Pair programming and the re-appropriation of individual tools for collaborative software development

Although pair programming is becoming more prevalent in software development, and a number of reports have been written about it [10] [13], few have addressed the manner in which pairing actually takes place [12]. Even fewer consider the methods used to manage issues such as role change or the communication of complex issues. This paper highlights the way resources designed for individuals are re-appropriated and augmented by pair programmers to facilitate collaboration. It also illustrates that pair verbalisations can augment the benefits of the collocated team, providing examples from ethnographic studies of pair programmers 'in the wild'

Universal Reliability Bounds for Sparse Networks

Consider a graph with perfect nodes and edges subject to independent random failures with identical probability.The all-terminal reliability (ATR) is the probability that the resulting subgraph is connected. First, we fully characterize uniformly least reliable graphs (ULRG) whose co-rank is not greater than four. Universal reliability bounds are here introduced for those graphs. It is formally proved that ULRG are invariant under bridge-contractions, and maximize the number of bridges among all connected simple graphs with a prescribed number of nodes and edges. A closed-form for the maximum number of bridges is also given, which has an intrinsic interest from a graphtheoretic point of view. Finally, the cost-reliability trade-off is discussed, comparing the number of edges required to reduce the reliability gaps between the least and most reliable graphs. A remarkable conclusion is that the network design is critical under rare event failures, where the reliability-gap between least and most-reliable networks is monotonically increasing with the number of terminalsAgencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

The Gross-Saccoman Conjecture is True

Consider a graph with perfect nodes but independent edge failures with identical probability ρ. The reliability is the connectedness probability of the random graph. A graph with n nodes and e edges is uniformly optimally reliable (UOR) if it has the greatest reliability among all graphs with the same number of nodes and edges, for all values of ρ. In 1997, Gross and Saccoman proved that the simple UOR graphs for e = n, e = n + 1 and e = n + 2 are also optimal when the classes are extended to include multigraphs [6]. The authors conjectured that the UOR simple graphs for e = n + 3 are optimal in multigraphs as well. A proof of the Gross-Saccoman conjecture is introduced.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE GOBIERNO, RIESGOS Y CUMPLIMIENTO PARA SER ALINEADO A DISTINTAS NORMATIVAS Y REGULACIONES EN PEQUEÑAS Y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS

“Para hacer frente a algunos problemas estratégicos, algunas organizaciones han desarrollado iniciativas conocidas como Gestión, Riesgos y Cumplimiento (GRC), las cuales permiten una revisión integral mediante sus funciones de riesgos y control, además de mejorar su eficiencia y eficacia”. (J.Anderson, 2009) La estrategia de negocio es fundamental para asegurar la permanencia y éxito de las organizaciones en un mercado cada vez más competitivo. Por ello, es necesario que esta estrategia sea apalancada por herramientas automatizadas que permitan la toma de decisiones, el control y la gestión de las actividades organizacionales para monitorear el desempeño y controlar los resultados que se derivarán de los planes de negocio, requisitos reglamentarios, regulatorios o legales. La implementación y utilización de herramientas que permitan dar seguimiento a la Gestión de Riesgos y Cumplimiento proporciona beneficios como la gestión del conocimiento, la optimización de recursos, así como una mejor capacidad de respuesta y verificación del cumplimiento legal o regulatorio, lo que permite la entrega de servicios o productos eficaces y una mayor satisfacción del cliente. Lo anterior se ve reflejado en la capacidad de una organización de dar trazabilidad al cumplimiento de sus objetivos, al origen de dichos objetivos en los intereses de las partes interesadas y a su materialización en las actividades diarias de la organización