Вплив сукцинат-похідних на систему оксидантно-антиоксидантного балансу в підшлунковій залозі та печінці щурів

Topicality. The succinate derivatives are widely used as a basis for the metabolite type drugs development which possess various pharmacological effects. The start of drugs production and their medical use depends directly on their safety for health. The xenobiotic safety assessment involves the identification of such changes that may be associated with mechanisms of adaptation or damage in organs and systems of the organism.Aim. To determine the nature of succinate derivatives’ impact on the indices of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in pancreas and liver of rats.Materials and methods. The succinate derivatives were administered to rats orally 30-fold. The biological material studied were the homogenate of pancreas and liver. We determined the content of the dienic conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. We also verified the activeness of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferasees.Results and discussion. We found the influence of succinate derivatives in sub-toxic doses characterized by increased intensity of the lipid peroxidation in the pancreas interconnected with the changes in the activity of these reactions in the liver. These effects were determined due to the antioxidant enzymes activity decrease. The compounds’ impact differed in the degreeof disorders in the oxidative-antioxidant organs homeostasis . We have registered that the influence of relatively low doses of the succinate derivatives caused less severe and multidirectional changes in the lipid peroxidation indices and signs of the enhanced the antioxidant protection in the studied organs.Conclusions. The succinate derivatives course changes in the activity of the free radical oxidation and antioxidantsystem in pancreas and liver thus can affect the state of the metabolic processes in organism.Актуальность. Сукцинат-производные широко применяются для разработки на их основе лекарственных средств метаболического типа действия с разнообразными фармакологическими эффектами. Внедрение лекарственных средств в производство и медицинскую практику напрямую зависит от их безопасности для здоровья. Оценка безопасности ксенобиотиков предусматривает выявление таких изменений, которые могут влиять на механизмы адаптации или повреждения органов и систем организма.Цель работы – выяснить характер влияния сукцинат- производных на показатели липопероксидации и антиоксидантной системы в поджелудочной железе и печени крыс.Материалы и методы. Сукцинат-производные вводили крысам перорально 30-кратно. Биоматериалом служили гомогенат поджелудочной железы и печени. Определяли содержание диеновых конъюгатов, гидроперекисей липидов, активных соединений, реагирующих с тиобарбитуровой кислотой, активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы, глутатионпероксидазы и глутатион-S-трансферазы.Результаты и их обсуждение. Установлено, что влияние сукцинат-производных в субтоксических дозах характеризуется повышением интенсивности перекисного окисления липидов в поджелудочной железе, которое взаимосвязано с изменениями активности этих реакций в печени крыс. Такие эффекты обусловлены снижением активности антиоксидантных энзимов. Действие соединений отличается по степени нарушений окислительно-антиоксидантного гомеостаза органов. В относительно малых дозах соединений зарегистрированыменее выраженные, разнонаправленные изменения показателей перекисного окисления липидов и признаки улучшения антиоксидантной защиты органов.Выводы. Сукцинат-производные вызывают изменения интенсивности свободнорадикального окисления и активности антиоксидантной системы в поджелудочной железе и печени, тем самым могут влиять на состояние метаболических процессов в организме.Актуальність. Сукцинат-похідні широко застосовуються для розробки на їх основі лікарських засобів метаболічного типу дії з різноманітними фармакологічними ефектами. Впровадження лікарських засобів у виробництво та медичну практику напряму залежить від їх безпечності для здоров’я. Оцінка безпечності ксенобіотиків передбачає виявлення таких змін, які можуть впливати на механізми адаптації або пошкодження органів та систем організму.Мета роботи – з’ясувати характер впливу сукцинат-похідних на показники ліпопероксидації та антиоксидантної системи у підшлунковій залозі та печінці щурів.Матеріали та методи. Сукцинат-похідні вводили щурам перорально 30-разово. Біоматеріалом служили гомогенат підшлункової залози та печінки. Визначали вміст дієнових кон’югатів, гідропероксидів ліпідів, активних сполук, які реагують з тіобарбітуровою кислотою, активність супероксиддисмутази, каталази, глутатіон- пероксидази та глутатіон-S-трансферази.Результати та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що вплив сукцинат-похідних в субтоксичних дозах характеризується підвищенням інтенсивності ліпопероксидації у підшлунковій залозі, що взаємопов’язано зі змінами активності цих реакцій у печінці щурів. Такі ефекти обумовлені зниженням активності антиоксидантних ензимів. Дія сполук відрізняється за ступенем порушення окисно-антиоксидантного гомеостазу органів. У відносномалих дозах сполук зареєстровані менш виражені, різноспрямовані зміни показників ліпопероксидації та ознаки покращення антиоксидантного захисту органів.Висновки. Сукцинат-похідні викликають зміни стану вільно-радикального окиснення та антиоксидантноїсистеми у підшлунковій залозі та печінці, що може впливати на перебіг метаболічних процесів в організмі

Experimental research of cerebroprotective activity of the new 4-aminobutatanoic acid derivative

The aim. To study the cerebroprotective activity of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid the compound KGM-5 on the effect on survival and behavioural responses, cognitive impairment and neurological deficits in rats with acute cerebrovascular accident. Materials and methods. Acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) was simulated in rats by irreversible unilateral carotid occlusion (UCO) under anesthesia with sodium thiopental (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, IP). Five groups of animals were used: intact control (IC, n=6), a group of animals with ACVA, which were not treated (control pathology, CP, n=13); group of animals with ACVA, which were treated for 5 days after surgery (first injection 30 min before surgery) with the compound KGM-5 (ACVA+KGM-5, n=14) at a conditionally effective dose of 30 mg/kg body weight of animals, a group of animals with ACVA (ACVA+CD “Picamilon”, n=13), who received IP for 5 days, the comparison drug (CD) “Picamilon” at a dose of 17 mg/kg and pseudo-operated animals (POA), n=8), which were operated without ligation of the carotid artery, which allows to level the effect of anesthesia and surgery on the studied indicators. The cerebroprotective effect of the studied agents was assessed by an integral criterion – survival of animals (throughout the experiment), indicators of neurological deficit (24, 48, 72, 94 hours after ACVA modelling), the state of cognitive functions in the test of extrapolation escape test (EET) (72 hours after ACVA modelling) Results. The KGM-5 compound contributed to a significant reduction in the severity of neurological deficit, as evidenced by significant differences in this indicator compared with CP, respectively, the first (0.5 points vs. 1.25 points, p<0.05), the third (0.0 points against 1.0 point, p<0.05) and the fourth day (0.0 points vs. 0.5 points, p<0.05) after OCO. Under the influence of CD “Picamilon” reduction of neurological deficit compared with CP was observed on the first, third and fourth days, but these differences were insignificant (p>0.05). Both studied agents - the compound KGM-5 and CD “Picamilon” contributed to the improvement of cognitive functions of rats with ACVA, as evidenced by a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the latent period of diving in the EET, respectively, 1.8 and 1.7 times compared with CP and did not show a significant effect on animal survival. Conclusion. The cerebroprotective activity of a new 4-aminobutanoic acid derivative in the conditions of acute cerebrovascular accident in rats was established in terms of the ability to reduce the severity of neurological deficits and improve cognitive functions in the extrapolation escape test. The severity of cerebroprotective activity of the new compound is not inferior to GABA-ergic drug “Picamilon”

Сохранение наследия архитектуры метаболизма в современной Японии

The main focus of the article is on the problem of the modern attitude to the remaining legacy of Metabolism in Japan. In the course of the research rare cases of renovation of architecture in Japan were revealed. In order to determine the historical value of modern architecture in Japan, a system “language-tradition-space” which links with the Japanese culture, was used. The full-scale survey of one of the Tokyo districts was also carried out to prove the certain connection between the value of space and time in modern Japanese culture.Автор сосредотачивает внимание на проблеме современного отношения к сохранившемуся наследию метаболизма в Японии. Представлены редкие случаи реновации архитектуры этого творческого направления. Для возможной системы определения исторической ценности архитектурных объектов в Японии предлагается использовать принцип «язык – традиция – место». Для доказательства концепции неразрывности связи ценности места и времени в современной японской культуре показаны результаты натурного обследования автором одного из районов Токио – Гиндза

The rationale for the development of new drinking yoghurt based on the technology of fermented milk drink functional purpose

The aim of this work is to study and develop new varieties of drinking yogurt based on the technology of fermented milk drinks with added wild plant ingredients. In this case the wild plant ‘actinidia kolomikta’ (A. kolomikta) which grows in the southern Far East of Russia was used. Research on the product range and consumer preferences in retail networks was conducted in the cities of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok allowing to justify the introduction of the new yogurts. The study shows that among the available yogurts only one fifth is produced in the far East and more than half of the yogurts are produced in the Central part of Russia. Although, yogurt from local raw materials was found in isolated cases, there was no yogurt preparation that uses wild plants. A vast majority of the respondents were interested in and were willing to buy enriched yogurt with functional food ingredients such as those present in fermented milk products prepared with traditional technologies which are used for the preparation of the yogurt of our study. The paper also presents the formulation and technological scheme of the new drink, their physicochemical and organoleptic characteris-tics, and safety performance. The new drinkable yogurt that contains the ‘actinidia kolomik-ta’ fruit complies with the properties of functional food. This type of yogurts are eligible as functional food because they meet the requirements of the operating normative documenta-tion (GOST R 52409-2005) and are probiotic. The functional ingredients providing these properties to the yogurt are the vitamin and mineral components. The study concludes that is viable to obtain high-quality drinking yogurt with functional purposes using the Far Eastern herbal raw ingredient ‘actinidia kolomikta’

Nasal Chemosensory-Stimulation Evoked Activity Patterns in the Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Visualized by In Vivo Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging

Mammalian nasal chemosensation is predominantly mediated by two independent neuronal pathways, the olfactory and the trigeminal system. Within the early olfactory system, spatiotemporal responses of the olfactory bulb to various odorants have been mapped in great detail. In contrast, far less is known about the representation of volatile chemical stimuli at an early stage in the trigeminal system, the trigeminal ganglion (TG), which contains neurons directly projecting to the nasal cavity. We have established an in vivo preparation that allows high-resolution imaging of neuronal population activity from a large region of the rat TG using voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs). Application of different chemical stimuli to the nasal cavity elicited distinct, stimulus-category specific, spatiotemporal activation patterns that comprised activated as well as suppressed areas. Thus, our results provide the first direct insights into the spatial representation of nasal chemosensory information within the trigeminal ganglion imaged at high temporal resolution

St.Petersburg Escape Experience Tour

The growing popularity of Russia as a tourist destination and the high interest towards escape rooms and quests opens new business opportunities and market niches. The aim of this thesis is to develop a tourist product based on the new escape room tourism concept combining the historical, cultural and game experiences. The choice of the theme and destination was determined by the authors’ personal backgrounds and the destination proximity to Finland. The theoretical research was implemented with the use of several tools, such as Porter’s Five Forces Model, SWOT-analysis, User Persona, BonBus analysis, Product Design Canvas, Value Proposition Design, Customer Journey Map, online survey and 5-step marketing strategy. The practical part provides the authors finding and application of the chosen methods to St. Petersburg Escape Experience Tour development. The selection of these particular theories results in understanding of the current market situation, defining the main target customer groups and sets a framework for the product development. The project plan chapter presents the timeline for the development process and describes the steps the authors took and will take from ideation to the product launch. The details of the developed product are presented in Appendix 1 and include environmental analysis, customer target group defining, itinerary choices and combination and market entry strategies. The product development was supported by the authors experience gained from testing the itinerary elements during the self-performed study trip to the selected destination. The actual work is aimed at providing a sustainable basis for the possible future launch of a new authentic and multidimensional tourism experience product, based on the existing demand and satisfying the customers’ need for a new type of adventure tour to St. Petersburg