Economic feasibility of hay enriched extruded production as a complete diet for equine

The present study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of production and commercialization project of Hay Enriched Extruded (HEE) as a complete diet for horses. The study was based on survey data and quotation activities involving price from the land preparation (repair, planting and fertilization) to the processing of the product at the factory (extrusion) and marketing. Transportation costs and taxes were also considered. Discounted Cash Flow (30 years) was used to calculate the profitability indicator and the Profit and Loss Statement (PLS). Calculations were developed using Microsoft Office Excel® spreadsheets. Three production scenarios were simulated with different consumer prices: Scenario 1 - equivalent to the complete diet, where the ingredients are supplied together, but purchased separately; Scenario 2 - Considering a value 10% higher than the complete diet; Scenario 3 - Considering a value 20% higher than the complete diet. We observed that the project was economically viable in the three suggested scenarios with positive Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return greater than 9.4% and payback of 11 to 2 years. The results enable us to conclude that the product may be a promising investment for both product quality and ease of use as the rapid return on invested capital.O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade econômica de um projeto de produção e comercialização do Feno Enriquecido Extrusado (FEE) como dieta completa para equinos. O estudo baseou-se em levantamento de dados e cotação de preços de atividades que envolvem desde o preparo da terra (correção, plantio e adubação) até o beneficiamento do produto na fábrica (extrusão) e comercialização. Foram considerados também os custos com transporte e tributações. Para o cálculo dos indicadores de rentabilidade utilizou-se o método do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado (período de 30 anos) e da Demonstração de Resultados do Exercício (DRE). Os cálculos foram desenvolvidos utilizando planilhas eletrônicas do pacote Microsoft Office Excel®. Foram simulados três cenários de produção com diferentes preços ao consumidor: Cenário 1) equivalente à dieta completa, onde os ingredientes são fornecidos em conjunto, mas adquiridos separadamente; Cenário 2) considerando um valor 10% maior que o da dieta completa; Cenário 3) considerando um valor 20% maior que o da dieta completa. Pôde-se observar que o projeto foi viável economicamente nos três cenários sugeridos com Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) positivo, Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) maior que 9,4% aa e payback de 11 a 2 anos. A produção de FEE pode ser um investimento promissor tanto pela qualidade do produto e facilidade de uso quanto pelo rápido retorno do capital investido

Economic feasibility of hay enriched extruded production as a complete diet for equine

The present study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of production and commercialization project of Hay Enriched Extruded (HEE) as a complete diet for horses. The study was based on survey data and quotation activities involving price from the land preparation (repair, planting and fertilization) to the processing of the product at the factory (extrusion) and marketing. Transportation costs and taxes were also considered. Discounted Cash Flow (30 years) was used to calculate the profitability indicator and the Profit and Loss Statement (PLS). Calculations were developed using Microsoft Office Excel® spreadsheets. Three production scenarios were simulated with different consumer prices: Scenario 1 - equivalent to the complete diet, where the ingredients are supplied together, but purchased separately; Scenario 2 - Considering a value 10% higher than the complete diet; Scenario 3 - Considering a value 20% higher than the complete diet. We observed that the project was economically viable in the three suggested scenarios with positive Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return greater than 9.4% and payback of 11 to 2 years. The results enable us to conclude that the product may be a promising investment for both product quality and ease of use as the rapid return on invested capital

Prevalência de Candida spp. em biofilme dentário de usuários de aparelhos ortodônticos fixos

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Candida spp. in dental plaque of users of fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) and relate to their habits and characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We isolated and identified strains of Candida in saliva samples from individuals using FOA with the presence of microbial biofilm and individuals without the presence of biofilm (control group) in the laboratory cultivation. RESULTS: We analyzed 108 samples from individuals with biofilm and 51 individuals in the control group. Of the 108 samples analyzed, 52 (48.1%) were negative for Candida and 56 (55.2%) were positive, with eight patients were isolated two species of Candida, four patients with C. albicans and C. krusei, with one C. albicans and C. tropicalis, with one C. albicans and C. glabrata, with one C. tropicalis and C. glabrata and with one C. tropicalis and C. krusei. In the control group 33.3% had isolated Candida, even showing no biofilm. CONCLUSION: Were detected and pathogenic Candida species intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal agents, emphasizing the importance of mycological diagnosis for appropriate treatment of infections caused by this group of fungi present in the oral cavity of individuals.OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de Candida spp. em biofilme dentário de usuários de aparelhos ortodônticos fixos (AOF) e relacionar com seus hábitos e características. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram isolados e identificados cepas de Candida em amostras de saliva em indivíduos usuários de AOF com presença de biofilme microbiano e indivíduos usuários de AOF mas sem presença de biofilme (grupo controle), a partir do cultivo em laboratório. RESULTADOS: Neste estudo foram analisadas 108 amostras de indivíduos com biofilme, e 51 indivíduos no grupo controle. Das 108 amostras analisadas, 52 (48,1%) foram negativas para o gênero Candida e 56 (55,2%) foram positivas, sendo que em oito pacientes foram isolados duas espécies de Candida, quatro pacientes com C. albicans e C. krusei, um com C. albicans e C. tropicalis, um com C. albicans e C. glabrata, um com C. tropicalis e C. glabrata e um com C. tropicalis e C. krusei. No grupo controle 33,3% apresentaram isolamento de Candida, mesmo não apresentando biofilme. CONCLUSÃO: Foram detectadas espécies de Candida patogênicas e intrinsicamente resistentes aos convencionais antifúngicos, ressaltando a importância do diagnóstico micológico para um tratamento adequado das infecções causadas por este grupo de fungos presentes na cavidade oral dos indivíduos. ___________________________________________________

Prevalence of candida spp. in the dental biofilm of fixed orthodontic appliances users

Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de Candida spp. em biofilme dentário de usuários de aparelhos ortodônticos fixos (AOF) e relacionar com seus hábitos e características. Materiais e métodos: Foram isolados e identificados cepas de Candida em amostras de saliva em indivíduos usuários de AOF com presença de biofilme microbiano e indivíduos usuários de AOF mas sem presença de biofilme (grupo controle), a partir do cultivo em laboratório. Resultados: Neste estudo foram analisadas 108 amostras de indivíduos com biofilme, e 51 indivíduos no grupo controle. Das 108 amostras analisadas, 52 (48,1%) foram negativas para o gênero Candida e 56 (55,2%) foram positivas, sendo que em oito pacientes foram isolados duas espécies de Candida, quatro pacientes com C. albicans e C. krusei, um com C. albicans e C. tropicalis, um com C. albicans e C. glabrata, um com C. tropicalis e C. glabrata e um com C. tropicalis e C. krusei. No grupo controle 33,3% apresentaram isolamento de Candida, mesmo não apresentando biofilme. Conclusão: Foram detectadas espécies de Candida patogênicas e intrinsicamente resistentes aos convencionais antifúngicos, ressaltando a importância do diagnóstico micológico para um tratamento adequado das infecções causadas por este grupo de fungos presentes na cavidade oral dos indivíduos.Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Candida spp. in dental plaque of users of fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) and relate to their habits and characteristics. Materials and methods: We isolated and identified strains of Candida in saliva samples from individuals using FOA with the presence of microbial biofilm and individuals without the presence of biofilm (control group) in the laboratory cultivation. Results: We analyzed 108 samples from individuals with biofilm and 51 individuals in the control group. Of the 108 samples analyzed, 52 (48.1%) were negative for Candida and 56 (55.2%) were positive, with eight patients were isolated two species of Candida, four patients with C. albicans and C. krusei, with one C. albicans and C. tropicalis, with one C. albicans and C. glabrata, with one C. tropicalis and C. glabrata and with one C. tropicalis and C. krusei. In the control group 33.3% had isolated Candida, even showing no biofilm. Conclusion: Were detected and pathogenic Candida species intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal agents, emphasizing the importance of mycological diagnosis for appropriate treatment of infections caused by this group of fungi present in the oral cavity of individuals

Highly parallel assays of tissue-specific enhancers in whole Drosophila embryos

Transcriptional enhancers are a primary mechanism by which tissue-specific gene expression is achieved. Despite the importance of these regulatory elements in development, responses to environmental stresses, and disease, testing enhancer activity in animals remains tedious, with a minority of enhancers having been characterized. Here, we have developed ‘enhancer-FACS-Seq’ (eFS) technology for highly parallel identification of active, tissue-specific enhancers in Drosophila embryos. Analysis of enhancers identified by eFS to be active in mesodermal tissues revealed enriched DNA binding site motifs of known and putative, novel mesodermal transcription factors (TFs). Naïve Bayes classifiers using TF binding site motifs accurately predicted mesodermal enhancer activity. Application of eFS to other cell types and organisms should accelerate the cataloging of enhancers and understanding how transcriptional regulation is encoded within them

PARÂMETROS BIOQUÍMICOS E DESEMPENHO DE EQUINOS SUPLEMENTADOS COM COENZIMA Q10

O objetivo foi avaliar os padrões fisiológicos e metabólicos de equinos submetidos ao exercício aeróbio e suplementados com CoQ10. Foram utilizados dez equinos machos, castrados, da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, divididos em grupo controle (GC, sem suplementação) e grupo suplementado (GS). Os cavalos foram submetidos a um programa de exercício aeróbio por 90 dias. O GS recebeu 10 mL de um produto comercial contendo 8% de CoQ10. Todos os animais foram exercitados cinco dias por semana durante 60 minutos (30 minutos no sentido horário, inversão do sentido, 30 minutos no sentido anti-horário) nas velocidades 8, 12 e 15 km/h em exercitador circular mecânico. Foram avaliadas as frequências cardíacas (FC) basal, máxima, de repouso e média e as atividades das enzimas séricas creatina quinase (CK), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), lactato desidrogenase (LDH). As concentrações sanguíneas de glicose e lactato foram avaliadas de 0 a 15 minutos após o término do exercício. As avaliações foram realizadas nos dias D0 (início da suplementação e treinamento), D30, D60 e D90. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, considerando p < 0,05. Não foi observado efeito da suplementação nos parâmetros FC basal, máxima e de repouso. A análise estatística da FC média acusou menor valor em D30 e D60 para o GS. A suplementação com CoQ10 não influenciou na atividade das enzimas AST e LDH e na concentração sanguínea de glicose e lactato após o exercício. Porém, o GS apresentou menor atividade da enzima CK e, com o passar dos dias, foi observada maior atividade da enzima. Os resultados sugerem um efeito positivo da suplementação com CoQ10 na atividade da enzima CK e na FC média de equinos submetidos a exercício aeróbio, o qual pode tornar-se uma estratégia para o melhorar o desempenho atlético de cavalos em provas de resistência

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article

Découverte et analyse d’inactivateurs de transcription chez la Drosophile agissant comme amplificateurs dans différents contextes cellulaires

A major challenge in biology is to understand how complex gene expression patterns in organismal development are encoded in the genome. While transcriptional enhancers have been studied extensively, few transcriptional silencers have been identified and they remain poorly understood. Here we used a novel strategy to screen hundreds of sequences for tissue-specific silencer activity in whole Drosophila embryos. Strikingly, 100% of the tested elements that we found to act as transcriptional silencers were also active enhancers in other cellular contexts. These elements were enriched in highly occupied target (HOT) region overlap (Roy et al., 2010) and specific transcription factor (TF) motif combinations. CRM bifunctionality complicates the understanding of how gene regulation is specified in the genome and how it is read out differently in different cell types. Our results challenge the common practice of treating elements with enhancer activity identified in one cell type as serving exclusively activating roles in the organism and suggest that thousands or more bifunctional CRMs remain to be discovered in Drosophila and perhaps 104-105 in human (Heintzman et al., 2009). Characterization of bifunctional elements should aid in investigations of how precise gene expression patterns are encoded in the genome.Un des enjeux majeurs de la biologie moderne est de comprendre les mécanismes complexes régissant l’expression de gènes d’un organisme en développement. Alors que les activateurs (enhancers) ont été abondamment étudiés et analysés, seul un relatif petit nombre de répresseurs (silencers) a été identifié à ce jour et restent jusqu’à présent assez mal compris. Un nombre non négligeable de CRMs jouent par ailleurs un double rôle à la fois d’amplificateurs et d’inactivateurs de transcription en fonction de l’état ou du type cellulaire dans lequel ils se trouvent, rajoutant un niveau supplémentaire de à la régulation génique dans différents types cellulaires et tissus. De façon surprenante, nous avons découvert que tous les éléments ayant une activité de répression transcriptionnelle que nous avons identifiés, s’avèrent aussi avoir une activité d’activation transcriptionnelle dans d’autres contextes cellulaires. Nos résultats remettent donc en question le paradigme de deux catégories distinctes de CRMs et suggèrent que des milliers, ou plus, d’éléments bifonctionnels restent à être découverts chez la Drosophile et potentiellement 104-105 chez l’humain. Le référencement et la caractérisation de ces éléments devraient s’avérer utiles, si ce n’est cruciaux, afin de comprendre la façon par laquelle ces motifs d’expression sont encodés au sein des génomes d'organismes métazoaires et donc éventuellement chez l’Homme

Discovery and analysis of silencers in Drosophila acting as enhancers in other cellular contexts

Un des enjeux majeurs de la biologie moderne est de comprendre les mécanismes complexes régissant l’expression de gènes d’un organisme en développement. Alors que les activateurs (enhancers) ont été abondamment étudiés et analysés, seul un relatif petit nombre de répresseurs (silencers) a été identifié à ce jour et restent jusqu’à présent assez mal compris. Un nombre non négligeable de CRMs jouent par ailleurs un double rôle à la fois d’amplificateurs et d’inactivateurs de transcription en fonction de l’état ou du type cellulaire dans lequel ils se trouvent, rajoutant un niveau supplémentaire de à la régulation génique dans différents types cellulaires et tissus. De façon surprenante, nous avons découvert que tous les éléments ayant une activité de répression transcriptionnelle que nous avons identifiés, s’avèrent aussi avoir une activité d’activation transcriptionnelle dans d’autres contextes cellulaires. Nos résultats remettent donc en question le paradigme de deux catégories distinctes de CRMs et suggèrent que des milliers, ou plus, d’éléments bifonctionnels restent à être découverts chez la Drosophile et potentiellement 104-105 chez l’humain. Le référencement et la caractérisation de ces éléments devraient s’avérer utiles, si ce n’est cruciaux, afin de comprendre la façon par laquelle ces motifs d’expression sont encodés au sein des génomes d'organismes métazoaires et donc éventuellement chez l’Homme.A major challenge in biology is to understand how complex gene expression patterns in organismal development are encoded in the genome. While transcriptional enhancers have been studied extensively, few transcriptional silencers have been identified and they remain poorly understood. Here we used a novel strategy to screen hundreds of sequences for tissue-specific silencer activity in whole Drosophila embryos. Strikingly, 100% of the tested elements that we found to act as transcriptional silencers were also active enhancers in other cellular contexts. These elements were enriched in highly occupied target (HOT) region overlap (Roy et al., 2010) and specific transcription factor (TF) motif combinations. CRM bifunctionality complicates the understanding of how gene regulation is specified in the genome and how it is read out differently in different cell types. Our results challenge the common practice of treating elements with enhancer activity identified in one cell type as serving exclusively activating roles in the organism and suggest that thousands or more bifunctional CRMs remain to be discovered in Drosophila and perhaps 104-105 in human (Heintzman et al., 2009). Characterization of bifunctional elements should aid in investigations of how precise gene expression patterns are encoded in the genome

Sais imidazólicos de corantes azoicos com potencial antifúngico e de marcação celular

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