EFEITOS DAS BEBIDAS ENERGÉTICAS NA SAÚDE CARDÍACA DE JOVENS ADULTOS

The increasing consumption of energy drinks among young adults has raised concerns due to potential cardiac health risks. This study reviewed the literature to investigate these impacts, considering that this age group is in a crucial phase for maintaining cardiovascular health. Using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, studies addressing the cardiovascular effects of energy drinks, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as adverse cardiac events, were selected. The main findings indicate that components such as caffeine and taurine have significant effects on the cardiovascular system. Caffeine can increase blood pressure and heart rate, while taurine can exacerbate these effects, especially at high doses. The review highlights the need for greater awareness of the risks of regular consumption of these drinks and suggests the implementation of clearer guidelines and stricter regulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the risks associated with energy drink consumption, providing a solid basis for future research and public health policies. Promoting safe consumption practices and establishing effective regulations are crucial to protecting the cardiac health of young adults and preventing future complications.O crescente consumo de bebidas energéticas entre jovens adultos tem despertado preocupações devido aos potenciais riscos à saúde cardíaca. Este estudo revisou a literatura para investigar esses impactos, considerando que essa faixa etária está em uma fase crucial para a manutenção da saúde cardiovascular. Utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, foram selecionados estudos que abordaram os efeitos cardiovasculares das bebidas energéticas, como aumento da frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial, bem como eventos cardíacos adversos. Os principais achados indicam que componentes como cafeína e taurina têm efeitos significativos no sistema cardiovascular. A cafeína pode aumentar a pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca, enquanto a taurina pode exacerbar esses efeitos, especialmente em doses elevadas. A revisão destaca a necessidade de maior conscientização sobre os riscos do consumo regular dessas bebidas e sugere a implementação de diretrizes e regulamentações mais rígidas. Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos riscos associados ao consumo de bebidas energéticas, fornecendo uma base sólida para futuras investigações e políticas de saúde pública. A promoção de práticas de consumo seguro e a elaboração de regulamentações eficazes são cruciais para proteger a saúde cardíaca dos jovens adultos e prevenir complicações futuras

ESTEROIDES ANABOLIZANTES EM MULHERES: DIFERENTES RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS E RISCOS ASSOCIADOS

This study explores the use of anabolic steroids by female bodybuilders, highlighting the differences in physiological responses and risks compared to men. Using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, articles investigating the effects of these compounds were analyzed. The results show that women using anabolic steroids frequently develop secondary male characteristics, such as increased body hair, voice changes, breast and uterine atrophy, amenorrhea, and clitoral hypertrophy. Such effects are less common in men due to differences in natural testosterone production. Data indicate that women face more severe risks of side effects, including cardiovascular complications and hormonal disorders, especially with prolonged use and supraphysiological doses. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions focused on education and awareness about the risks of anabolic steroid use in women. Promoting safe practices and informing about potential adverse effects is crucial to mitigate the damage associated with the use of these substances. The study suggests that, despite the anabolic benefits, the risks are significant and require an informed and cautious approach.Este estudo explora o uso de esteroides anabolizantes por mulheres praticantes de musculação, destacando as diferenças nas respostas fisiológicas e os riscos comparados aos homens. Utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, foram analisados artigos que investigam os efeitos desses compostos. Os resultados mostram que as mulheres, ao usarem esteroides anabolizantes, frequentemente desenvolvem características masculinas secundárias, como pilificação acentuada, alterações na voz, atrofia mamária e uterina, amenorreia e hipertrofia do clitóris. Tais efeitos são menos comuns nos homens devido às diferenças na produção natural de testosterona. Os dados indicam que as mulheres enfrentam riscos mais graves de efeitos colaterais, incluindo complicações cardiovasculares e distúrbios hormonais, especialmente com o uso prolongado e em doses suprafisiológicas. Estes achados sublinham a necessidade de intervenções de saúde pública focadas na educação e conscientização sobre os riscos do uso de esteroides anabolizantes em mulheres. Promover práticas seguras e informar sobre os potenciais efeitos adversos é crucial para mitigar os danos associados ao uso dessas substâncias. O estudo sugere que, apesar dos benefícios anabólicos, os riscos são significativos e exigem uma abordagem informada e cautelosa

DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS NA GESTÃO DE OVERDOSE DE FENTANIL E O USO DA NALOXONA

Since the late 1990s, the United States has faced a serious opioid crisis, worsened by the spread of fentanyl. This crisis has evolved in three waves: prescription opioid abuse, increased heroin use, and fentanyl-related deaths. The high potency and rapid action of fentanyl, along with its presence on the illicit market, make the treatment of overdoses difficult and require new therapeutic approaches. Naloxone, effective against other opioids, is less effective against fentanyl due to its complex pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. Recent studies suggest the need for higher doses of naloxone, close monitoring, and respiratory support to improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for more research to determine the optimal dosage of naloxone and evaluate new interventions. Adequate training of healthcare professionals and effective public policies are essential to combat the opioid crisis.Desde o final dos anos 1990, os Estados Unidos enfrentam uma grave crise de opioides, agravada pela disseminação do fentanil. Essa crise evoluiu em três ondas: abuso de opioides prescritos, aumento do uso de heroína e mortes relacionadas ao fentanil. A elevada potência e a rápida ação do fentanil, junto com sua presença no mercado ilícito, dificultam o tratamento de overdoses e exigem novas abordagens terapêuticas. A naloxona, eficaz contra outros opioides, mostra-se menos eficaz contra o fentanil devido à sua complexa farmacocinética e efeitos adversos. Estudos recentes sugerem a necessidade de doses maiores de naloxona, monitoramento rigoroso e suporte respiratório para melhorar os resultados clínicos. Além disso, há uma necessidade urgente de mais pesquisas para determinar a dosagem ideal de naloxona e avaliar novas intervenções. O treinamento adequado dos profissionais de saúde e políticas públicas eficazes são essenciais para combater a crise dos opioides

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

DOENÇA DE HIRSCHSPRUNG: FISIOPATOGENIA E MANEJO DO MEGACÓLON AGANGLIÔNICO INFANTIL

<p><strong>DEFINIÇÃO: </strong>consiste na anomalia congênita da inervação do intestino baixo, por isso também é conhecida pelo nome megacólon agangliônico congênito. <strong>OBJETIVO</strong>: descrever os aspectos etiológicos, fisiopatológicos, diagnósticos e manejo adequado da Doença de Hirschsprung (DH). <strong>METODOLOGIA</strong>: revisão integrativa de literatura científica na qual foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico no portal Scientific Electronic Library On Line (SciELO), sendo utilizados os seguintes descritores: (Doença de Hirschsprung) AND (etiologia) OR (fisiopatologia) OR (diagnóstico) OR (tratamento). Após critérios de seleção, foram incluídos cinco artigos para elaboração do presente estudo científico. <strong>CONCLUSÃO: </strong>a DH apresenta um sintoma clássico (fezes explosivas), associada a idade característica (<1 ano), fatores que tornam o diagnóstico suposto; mas que deve-se seguir a investigação complementar, preferencialmente com enema com contraste e, sucessivamente, com biópsia colorretal para estudo histopatológico; o manejo ocorre de acordo com a extensão do tecido anômalo, podendo variar desde medidas pouco a muito invasivas. </p&gt

Analysis of the Impact of Communication Campaigns under the Project “Syphilis No”: A National Tool for Inducing and Promoting Health

Syphilis is increasingly prevalent around the world as a result of complex factors. In Brazil, the government declared a syphilis epidemic in 2016 and then set a strategic agenda to respond to this serious public health problem. In a joint effort, Brazil’s Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) recommended that novel and diversified health communication strategies should be developed, which the “Syphilis No” project (SNP) later conducted through nationwide mass communication campaigns. We performed exploratory data analysis to identify and understand the results of three health communication campaigns by considering syphilis data trends in Brazil. The SNP, by using traditional and innovative means of communication, focused on multiple target audiences to encourage behavior changes through awareness and syphilis knowledge acquisition via the internet. In addition, the SNP disseminated information on syphilis testing, prevention, and treatment through social media and multiple media outlets. We observed that the period of the health campaigns corresponded to the period when the syphilis testing uptake increased and the number of reported cases dropped. Thus, our findings indicate that public health responses could substantially benefit from the use of health communication campaigns as a tool for health promotion, education, and transformation

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications