Concordância entre dados obtidos em entrevistas repetidas com seis anos de intervalo

The objective of the study was to compare information collected through face-to-face interviews at first time and six years later in a city of Southeastern Brazil. In 1998, 32 mothers (N=32) of children aged 20 to 30 months answered a face-to-face interview with structured questions regarding their children's brushing habits. Six years later this same interview was repeated with the same mothers. Both interviews were compared for overall agreement, kappa and weighted kappa. Overall agreement between both interviews varied from 41 to 96%. Kappa values ranged from 0.00 to 0.65 (very bad to good) without any significant differences. The results showed lack of agreement when the same interview is conducted six years later, showing that the recall bias can be a methodological problem of interviews.O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a informação coletada em entrevista pessoal num primeiro momento e seis anos depois, em Minas Gerais. Em 1998, 32 mães (N=32) de crianças com idade entre 20 a 30 meses responderam à entrevista pessoal com questões estruturadas sobre os hábitos de escovação das crianças, sendo repetida seis anos depois. As duas entrevistas foram comparadas em concordância geral e em coeficientes kappa e kappa ponderado. A concordância geral entre as entrevistas variou de 41% a 96%. Os valores de kappa variaram de 0,00 a 0,65 (muito ruim a bom), sem diferença significativa. Os resultados mostraram que houve ausência de concordância quando a mesma entrevista foi conduzida seis anos depois, mostrando que o viés de memória pode ser um problema metodológico das entrevistas

Concordância entre dados obtidos em entrevistas repetidas com seis anos de intervalo

CAPES - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOThe objective of the study was to compare information collected through face-to-face interviews at first time and six years later in a city of Southeastern Brazil. In 1998, 32 mothers (N=32) of children aged 20 to 30 months answered a face-to-face interview with structured questions regarding their children's brushing habits. Six years later this same interview was repeated with the same mothers. Both interviews were compared for overall agreement, kappa and weighted kappa. Overall agreement between both interviews varied from 41 to 96%. Kappa values ranged from 0.00 to 0.65 (very bad to good) without any significant differences. The results showed lack of agreement when the same interview is conducted six years later, showing that the recall bias can be a methodological problem of interviews.The objective of the study was to compare information collected through face-to-face interviews at first time and six years later in a city of Southeastern Brazil. In 1998, 32 mothers (N=32) of children aged 20 to 30 months answered a face-to-face interview with structured questions regarding their children's brushing habits. Six years later this same interview was repeated with the same mothers. Both interviews were compared for overall agreement, kappa and weighted kappa. Overall agreement between both interviews varied from 41 to 96%. Kappa values ranged from 0.00 to 0.65 (very bad to good) without any significant differences. The results showed lack of agreement when the same interview is conducted six years later, showing that the recall bias can be a methodological problem of interviews422346349CAPES - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçãoO objetivo do estudo foi comparar a informação coletada em entrevista pessoal num primeiro momento e seis anos depois, em Minas Gerais. Em 1998, 32 mães (N=32) de crianças com idade entre 20 a 30 meses responderam à entrevista pessoal com questões estruturadas sobre os hábitos de escovação das crianças, sendo repetida seis anos depois. As duas entrevistas foram comparadas em concordância geral e em coeficientes kappa e kappa ponderado. A concordância geral entre as entrevistas variou de 41% a 96%. Os valores de kappa variaram de 0,00 a 0,65 (muito ruim a bom), sem diferença significativa. Os resultados mostraram que houve ausência de concordância quando a mesma entrevista foi conduzida seis anos depois, mostrando que o viés de memória pode ser um problema metodológico das entrevista

UTILIZAÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS GENÉRICOS PELA POPULAÇÃO DE UMA CIDADE DO INTERIOR DE SÃO PAULO

The generic is a medicine that has all the conformities of the reference medicine, what makes them different is that it is only produced after the expiration of the patent of the reference medicine, it is bioequivalent to it, therefore interchangeable. This class of drugs clearly demonstrates its benefits to the population, due to its quality of efficacy, social benefit, economic value and pharmaceutical equivalence. The main objective of this work was to investigate the behavior and knowledge of people, regardless of their social class, regarding generic drugs. It refers to a cross-sectional descriptive study, which used a questionnaire containing 25 questions, which was analyzed according to the responses of randomly chosen people. 100 people aged 19-68 years were interviewed, among 100 respondents, 71% were women and 29% men. As for using continuous medicine, 64% use it and 36% do not use it, 45% receive it from the municipal health unit and 55% of them do not receive it. As for the use of generics, 88% use them while 12% do not use them. The results demonstrate the need for greater awareness among prescribers in order to increase the use of generic drugs and thus contribute to reducing costs for the population.O genérico é um medicamento que possui todas as conformidades do medicamento referência, o que os difere, é que somente é produzido após a expiração da patente do medicamento referência, é bioequivalente ao mesmo, portanto intercambiável. Esta classe de medicamentos demonstra com clareza seus benefícios á população, devido a sua qualidade de eficácia, benefício social, valor econômico e equivalência farmacêutica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal, investigar o comportamento e o conhecimento de pessoas independente de sua classe social, frente à medicamentos genéricos. Refere-se a um estudo descritivo transversal, o qual utilizou um questionário contendo 25 questões, que foi analisado de acordo com as respostas das pessoas escolhidas aleatoriamente. Foram entrevistadas 100 pessoas entre 19-68 anos, entre 100 entrevistados, 71% eram mulheres e 29% homens. Quanto a usarem medicamento contínuo 64% faz uso e 36% não fazem uso, 45% recebem da unidade de saúde do município e 55% deles não recebem. Quanto ao uso de genéricos, 88% usam enquanto 12% não usa. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de maior conscientização dos prescritores com o intuito de aumentar o uso de medicamentos genéricos e dessa forma contribuir para a diminuição dos custos para a população

Polish device for FOCCoS/PFS slit system

The Fiber Optical Cable and Connector System, FOCCoS, for the Prime Focus Spectrograph, PFS, is responsible for transporting light from the Subaru Telescope focal plane to a set of four spectrographs. Each spectrograph will be fed by a convex curved slit with 616 optical fibers organized in a linear arrangement. The slit frontal surface is covered with a special dark composite, made with refractory oxide, which is able to sustain its properties with minimum quantities of abrasives during the polishing process; this stability is obtained This stability is obtained by the detachment of the refractory oxide nanoparticles, which then gently reinforce gently the polishing process and increase its the efficiency. The surface roughness measured in several samples after high performance polishing was about 0.01 microns. Furthermore, the time for obtaining a polished surface with this quality is about 10 times less than the time required for polishing a brass, glass or ceramic surface of the same size. In this paper, we describe the procedure developed for high quality polishing of this type of slit. The cylindrical polishing described here, uses cylindrical concave metal bases on which glass paper is based. The polishing process consists to use grid sequences of 30 microns, 12 microns, 9 microns, 5 microns, 3 microns, 1 micron and, finally, a colloidal silica on a chemical cloth. To obtain the maximum throughput, the surface of the fibers should be polished in such a way that they are optically flat and free from scratches. The optical fibers are inspected with a microscope at all stages of the polishing process to ensure high quality. The efficiency of the process may be improved by using a cylindrical concave composite base as a substrate suitable for diamond liquid solutions. Despite this process being completely by hand, the final result shows a very high quality

O efeito da água residuária da suinocultura no desenvolvimento e qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813330This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different proportions of ARS (Swine Wastewater) and two agesof seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla in their morphological quality. The experiment was conducted atthe Experimental Hydraulics, Irrigation and Drainage Department of Agricultural Engineering, FederalUniversity of Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, in a greenhouse. The experiment consistedof 10 treatments in a factorial 5 x 2 (5 proportions of ARS supplemented with nitrogen fertilization andseedling age 2) with different number of repetitions, and the experimental design was a randomizedblock. To track the growth of seedlings of the species studied were evaluated at 75 and 90 days aftersowing, the following morphological characteristics: height of shoot (H), stem diameter (CD), shoot drymass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry matter (TDM), seedling height raltionship/collar diameter(H/CD), shoot dray mass ratio/root dry mass (SDM/MSR) and Dickson quality index (IQD). The resultsshowed that the proportion of 50% of ARS is the one which results in the best morphological characteristicsof eucalyptus seedlings. The seedlings showed the planting in the field only 90 days after sowing.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813330Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes proporções de ARS (Água Residuária da Suinocultura) e duas idades das mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla na sua qualidade morfológica. O experimento foi instalado na Área Experimental de Hidráulica, Irrigação e Drenagem do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), em Viçosa, MG, dentro de casa de vegetação. O experimento foi composto por 10 tratamentos em um esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (5 proporções de ARS complementadas com adubação nitrogenada de cobertura e 2 idades das mudas), com número de repetições diferentes, o delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados. Para acompanhar o crescimento das mudas da espécie estudada foram avaliadas, aos 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura, as seguintes características morfológicas: altura da parte aérea (H), diâmetro do coleto (DC), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR), massa seca total (MST), relação da altura da parte aérea/diâmetro do coleto (H/DC), relação da massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca da raiz (MSPA/MSR) e o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a proporção correspondente a 50% de ARS é a que resulta em melhores características morfológicas das mudas de eucalipto. As mudas apresentaram-se aptas ao plantio no campo somente aos 90 dias após a semeadura

Association Between Socioeconomic Factors and the Choice of Dentifrice and Fluoride Intake by Children

It is questionable whether socioeconomic factors influence the choice of marketed children’s dentifrices and whether these products are associated with greater fluoride (F) intake in children. The present cross-sectional study involving 197 children (mean age: 40.98 ± 6.62 months) was carried out in Montes Claros, Brazil. Parents completed a questionnaire on socioeconomic status and the tooth brushing habits of their children. The children brushed their teeth and saliva residues were collected for F analysis. F intake from dentifrice was determined with an ion-specific electrode. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to test whether the type of dentifrice (children’s or family) and F dose (<0.05 and ≥0.05 mg F/Kg of body weight/day) were associated with the independent variables (p < 0.05). No differences were found between children’s and family dentifrices regarding daily F intake (0.046 and 0.040 mg F/Kg/day, respectively; p = 0.513). The following were strong predictors for the use of a children’s dentifrice: studying at a private kindergarten (OR: 6.89; p < 0.001); age that the child begun to tooth brush <2 years (OR: 2.93; p = 0.041), and the interaction between the variables “use of the same dentifrice as parents” and “type of tooth brush used” (OR: 27.20; p < 0.001). “The amount of dentifrice used” and “frequency of tooth brushing” (p ≤ 0.004) had a statistically and synergistic effect over the daily F dose. The present study found a social influence over the choice of dentifrice: children with a high socioeconomic status tend to use a children’s dentifrice. The amount of dentifrice used can strongly increase the risk of exposure to higher doses of F, regardless of the type of dentifrice

Os desafios do professor-tutor à distância no ensino superior / The challenges of the teacher-tutor to distance in higher education

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar os processos de educação à distância pelo viés humano pedagógico do professor tutor, um importantíssimo profissional que é protagonista nas relações ensino x aprendizagem na EaD. Na introdução é apresentado um levantamento de como funcionam as discussões atuais do cenário EaD e é apresentado a metodologia da pesquisa. No desenvolver da pesquisa apresentamos diversos aparatos legais sobre o ensino à distância, finalmente, nas considerações conclusivas, opinamos pelo feedback e a formação continuada dos tutores que atuam na modalidade de educação à distância, que é sem dúvida mobilizadora para a inserção de sujeitos no ensino superior, principalmente em pequenas e micro cidades brasileiras que não contam com estrutura física para recebimento presencial de faculdades e universidades públicas e privadas. Nessa pesquisa, abordaremos outros aspectos da demanda contemporânea da EAD, dentre elas, algumas inquietações como: quais são os desafios do professor tutor à distância no ensino superior? De que maneira esses professores podem conceber com qualidade o ensino na educação? Dessa forma, pretenderemos explanar que o ensino à distância além de possibilitar formação no ensino superior às regiões longínquas dos grandes centros, deve se preocupar com a formação de seus professores-tutores, para que a qualidade esteja garantida nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. É dever também que as instituições de ensino promovam formação continuada em prol dos agentes das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, que abarcam e muito o comprometimento dos professores. Os docentes que atuam na EaD estão cercados de desafios e são esses, que serão aqui, abordados

Anxiety-related psychological impacts in the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes

Patients and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia, causing, consequently, the impaired quality of life. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of health-related quality of life and disease control. A novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), a pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected several sector activities, including people's health. To enhance infection control methods, appropriate interventions, and public health policies, the present study aims to assess the fear and peri-traumatic stress during the Covid-19 in Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional survey has been conducted from April 12th to 18th using the Peri-Traumatic Distress Scale (CPDI) and the Fear Scale (FCV-19S) aiming to measure the peri-traumatic stress and fear as psychological reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, an online spreadsheet was used to send the questionnaire and scales to a sample of 1844 participants as a collecting information tool. After the data analysis, the individuals were separated into 4 groups: Group 1 (1232) population without chronic health conditions; group 2 (298) patients with previous psychological suffering, group 3 (229) patients with cardiovascular diseases, group 4 (71) patients with diabetes. For analysis, G1 and were considered control for comparison with groups 2, 3 and 4 in accordance with One-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni test. Results: All the groups showed the CPDI and FCV-19S increased in comparison with the G1 group. Concerning CPDI, the G 3 was increased when compared to G1, G2 and G4. The G3 had the FCV-19S higher in comparison with G1, G2 and G4. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed a statistical difference between the control group in comparison with 2 and 3 groups (Mann-Whitney p&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Brazilian population, with patients with heart disease and hypertension presenting the highest numbers of stress and fear, with numbers comparable and even higher than those who reported previous psychological distress

Toxoplasma gondii chitinase induces macrophage activation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite found worldwide that is able to chronically infect almost all vertebrate species, especially birds and mammalians. Chitinases are essential to various biological processes, and some pathogens rely on chitinases for successful parasitization. Here, we purified and characterized a chitinase from T. gondii. The enzyme, provisionally named Tg_chitinase, has a molecular mass of 13.7 kDa and exhibits a Km of 0.34 mM and a Vmax of 2.64. The optimal environmental conditions for enzymatic function were at pH 4.0 and 50 degrees C. Tg_chitinase was immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of highly virulent T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites, mainly at the apical extremity. Tg_chitinase induced macrophage activation as manifested by the production of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a pathogenic hallmark of T. gondii infection. In conclusion, to our knowledge, we describe for the first time a chitinase of T. gondii tachyzoites and provide evidence that this enzyme might influence the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection.Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite found worldwide that is able to chronically infect almost all vertebrate species, especially birds and mammalians. Chitinases are essential to various biological processes, and some pathoge1012112FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNQP - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP [2013/10741-8]2013/10741-8SEM INFORMAÇÃOThis study was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Grant number 2013/10741-8). Additional financial help was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, and Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pe