Experiències per a l'extensió de l'ús del català en l'educació en el lleure. El Taller d'educació per la llengua

Per aconseguir que una llengua moli i se n'estengui l'ús cal, en primer lloc, establir una estratègia seductora. I per a Tallers per la Llengua, en el context actual del català, aquesta estratègia implica necessàriament recórrer a elements com el prestigi i la dignitat de la llengua: cal trencar prejudicis lingüístics (com el fet que el català és una llengua minoritària) i desenvolupar la llengua amb seguretat i respecte. L'article fa una explicació detallada de les diferents sessions que ofereix Tallers per la Llengua per intentar millorar les actituds i els hàbits lingüístics d'alguns perfils de població. Un d'aquests tallers és el TEL (Taller d'educació per la llengua): adreçat als estudiants d'ESO i batxillerat. Està orientat a desfer prejudicis i promoure el respecte per la diversitat lingüística. També s'exposa el TELP (Taller d'espai lingüístic personal), que, destinat a persones amb una certa sensibilitat lingüística, pretén modificar conductes i treballar l'assertivitat lingüística. Finalment, l'article presenta la iniciativa «Estén el català al teu barri», un joc premiat pel Servei de Política Lingüística de l'Ajuntament de Tarragona.In order to make a language «cool» and spread its use, in the first place a seduction strategy needs to be established. For the Language Workshops, in the current context of Catalan, this strategy necessarily implies working with the prestige and dignity of the language. Language prejudices (such as the idea that Catalan is a minority language) must be done away with and the language must be developed with confidence and respect. This paper describes in detail the various sessions that are run by the Language Workshops with the aim to improve the linguistic attitudes and habits of various population profiles. One of these sessions is the Education for Language Workshop (TEL). Addressed to compulsory secondary education and upper secondary education students, it seeks to eliminate prejudices and promote respect for linguistic diversity. Also described here is the Personal Linguistic Space Workshop (TELP), addressed to persons with a certain linguistic awareness, which seeks to modify behaviours, working on linguistic assertiveness. The paper concludes by presenting the initiative «Spread Catalan in your neighbourhood», a game that has been awarded the prize of the Tarragona City Council’s Language Policy Service

UniversEcom : Tu tienda de informática

Junto al desarrollo y popularización de internet, ha nacido comercialmente un nuevo aire optimista que prefiere ofrecer sus productos virtualmente acogiendo nuevas ventajas competitivas: comodidad, instantaneidad y universalidad. Pero no todo son beneficios en el comercio electrónico ya que éste impide al cliente conocer en primera persona el producto que va a comprar, formular quejas de manera eficaz y diligente ni tampoco garantiza la seguridad de los datos personales del comprador ante la existencia de piratas informáticos. UniversEcom se presenta, por tanto, como una tienda electrónica que pretende atender a esas citadas irregularidades del comercio online y destacar en el mundo del negocio innovando en su administración, de manera que el cliente pueda gestionar sus propios productos a través del móvil sin necesidad de tener que entrar al sitio Web.Next to the development and popularization of Internet, has emerged commercially a new optimistic air which prefers offer its products in a virtual way hosting new competitive advantages: comfort, instantaneousness, and universality. But not everything are benefits in online retail because it prevents the customer from knowing first-hand the product that he goes to buy, from submitting complaints effectively and diligently and also ensuring the personal data security of the purchaser towards the existence of hackers. UniversEcom is therefore presented as an electronic store which pretends attend to those cited irregularities of the online business and seeks to point out in the world of business awarding for innovation in its administration, it will allow the customer to manage his own products over the mobile phone without the need to access the website.Juntament amb el desenvolupament i popularització d'internet, ha nascut comercialment un nou aire optimista que prefereix oferir els seus productes virtualment acollint nous avantatges competitius: comoditat, instantaneïtat i universalitat. Però no tot són beneficis en el comerç electrònic, ja que aquest impedeix al client conèixer en primera persona el producte que va a comprar, formular queixes de manera eficaç i diligent ni tampoc garanteix la seguretat de les dades personals del comprador davant l'existència de pirates informàtics. UniversEcom es presenta, per tant, com una tenda electrònica que pretén atendre a aquestes citades irregularitats del comerç online i destacar al món del negoci innovant en la seva administració, de manera que el client pugui gestionar els seus propis productes a través del mòbil sense necessitat d'haver d'entrar al lloc web

Hydropeaking effects on movement patterns of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)

Radiotelemetry was used to investigate seasonal movement and home range of brown trout Salmo trutta (size range 188–420 mm fork length, N = 30) in two reaches of the Noguera Pallaresa River (Ebro Basin, north‐east Spain) subjected to different flow regulation schemes. NP‐1 reach is a bypassed section with near natural flow conditions, whereas the downstream reach NP‐2 is subjected to daily pulsed flow discharge (i.e., hydropeaking) from an upstream hydropower station. Significant differences in home range size (95% kernel estimates) and seasonal movement pattern between study reaches were found. Mean home range size was (μ ± SE) 112.1 ± 11.5 m in the bypassed reach NP‐1 and increased significantly in the hydropeaking reach NP‐2 up to 237.9 ± 37.2 m. There was a large individual variability in fish home range size within reaches. Most of the seasonal differences in fish movement among reaches were associated with the spawning season. Pulsed discharge events in NP‐2 during daytime in summer (lasting about 3 hr and increasing water flow from 1 to 20 m3/s) did not cause significant displacements in either upstream or downstream direction during the duration of the event. Our results highlight the importance of habitat connectivity in hydropeaking streams due to the need of brown trout to move large distances among complementary habitats, necessary to complete their life cycle, compared with unregulated or more stable streams.Financial support was provided by the Biodiversity Conservation Plan of ENDESA, S.A. (ENEL Group). Carles Alcaraz acknowledges support from CERCA Programme (Generalitat de Catalunya)

Greening the post crisis. Collectivity in private and public community gardens in València (Spain)

[EN] Unlike other Western European countries, community gardens have appeared very recently in Spain, and they have rapidly increased during the last decade. Community gardens have adopted different forms -rental, municipal and associative- with contrasted managerial practices. This paper analyzes collectivity of community gardens in Valencia (Spain), including private initiatives, through semi-structured interviews conducted in different gardens of the Valencia Metropolitan Area. Results show how the financial crisis has acted as a catalyst for urban greening latent demands, causing the expansion of community gardens. Despite the different structure, practices and rules of private and public gardens, all of them share aims and actions related to urban greening, food sovereignty, organic farming and community building, and show similar benefits to those observed in other countries. Moreover, the rental gardens allow farmers to expand their services and to engage directly with consumers.Palau-Salvador, G.; De Luis, A.; Juan Pérez, J.; Sanchis Ibor, C. (2019). Greening the post crisis. Collectivity in private and public community gardens in València (Spain). Cities. 92:292-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.04.005S2923029

Patterns of genetic variability and habitat occupancy in Crepis triasii (Asteraceae) at different spatial scales: insights on evolutionary processes leading to diversification in continental islands

Background and AimsArchipelagos are unique systems for studying evolutionary processes promoting diversification and speciation. The islands of the Mediterranean basin are major areas of plant richness, including a high proportion of narrow endemics. Many endemic plants are currently found in rocky habitats, showing varying patterns of habitat occupancy at different spatial scales throughout their range. The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of varying patterns of population distribution on genetic diversity and structure to shed light on demographic and evolutionary processes leading to population diversification in Crepis triasii, an endemic plant from the eastern Balearic Islands.MethodsUsing allozyme and chloroplast markers, we related patterns of genetic structure and diversity to those of habitat occupancy at a regional (between islands and among populations within islands) and landscape (population size and connectivity) scale.Key ResultsGenetic diversity was highly structured both at the regional and at the landscape level, and was positively correlated with population connectivity in the landscape. Populations located in small isolated mountains and coastal areas, with restricted patterns of regional occupancy, were genetically less diverse and much more differentiated. In addition, more isolated populations had stronger fine-scale genetic structure than well-connected ones. Changes in habitat availability and quality arising from marine transgressions during the Quaternary, as well as progressive fragmentation associated with the aridification of the climate since the last glaciation, are the most plausible factors leading to the observed patterns of genetic diversity and structure.ConclusionsOur results emphasize the importance of gene flow in preventing genetic erosion and maintaining the evolutionary potential of populations. They also agree with recent studies highlighting the importance of restricted gene flow and genetic drift as drivers of plant evolution in Mediterranean continental islands

El barranco de Portainé (Pirineo central): un laboratorio in situ completo para el estudio de la actividad torrencial

Entre 2006 y 2015, el barranco de Portainé y su afluente, el barranco de Reguerals (comarca del Pallars Sobirà, Pirineos de Lleida), han presentado una intensa actividad torrencial. Durante este periodo se han producido diez avenidas, nueve de las cuales han provocado daños importantes en la carretera de acceso a las pistas de esquí de Port Ainé e importantes pérdidas económicas asociadas no sólo a la reparación de las infraestructuras, sino también a la interrupción de la actividad turística después de cada episodio y a las inversiones realizadas para proteger la zona, como la instalación de barreras dinámicas para la retención de sedimentos. En este artículo se presenta una síntesis de los trabajos realizados desde dos ópticas diferentes, el de la gestión del territorio, al ser la estación de esquí uno de los motores socioeconómicos de la zona, y el científico, dado su interés para el estudio de la dinámica torrencial.Postprint (published version

Ectomycorrhizal fungi with hydrophobic mycelia and rhizomorphs dominate in young pine trees surviving experimental drought stress

Mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to cope with drought, but research on the fungal communities that are more resistant to drought or alleviate drought stress of trees is still scarce. In this study, we investigated effects of drought on soil fungal communities and explored potential fungal traits related to drought resistance under greenhouse conditions. We manipulated water availability in pine seedlings belonging to three Spanish Pinus pinaster populations from geographical areas subjected to contrasting summer drought. A set of plant ecophys-iological traits were quantified and soil fungi was quantified and profiled using ergosterol and Pacific Biosciences sequencing. Abundance of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in plants subjected to drought was lower than in well-watered plants. Most ECM taxa in plants surviving drought had long exploration types and were taxa typically forming rhizomorphs and hydrophobic mycelia. By contrast, ECM taxa in well-watered plants had wider range of distinct exploration types. No differences in fungal communities were found among P. pinaster populations. No associations between ECM fungi and plant ecophysiological traits were found, but significant interactions be-tween drought treatments and belowground plant biomass were found for the relative abundances of ECM fungi, particularly ECM with long exploration types. Plants subjected to drought may benefit by associating to ECM taxa previously shown to transport water efficiently.L.S. and R.Z. acknowledge support from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/FEDER Grants FUTURPIN AGL2015-68274-C3-2-R, RESILPIN RTI2018-094691-B-C33 and Xunta de Galicia-GAIN grant IN607/2021/03. J.O. was supported by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2015-17459) and J.A.B. was supported by the Serra-Hunter Program-Generalitat de Catalunya