currently gaining popularity due to its much faster processing times than Hadoop's MapReduce model. We tested our algorithms on four publicly available datasets, each consisting of a large number of instances and two also consisting of a large number of features. The results show that our algorithms were superior in terms of both time-efficiency and scalability. In leveraging a computer cluster, they were able to handle larger datasets than the non-distributed WEKA version while maintaining the quality of the results, i.e., exactly the same features were returned by our algorithms when compared to the original algorithm available in WEKA.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure

Case-base maintenance with multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.

Case-Base Reasoning is a problem-solving methodology that uses old solved problems, called cases, to solve new problems. The case-base is the knowledge source where the cases are stored, and the amount of stored cases is critical to the problem-solving ability of the Case-Base Reasoning system. However, when the case-base has many cases, then performance problems arise due to the time needed to find those similar cases to the input problem. At this point, Case-Base Maintenance algorithms can be used to reduce the number of cases and maintain the accuracy of the Case-Base Reasoning system at the same time. Whereas Case-Base Maintenance algorithms typically use a particular heuristic to remove (or select) cases from the case-base, the resulting maintained case-base relies on the proportion of redundant and noisy cases that are present in the case-base, among other factors. That is, a particular Case-Base Maintenance algorithm is suitable for certain types of case-bases that share some indicators, such as redundancy and noise levels. In the present work, we consider Case-Base Maintenance as a multi-objective optimization problem, which is solved with a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm. To this end, a fitness function is introduced to measure three different objectives based on the Complexity Profile model. Our hypothesis is that the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm performing Case-Base Maintenance may be used in a wider set of case-bases, achieving a good balance between the reduction of cases and the problem-solving ability of the Case-Based Reasoning system. Finally, from a set of the experiments, our proposed Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm performing Case-Base Maintenance shows regularly good results with different sets of case-bases with different proportion of redundant and noisy cases

Evaluación de la estructura de la mediana empresa Transportes Soza del departamento de Matagalpa para la adopción de NIIF para PYMES en el I semestre del 2012

En la presente investigación, se realizó un estudio basado en la capacidad de adopción de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera para Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas en Matagalpa y Jinotega en el 2012, con el propósito de Evaluar la estructura que presenta la mediana empresa Transportes Soza de acuerdo a lo establecido en dichas Normas de Información Financiera. Esta temática es de suma importancia para la empresa Transportes Soza porque, la adopción de estas Normas tiene como objetivo la implementación de un único conjunto de normas contables de carácter global que sean de alta calidad, comprensibles, que requieran información de alta calidad, transparente y comparable en los estados financieros que ayuden a participar a las empresas en los mercados de capitales de todo el mundo y a tomar decisiones económicas eficientes. Actualmente la empresa Transportes Soza no tiene conocimiento sobre el marco de referencia conceptual y legal que aborda el tema. Cuenta con una estructura organizativa que le permite una mayor eficiencia y eficacia en el desarrollo de sus funciones operativas, así como también cuenta con los recursos necesarios y la disposición para la implementación de estas Normas Financiera. La empresa se encuentra en una etapa de actualización y formalización de su sistema contable con el propósito de que la información generada sea confiable, oportuna y precisa para la toma de decisiones. Esta información generada por su sistema contable es presentada en forma de estados financieros a los cuales va dirigido la NIIF para PYME

Desarrollo a Escala Humana y resiliencia en las comunidades El Zapote y El Corozo asociadas a la Unión de Campesinos Organizados de San Dionisio (UCOSD)

El presente trabajo titulado Desarrollo a Escala Humana y Resiliencia de parcelas en las comunidades El Zapote y El Corozo asociadas a la Unión de Campesinos Organizados de San Dionisio (UCOSD), analiza el Desarrollo a Escala Humana y Resiliencia en dichas comunidades, en las cuales la mayoría de sus habitantes están asociados a la UCOSD. De acuerdo a la teoría de Desarrollo a Escala Humana propuesta por Max-Neef, Elizalde y Hopenhayn en 1986, esta se basa en la identificación y clasificación de factores y las respectivas necesidades cuya satisfacción estimula. En ambas comunidades se encontraron una serie de satisfactores sinérgicos los que según la teoría, son los que más peso tienen, ya que contribuyen a la satisfacción de varias necesidades a la vez como la organización, amistad, compañerismo entre otros; no obstante, existen una serie de carencias las cuales impiden que estas comunidades logren su completo desarrollo tales como: libertad masculina, preferencia, entre otros. En lo que refiere a resiliencia, ambas comunidades presentan niveles de alta vulnerabilidad en lo que respecta a la parte ambiental y económica; no obstante, la UCOSD dentro del marco de la transformación productiva, ambiental y social planteado en el plan estratégico 2012-2016 pretende aumentar los niveles de resiliencia y que esto incida directamente en el desarrollo de los socios y de sus respectivas familias al igual que esto contribuya a la vez al desarrollo de las comunidades en estudio. Palabras Claves: UCOSD, Desarrollo a Escala Humana, Aprendizajes familiares, Resilienci

Manifestaciones orales del VIH/SIDA en pacientes del Hospital Regional de Talca, 2004.

86 p.El propósito del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de manifestaciones orales del VIH/SIDA de 93 pacientes controlados en el Hospital Regional de Talca. Previo consentimiento del paciente se realizó un examen oral minucioso,buscando lesiones orales asociadas al VIH/SIDA. El diagnóstico de las lesiones se basó en los criterios señalados en el Manual para estudios epidemiológicos sobre las manifestaciones orales de la infección por el VIH (1994). El 57% de los pacientes presentó algún tipo de manifestación oral del VIH/SIDA. Las lesiones orales más prevalentes fueron la Candidiasis eritematosa (26.1%), Candidiasis seudomembranosa (18.2%) y Leucoplasia pilosa (12.5%). Se encontró asociación entre la presencia de lesiones orales y la etapa de la enfermedad. Palabras claves: Manifestaciones Orales del VIH/SIDA- Chile, SIDA, VIH,Manifestaciones Orales

Optimization of live prey enrichment media for rearing juvenile short-snouted seahorse, hippocampus hippocampus

This study aimed to determine a nutritionally adequate feeding protocol for Hippocampus hippocampus juveniles. In the experimental trial, seahorses were fed copepods from 0–7 days postparturition (DPP) and, from 8–28 DPP, four different dietary treatments: (copepods (control diet) (Cop); microalgae-enriched Artemia with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio of 2:1 (ArtDHA/EPA); microalgae-enriched Artemia with a DHA/EPA ratio of 2:1 along with 5% copepods (ArtDHA/EPA5%); and with 10% copepods (ArtDHA/EPA10%)). At the end of the trial, juvenile seahorses fed Cop grew significantly more (p < 0.05) (5.1 mg d−1 ) than those on fish-fed diets ArtDHA/EPA5% or ArtDHA/EPA10% (3.09 and 3.07 mg d−1 , respectively), or those on the fish-fed ArtDHA/EPA (1.83 mg d−1 ) diet, all of which performed poorly. Data suggest that feeding copepods during the first 7 DPP promotes maturation of the digestive tract of juvenile seahorses, and the addition of a limited amount of copepods to the diet improves H. hippocampus juvenile growth performance when compared with the use of Artemia as a single diet due to the improvement of the essential fatty acid profile in the dietsPrograma Operacional MAR2020, MAR-01.04.02-FEAMP-0029; Programa Operacional MAR2020-16-02-01-FMP-54; LA/P/0101/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Looking for students' enthusiasm: flipped classroom

The “flipped classroom” is a pedagogical model that consists of putting certain learning processes outside the classroom so that the teacher can devote more class time to students’ acquisition of practical skills, for example. In this way, the teacher is not limited to the transmission of course content, but in addition assumes the role of a mediator in the cognitive process, allowing students to actively construct their own knowledge. In this role, the teacher’s main task is to encourage students to become independent learners. This paper describes the implementation and initial results of the application of the flipped classroom in higher education. This study is part of a larger research project to improve our students’ motivation through the use of the flipped learning. The sample consisted of about 3000 students taking 17 different subjects, in Management and Administration Business, Finance and Accounting, Marketing and Market Research, and Chemistry, at the University of Málaga, and in Accounting and Administration, Business Communication and Marketing at the Polytechnic of Porto. According to our results, students’ motivation and class attendance increased with the application of this model; a comparison of the final exam results from two years with traditional classes and from two years with flipped learning shows that the proportion of students failing the exam decreased, which confirms that the use of this pedagogic model improves student learning.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This project is financed by Educational Innovation Projects 2017-2019 from Malaga University

Gamificacion in education and active methodologies at Higher education

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in applying Gamification in Education, which can be defined as the application of game design elements to learning activities. Its purpose is to motivate students by creating an engaging learning experience that can keep students focused on the learning task and its application in the classroom, is still in its emergent stages. Gamification is a great challenge for education, particularly in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in such a traditional context, as is the case with courses like Management and Administration Business, Finance and Accounting, Marketing and Market Research, Chemistry, Accounting and Administration and Business Communication. This paper presents a study, applied in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 academic years, in which the teaching method focuses on a blended learning approach, through the implementation of a flipped classroom model and also through the introduction of online gamification activities such Kahoot! application. Kahoot is a game-based learning platform, used as educational technology that can easily be used for initial, formative and summative assessment of students’ knowledge using individual or collaborative team work mode, adding vitality, student engagement, and also meta-cognitive supports to higher education classrooms with limited instructor or student training required. The participants, in the study, were about 3 000 students of 17 different subjects from the aforementioned courses, of the Malaga University and Polytechnic of Porto. The results of this study suggest that this model improves student learning and are of relevance to researchers, educators and game-based learning designers.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec