Prevalência de pediculose em crianças de escola rural em Yucatan, Mexico

We conducted an analytical cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with active head lice infestation. In total 140 children, aged 6 to 16-years, from a public school in rural Yucatan, Mexico, were examined by wet-combing. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on individuals and the conditions in the surrounding environment. Head lice infestation was found in 19 out of the 140 children tested (13.6%) and this was associated with both lower income (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) and a higher frequency of hair washing (OR 8, 95% CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Intersectoral control programs that take into account the socioeconomic differences of children should be implemented.Foi conduzido um estudo numa escola publica de área rural em Yucatan, Mexico com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de pediculose e fatores de risco associados. Das 140 crianças incluídas 19 (13.6%) apresentaram pediculose. A infestação de piolho foi associada com baixa renda (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) e maior frequência de lavagem de cabelos (OR 8, 95% CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Programas intersetoriais de controle da pediculose que levam em conta as características socioeconômicas das crianças deveriam ser executados

Research Priorities for Neglected Infectious Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean Region

Dujardin, J. C. et al. 5 p.-1 tab.Global priorities for research in neglected infectious diseases (NIDs) can be assessed in different ways, but it is important to realize that regional priorities may significantly differ one from another. The region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is—along with Africa and Asia—more affected by NIDs than other regions of the world. Some of the Latin American NIDs are common to other continents, while others are very specific or disproportionately affect the Latin American region [1– 3] (Table 1). Because of its huge ecological diversity, ongoing environmental changes, and massive migrations, LAC is also a catalyst for the (re-)emergence and spreading of NIDs, both inside and outside the subcontinent. Following a colloquium on NIDs in LAC held in Lima, Peru, between 12 and 14 November 2009, a thematic workshop was organized with the support of the European Commission (EC). It involved 29 scientists (16 from the Americas, two from the Democratic Republic of Congo and India, respectively, and nine from Europe) working on different NIDs and representing several research areas from basic to applied. This report summarizes the consensus comments of the expert group after oral and written consultation. It is envisaged that this document should stimulate a debate within the scientific community and serve as a recommendation for future actions by international or regional funding agencies in the area of NIDs in LACThis work was supported by the Directorate-General for Development Cooperation of the Belgian Government (framework agreement 03, project 95502) and the European CommissionPeer reviewe

Research priorities for neglected infectious diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean Region

Global priorities for research in neglected infectious diseases (NIDs) can be assessed in different ways, but it is important to realize that regional priorities may significantly differ one from another. The region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is—along with Africa and Asia—more affected by NIDs than other regions of the world. Some of the Latin American NIDs are common to other continents, while others are very specific or disproportionately affect the Latin American region [1– 3] (Table 1). Because of its huge ecological diversity, ongoing environmental changes, and massive migrations, LAC is also a catalyst for the (re-)emergence and spreading of NIDs, both inside and outside the subcontinent. Following a colloquium on NIDs in LAC held in Lima, Peru, between 12 and 14 November 2009, a thematic workshop was organized with the support of the European Commission (EC). It involved 29 scientists (16 from the Americas, two from the Democratic Republic of Congo and India, respectively, and nine from Europe) working on different NIDs and representing several research areas from basic to applied. This report summarizes the consensus comments of the expert group after oral and written consultation. It is envisaged that this document should stimulate a debate within the scientific community and serve as a recommendation for future actions by international or regional funding agencies in the area of NIDs in LAC. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Olbiogaster Osten Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodidae) from Mexico, with the description of three new species

Huerta, Heron, Dzul-Manzanilla, Felipe, Navarrete-Carballo, Juan C., Manrique-Saide, Pablo, Hancock, E. Geoffrey (2019): Olbiogaster Osten Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodidae) from Mexico, with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4565 (4): 475-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.

Olbiogaster taeniata Bellardi

Olbiogaster taeniata (Bellardi) Rhyphus taeniatus Bellardi 1862: 5. Type locality: Presa Tuxpango, Orizaba (Veracruz, figure habitus) [Holotype ♂ Bellardi Collection, Turin Museum of Natural History]. Osten Sacken 1878: 42 (Catalogue Diptera of North America). Olbiogaster taeniatus (Bellardi). Osten Sacken 1886–1901: 21 (designation); Townsend 1897: 21 (comments of the species); Aldrich 1905: 173 (catalogue North American Diptera); Coquillett 1910: 579 (Type species by designation); Edwards 1915: 502 (diagnosis); Edwards 1928: 21, 23 (comments); Carrera 1941: 195 (references); Corrêa 1946: 140; Sabrosky et al. 1999: 222 (family group names in Diptera). Olbiogaster taeniata (Bellardi). Kertész 1902: 307 (Catalogue Dipterorum); Lane & d´Andretta 1958: 514 (key species); Alexander 1965: 191 (catalog of Diptera of America north of Mexico); Papavero 1967: 17.4 (catalogue of Diptera of the Americas south of the United States); Khalaf 1969: 267 (distribution, records of Mississippi state); Tozoni 1993: 119 –120 (comments); Peterson 1981: 308 (figures, male genitalia); Papavero & Ibáñez-Bernal 2001: 109 (history of Mexican Dipterology). Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Fig. 10), USA (Texas, Florida, Mississippi). The type locality “Presa Tuxpango, Orizaba”. Comments. Townsend (1897) indicated the identity of specimen male from Rio Nautla, Veracruz agrees with original description of Bellardi (1862), except the mid femur are mostly yellowish, probably this specimen not its conspecific with O. taeniata, by mid femur are mostly black. The key to species from Mexico were based on Edwards (1915).Published as part of Huerta, Heron, Dzul-Manzanilla, Felipe, Navarrete-Carballo, Juan C., Manrique-Saide, Pablo & Hancock, E. Geoffrey, 2019, Olbiogaster Osten Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodidae) from Mexico, with the description of three new species, pp. 475-492 in Zootaxa 4565 (4) on page 489, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/259130

Olbiogaster sackeni Edwards

Olbiogaster sackeni Edwards Olbiogaster sackeni Edwards 1915: 502. Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Atoyac [Holotype ♂ BMNH =Natural History Museum, London, UK]. Carrera 1941: 194 (reference, key to species); Corrêa 1946: 141 –142; Lane & d´Andretta 1958: 522–523 (redescription, key species, figure male genitalia); Alexander 1965: 190 (catalog of Diptera of America north of Mexico); Papavero 1967: 17.4 (catalogue of Diptera of the Americas south of the United States); Tozoni 1993:1 33–140 (key species of neotropical region, figures male: thorax, abdomen, male genitalia). Peterson 1981: 306 (figures, wing, thorax, apical tarsomere and claw of female); Pruszynski & Hribar 2012: 58 (records Florida). Olbiogaster sp. Williston 1901: 229. (description of male; figure habitus of male; Mexico). Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Fig. 10), USA (Texas, Florida, South Carolina). The type locality, “Atoyac”, is located in the region of the Mountains, in the central part of the state of Veracruz. Comments. The description of the male provided by Lane and d’Andretta (1958: 522) differs from the original description of Edwards (1915), mainly by the coloration of the legs, in the middle and hind coxae, fore and hind femur. This led Tozoni (1993) to refer to their specimens as “ O. sackeni Edwards of Lane & d’Andretta”. The key to species of the genus from Mexico above is based in the description of Edwards (1915).Published as part of Huerta, Heron, Dzul-Manzanilla, Felipe, Navarrete-Carballo, Juan C., Manrique-Saide, Pablo & Hancock, E. Geoffrey, 2019, Olbiogaster Osten Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodidae) from Mexico, with the description of three new species, pp. 475-492 in Zootaxa 4565 (4) on pages 488-489, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/259130

Olbiogaster Osten Sacken 1886

Key to the Mexican species of Olbiogaster Osten Sacken Olbiogaster mexicana Lane & d'Andretta is only known from females. Regarding Olbiogaster sackeni Edwards and O. taeniata (Bellardi) the description of females included some characteristics indicated in the key of Lane & d'Andretta (1958: 514). Peterson (1981) added some illustrations of the wing, thorax, tarsomere and claw of Olbiogaster sackeni Edwards. 1. Male................................................................................................ 2 - Female.............................................................................................. 6 2(1). Front coxa yellow...................................................................... O. sackeni Edwards - Front coxa dark brown................................................................................. 3 3(2). Hind femur dark brown with basal or distal yellow ring....................................................... 4 - Hind femur completely dark brown (Fig. 9C).................................................... O. puuc sp. nov. 4(3). Mesonotum with a dark brown central stripe, surrounded U-shaped black stripe (Fig. 2C); sternite 10 with elongated slender arms, apically with a long spine, curved (Fig. 6J)................................................ O. nuxco sp. nov. - Mesonotum with different pattern; sternite 10 with elongated slender arms, apically with spine, slightly curved or a few setae5 5(4). Hind femur basal and apical 1/3 dark, middle 1/3 yellow; sternite 10 with elongated slender arms, apically not widened (Fig. 6D).................................................................................. O. halffteri sp. nov. - Hind femur dark, except for yellow apex; sternite 10 with elongated slender arms, apically enlarged.... O. taeniata (Bellardi) 6(1). Coxae mostly blackish brown; hind femur entirely yellowish.......................... O. mexicana Lane & d´Andretta - Fore and midcoxae yellow, with dark brown tinge; hind coxae dark brown; hind femur dark, except for basal 2/3 yellow ring (Fig. 7C)............................................................................... O. nuxco sp. nov.Published as part of Huerta, Heron, Dzul-Manzanilla, Felipe, Navarrete-Carballo, Juan C., Manrique-Saide, Pablo & Hancock, E. Geoffrey, 2019, Olbiogaster Osten Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodidae) from Mexico, with the description of three new species, pp. 475-492 in Zootaxa 4565 (4) on pages 476-477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/259130

Olbiogaster nuxco Huerta & Dzul-Manzanilla & Navarrete-Carballo & Manrique-Saide & Hancock 2019, new species

Olbiogaster nuxcoHuerta & Hancock,new species (Figs. 2 A–C, 3A–D, 4A–B, 5B–C, 6E–G, 7A–E, 10) Type material. ♂, labeled: HOLOTYPE, Olbiogaster nuxco sp. nov. MEXICO, Guerrero, Municipio Tecpan de Galeana, Localidad Nuxco, playa, Trampa Malaise, 30-January-2013. Col. Morales-Ríos, E. GPS: 17° 11’ 45.22” N; 100° 46’ 6.79’’ W; 15 m. a. s. l. (CAIM; slide-mounted). Paratypes: 17 specimens (6 ♂, 11 ♀ of which 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ are deposited in the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, Nos 162236; 162237) same data as holotype, except, 1 ♂, 13-February-2013; 1 ♀, 17-March-2013 (slide-mounted); 1 ♂ and 2 ♀, on pin; 3 ♂ (2 ♂, 25-February-2013) and 1 ♀, ethanol. Acapulco, Nuevo Centro Población, GPS: 16° 50’ 19.04” N; 99° 50’ 29.09’’ W; 92 m. a. s. l. (CAIM), 15- December-2014, colecta directa posado sobre piscina, Col. Dzul-Manzanilla, F., 1 ♂ (slide-mounted), 7 ♀ (ethanol), same data, except 1 ♀, 27-January-2016, aspirador bucal, dentro de una casa. Diagnosis. Male: distinctive pattern of the mesonotum, with a dark brown central stripe extending to the pronotum, surrounded by a U-shaped black stripe (Fig. 2C); coxae black; fore and midfemur yellow, except for subbasal narrow dark brown ring, hind femur dark brown, except for basal 2/3 yellow ring; haltere white. Female: mesonotum yellow, pleura yellow, some sclerites abdominal with dark brown tinges; fore and midcoxae yellow, with dark brown tinge, hind coxae dark brown; fore and midfemur yellow, except for subbasal narrow dark brown ring, hind femur dark brown, except basal 2/3 yellow ring. Description. Body length (including the antenna), 8.0 mm. Head (Fig. 2 B–C). Black pollinose, wider than long; eyes dichoptic, broadly separated, facets of similar width, with scarce interommatidial setae; three ocelli present, of similar size, ocular triangle black, shining; vertex, occiput, and frons gray pollinose; clypeus produced, dark brown, shiny, laterally yellow, pilose (Fig. 2B). Scape and pedicel yellow, black pilosity; flagellum black (Fig. 2A), with 14 cylindrical flagellomeres, about 1.2 times as long as wide, flagellomeres with scattered setae; antenna 3.38 mm long. Mouthparts yellow; labellum laterally flattened; premental apodeme Y-shaped; palpus setose, longer than labellum, first palpomere very short, about 1/3 as long as second, 2nd segment cylindrical, 3rd segment greatly swollen, with small, deep sensory pit, 4th and 5th cylindrical. Thorax. (Figs. 3 A–B). Mostly black. Mesonotum covered with fine whitish setulae, with distinctive pattern, with a dark brown central stripe extending to the pronotum surrounded by U-shaped black stripe (Fig. 2C, 3A). Scutellum yellow, postscutellum black, with patch of 7–8 fine, whitish lateral setae. Pleural sclerites uniformly black, shining (Fig. 3B). Post-pronotal lobe with ca. 40 fine whitish setae. Anepisternum with patch of 20 fine whitish setae on dorsal lobe, anepimeron with small patch of 15 fine whitish setae on postero-dorsal portion. Legs. (Fig. 3C). Coxae black, setose; fore and midfemur yellow, except for subbasal narrow dark brown ring, hind femur dark brown, except for basal 2/3 yellow ring; fore tibia mostly yellow, mid and hind tibia darker, hind tibia dark brown subapically. Tarsi darker, except base of tarsus of fore leg, more pale; tibiae and tarsi with dense black pilosity; all legs with setulae irregularly arranged; tibiae densely covered with irregular rows of setae; tibiae and tarsi with stiff, stout, black setae. Apical comb of seven setae present at inner face of hind tibia; tibial spurs 1:2:1. Tarsal claws black. Wing (Fig. 4A). Membrane mostly translucent, with veins dark brown, radial veins darker, membrane brownish around r-m, m-m, and m-cu, and on basal fifth of cell sc. Length, 5.0 mm; width, 1.8 mm. Membrane irregularly covered by microtrichia. C extending past R 5 at least 1/3 of distance to M 1. R 1 and R 2+3 meeting C very close together. Dark stigma covering 3/4 of R 2+3. R 5 ending before wing tip. Cross-vein r-m short, connecting to just before mid of discal cell. M 1, M 2 and M 3 arising distally from discal cell, m-cu oblique. CuA distal half sinuous. CuP complete, A incomplete. C, Sc, radials, base of M and CuA with macrotrichia. Sc complete; R 1 long, extending about 3/4 of wing length. Haltere white, pedicel and capitulum covered with short setae. Abdomen. (Figs. 3 A–B, D). Tergites dark brown, tergites 1 to 3 with pale posterior band, tergites 4 and 5 with posterolateral margins pale. Sternites 1 and 2 dark brown medially with broad pale areas, sternite 3 dark brown with pale area posteriorly, sternites 4 to 7 dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs 5 B–C). Dark brown. Gonocoxites with patch of 50–55 large setae; gonostylus (Fig. 6F) with two elongated, thin setae subapically and one spine-like, straight, strongly sclerotized, with distal portion abruptly curved inwards; aedeagal guide (ventral plate) with basal apodeme (Fig. 6E), midportion enlarged, tapering, distal portion with a pair of long setae directed anterolaterally and 2 to 3 pairs of rows of short, coarse spines, apex with a short pair of coarse spine directed ventrally; sternite 10 (Fig. 6G) complex, with two pairs of elongated slender arms connected basally, midportion curved, inner arms with apical spine, outer arms with a group of long, curved setae; cerci setose (Fig. 5C). Female. Similar to male. Body length (including the antenna), 7.9 mm, with the following notable sexual differences. Head (Figs 7 A–B). Scape and pedicel yellow, pilosity black; flagellum black, 14 cylindrical flagellomeres. Thorax. (Figs 7 A–B). Overall color yellow. Scutellum dark brown, with lateral margins yellow, postscutellum almost completely black, except anterolateral area yellow, with patch of six fine, whitish lateral setae. Pleural sclerites yellow, shining. Pleura yellow, some sclerites with dark brown tinge; anepisternum with patch of 23 fine whitish setae on dorsal lobe, anepimeron with broad dark brown tinge, small patch of 12 fine whitish setae on postero-dorsal portion; laterotergite with broad, basal dark brown tinge; metepisternum almost completely covered with dark brown tinge. Legs. (Fig. 7C). Fore and midcoxae yellow, with dark brown tinges, hind coxae dark brown; fore and midfemur yellow, except for subbasal narrow dark brown ring, hind femur dark brown, except 2/3 basal yellow ring; fore tibia mostly yellow, mid and hind tibia darker, hind tibia dark brown subapically. Wing (Fig. 4B). Length, 5.8 mm; width, 2.0 mm. Abdomen. (Figs 7A, D). Tergites 1 to 5 dark brown with pale posterior bands, more distinctive on anterior tergites, tergites 6 and 7 dark brown. Sternite 1 dark brown, sternite 2 dark brown basally, posterior part with broad yellow areas, sternites 3 and 4 dark brown medially, with yellow broad areas, sternites 5–6 dark brown, with yellow limited areas; sternite 7 with yellow area anterior; cerci dark. Spermathecae three, pyriform, equal in size (Fig 7E). Bionomics. The specimens were collected in a Malaise trap and direct collection in beach vegetation in Guerrero. Distribution. Mexico (Guerrero). Fig. 10. Etymology. This species is named after Nuxco, as the name of the type locality, used in apposition.Published as part of Huerta, Heron, Dzul-Manzanilla, Felipe, Navarrete-Carballo, Juan C., Manrique-Saide, Pablo & Hancock, E. Geoffrey, 2019, Olbiogaster Osten Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodidae) from Mexico, with the description of three new species, pp. 475-492 in Zootaxa 4565 (4) on pages 479-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/259130

Olbiogaster puuc Huerta & Dzul-Manzanilla & Navarrete-Carballo & Manrique-Saide & Hancock 2019, new species

Olbiogaster puucHuerta & Hancock,new species (Figs. 8 A–C) Type material. ♂, labeled: HOLOTYPE, Olbiogaster puuc sp. nov. MEXICO, Yucatan, Reserva Estatal Biocultural del Puuc, 7-October-2015, CDC Trap, Sitio 3, GPS: 20° 13' 44.92" N; 89° 32' 57.11" W; Col. Navarrete-Carballo, J.C. Diagnosis. Male: thorax dark brown, mesonotum with central stripe and pale dorsocentral line; coxae dark brown; forefemur with distal half yellow, half basal dark brown; midfemur yellow, except for basal dark brown ring; hind femur dark brown; haltere pale brown. Abdomen dark brown. Gonostylus with two elongated subapically setae, one inserted subbasally on the spine. Description. Body length (including the antenna), 8.5 mm. Head. Very similar to the description of O. nuxco. Scape almost entirely yellow; pedicel brown, black pilosity; flagellum black, with 11 cylindrical flagellomeres (12–14 lost flagellomeres), about 1.2 times as long as wide, flagellomeres with scattered setae. Thorax. (Fig. 8 A–B). Dark brown, mesonotum with central stripe and pale lateral margins, covered with fine whitish setulae (Fig. 8B). Scutellum dark brown, postscutellum black, with patch of 9–10 fine, whitish lateral setae. Pleural sclerites uniformly black, shining. Post-pronotal lobe with ca. 45 fine whitish setae. Anepisternum with patch of 20 fine whitish setae on dorsal lobe, anepimeron with small patch of 16 fine whitish setae on posterodorsal portion. Legs. (Fig. 9 A–C). Coxae black, setose; forefemur with distal half yellow, basally dark brown; midfemur yellow, except for basal dark brown ring; hind femur dark brown; fore and mid tibia yellow, and hind tibia darker. Tarsi darker; tibiae and tarsi with dense black pilosity; all legs with setulae irregularly arranged; tibiae densely covered with irregular rows of setae; tibiae and tarsi with stiff, stout, black setae. Apical comb of seven setae present at inner face of hind tibia; tibial spurs 1:2:1. Tarsal claws black. Wing (Fig. 8C). Membrane mostly translucent, with veins dark brown, radial veins darker, membrane brownish around r-m, m-m, and m-cu, and on basal fifth of cell sc. Length, 4.8 mm; width, 1.8 mm. Membrane irregularly covered by microtrichia. C extending past R 5 at least 1/3 of distance to M 1. R 1 and R 2+3 meeting C very close together. Dark stigma covering 3/4 of R 2+3. R 5 ending before wing tip. Cross-vein r-m short, connecting to just before mid of discal cell. M 1, M 2 and M 3 arising distally from discal cell, m-cu oblique. CuA distal half sinuous. CuP complete, A incomplete. C, Sc, radials, base of M and CuA with macrotrichia. Sc complete; R 1 long, extending about 3/4 of wing length. Haltere pale brown, pedicel and capitulum covered with short setae. Abdomen. Tergites and sternites dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 5 D–E, 6H–J). Dark brown. Gonocoxites with patch of large setae; gonostylus (Fig. 6I) with two elongated, thin setae subapically, one inserted subbasally on the strongly sclerotized spine, the distal portion of which is abruptly curved inwards; aedeagal guide with basal apodeme (Fig. 6H), midportion enlarged, tapering, distal portion with a pair of long setae directed anterolaterally and 4 short, coarse spines, apex with a short pair of coarse spine directed ventrally; sternite 10 (Fig. 6J) complex, with two pairs of elongated slender arms connected basally, midportion curved, inner arms with apical spine, outer arms with a group of long, curved setae; cerci setose (Fig. 5E). Female. Unknown. Bionomics. The specimen was collected in semi-deciduous medium dry forest with CDC trap in the natural reserve “Puuc” (Navarrete-Carballo 2017). Distribution. Mexico (Yucatan). Fig. 10. Etymology. This species is named after “Puuc”, as the name of the type locality, used in apposition.Published as part of Huerta, Heron, Dzul-Manzanilla, Felipe, Navarrete-Carballo, Juan C., Manrique-Saide, Pablo & Hancock, E. Geoffrey, 2019, Olbiogaster Osten Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodidae) from Mexico, with the description of three new species, pp. 475-492 in Zootaxa 4565 (4) on pages 485-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/259130