Condutividade elétrica e ph da solução do solo sob fertirrigação com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio e de potássio.

Os nutrientes mais requeridos pela bananeira são o nitrogênio e o potássio. O nitrogênio é o nutriente responsável pelo aumento do número de pencas, emissão e crescimento dos rebentos, aumentando consideravelmente a quantidade total de matéria seca. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes nitrogenadas e potássicas aplicadas por fertirrigação na condutividade elétrica e no pH do solo em duas profundidades. A cultivar de bananeira utilizada para o estudo foi a ?Grand Naine? com espaçamento de 2,5 x 2,5m. Os sistemas de irrigação utilizados foi o gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de seis fontes de fertilizantes, três nitrogenadas (Nitrato de cálcio, Nitrato de potássio e Uréia), e três fontes potássicas (Nitrato de potássio, Cloreto de potássio e Sulfato de potássio) durante o ciclo da cultura. Os dados permitiram avaliar o comportamento das variáveis pH e CEw durante o ciclo da bananeira. Não houve tendência de redução nem aumento do pH durante o período observado, para as fontes de fertilizantes. A fertirrigação usando as diferentes fontes não resultou em níveis elevados de condutividade elétrica da solução do solo

Myostatin (GDF8) single nucleotide polymorphisms in Nellore cattle.

The myostatin gene, also known as GDF8 (growth differentiation factor 8), is located on bovine chromosome 2 (BTA2); it has three exons and two introns. Myostatin is specifically expressed during embryonic development and in adult skeletal muscle, functioning as a negative regulatory protein. Several cattle breeds (Piedmontese, Belgian Blue and Blond?Aquitaine, and others) show polymorphisms in this gene; these polymorphisms are directly related to the double muscling phenotype. We looked for polymorphisms in the Nellore cattle myostatin gene and compared them with those known for taurine breeds. Seven regions, covering the three exons of this gene, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced, including the untranslated region. DNA from 30 adult Nellore animals was collected; DNA sequencing revealed three, seven and four polymorphisms in exons 1, 2 and 3, respectively. We found previously reported polymorphisms, as well as several new ones; for instance, 37 polymorphisms were found in the untranslated region segment, and in introns 1 and 2 there were one and three polymorphisms, respectively. The high degree of allelic heterogeneity in the myostatin gene could be related to its high mutation rate; it also could be the result of a long history of artificial selection for meat production, which has probably favored such modifications and maintained them in cattle populations. These polymorphisms identified in Nellore cattle could be useful for breeding programs

The Bos taurus-Bos indicus balance in fertility and milk related genes.

Numerical approaches to high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data are often employed independently to address individual questions. We linked independent approaches in a bioinformatics pipeline for further insight. The pipeline driven by heterozygosity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analyses was applied to characterize Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry. We infer a gene co-heterozygosity network that regulates bovine fertility, from data on 18,363 cattle with genotypes for 729,068 SNP. Hierarchical clustering separated populations according to Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry. The weights of the first principal component were subjected to Normal mixture modelling allowing the estimation of a gene's contribution to the Bos taurus-Bos indicus axis. We used deviation from HWE, contribution to Bos indicus content and association to fertility traits to select 1,284 genes. With this set, we developed a co-heterozygosity network where the group of genes annotated as fertility-related had significantly higher Bos indicus content compared to other functional classes of genes, while the group of genes associated with milk production had significantly higher Bos taurus content. The network analysis resulted in capturing novel gene associations of relevance to bovine domestication events. We report transcription factors that are likely to regulate genes associated with cattle domestication and tropical adaptation. Our pipeline can be generalized to any scenarios where population structure requires scrutiny at the molecular level, particularly in the presence of a priori set of genes known to impact a phenotype of evolutionary interest such as fertility.Artigo e0181930. Na publicação: Mauricio A. Mudadu, Luciana Regitano

Parâmetros estruturais da erva-sal cultivada em diferentes espaçamentos e irrigada com rejeito de dessalinizadores no semi-árido.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes espaçamentos sobre os parâmetros estruturais da erva-sal irrigada com rejeito de dessalinizadores

Fibrinolytic protease production by new Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1576 from amazon lichens

Background Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1576 from Amazon lichens was studied to protease and fibrinolytic production. A 22 factorial experimental design was applied to optimize its protease enzyme production using two independent variables, namely soybean flour and glucose concentrations. Results The optimal conditions to obtain high protease production (83.42 U/mL) were 1.26% soybean flour and 1.23% glucose concentration. A polynomial model was fitted to correlate the relationship between the two variables and protease activity. In relation to fibrinolytic activity, the highest activity of 706.5 mm2 was obtained at 1.7% soybean flour and 1.0% glucose concentration, which was 33% higher than plasmin. Fibrinolytic production was not optimized in the studied conditions. Conclusions These results show that the optimization of the culture medium can enhance protease production, thus becoming a good process for further research. In addition, Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1576, isolated from Amazon lichens, might be a potential strain for fibrinolytic protease production.The authors thank CAPES (National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education) for the scholarship and CNPq/RENORBIO (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, N. 55146/2010-3) and FACEPE (Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco, 0158-2.12/11) for the financial support

Aplicação de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto na investigação do controle do posicionamento do Complexo Carbonatítico Seis Lagos e no estudo do depósito (Nb) laterítico associado (Amazonas, Brasil)

The main goals of this study were to identify geological structures that controlled the emplacement of the Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex and contribute to the knowledge of the associated deposit, through the delimitation of the lateritic crust, the identification of internal structures and hydrothermal zones, where higher concentrations of Nb and REE may occur. Geophysical techniques, analysis of digital terrain elevation and processing techniques of orbital data were employed. The main regional structure has E-W direction and length of about 400 km. The positioning of the SLCC occurred where it is intersected by structures trending NE-SW and NW-SE. The boundaries of the lateritic crust are largely rectilinear, suggesting brittle structures, that may be the walls of the magma conduct, following open faults and fractures, or faults that affect the body after its crystallization. The main structures affecting the deposit have EW or NNW-SSE direction, controlled the formation of valleys and ridges, and karst processes with basin formation; therefore exerted role during laterization. Clayey zones likely related to hydrothermal processes were identified in four structures.Este estudo teve como objetivos principais identificar as estruturas geológicas que controlaram o posicionamento do Complexo Carbonatítico Seis Lagos, localizado no noroeste do Estado do Amazonas, e contribuir para o conhecimento da geologia do depósito associado, através da delimitação da crosta laterítica e identificação de estruturas internas e de zonas de alteração hidrotermal onde maiores concentrações de Nb e ETR podem ocorrer. Foram utilizados os métodos geofísicos aeromagnetometria, aerogamaespectometria e mapas de anomalia Bouger, análise de modelo digital de elevação e técnicas de processamento de dados orbitais. A principal estrutura regional tem direção geral E-W, extensão de cerca de 400 km. O posicionamento do CCSL ocorreu onde ela é intersectada por estruturas de direção NE-SW e NW-SE. Os limites da crosta laterítica são em grande parte retilíneos, sugerindo estruturas rúpteis, sejam estas as paredes do conduto magmático, aberto seguindo falhas e fraturas, ou falhas que afetaram o corpo após sua cristaliza- ção. As principais estruturas afetando o depósito têm direção E-W ou NNW-SSE, controlaram a formação de vales e cristas, a atuação de processos cársticos com formação de bacias; exerceram, portanto, papel relevante durante o processo de lateritização. Zonas ricas em argilas indicativas de alteração hidrotermal foram identificadas em quatro estruturas

Grazing behavior of lactating Murrah buffalo cows supplemented with cupuassu byproduct.

The goal of this work was to evaluate grazing behavior of lactating Murrah buffalo cows supplemented with cupuassu byproduct containing 16.8, 51.4, 8.3, 83.5 and 3.4% of ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC), respectively. Experimental rations were balanced for reaching levels of 22.0 % of crude protein (CP) and 80.1 % of total digestible nutrient (TDN)

Qualità e grado di conservazione del paesaggio vegetale del litorale sabbioso del Veneto (Italia settentrionale).

Puberty is a complex physiological event by which animals mature into an adult capable of sexual reproduction. In order to enhance our understanding of the genes and regulatory pathways and networks involved in puberty, we characterized the transcriptome of five reproductive tissues (i.e. hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, uterus, and endometrium) as well as tissues known to be relevant to growth and metabolism needed to achieve puberty (i.e., longissimus dorsi muscle, adipose, and liver). These tissues were collected from pre- and post-pubertal Brangus heifers (3/8 Brahman; Bos indicus x 5/8 Angus; Bos taurus) derived from a population of cattle used to identify quantitative trait loci associated with fertility traits (i.e., age of first observed corpus luteum (ACL), first service conception (FSC), and heifer pregnancy (HPG)). In order to exploit the power of complementary omics analyses, pre- and post-puberty co-expression gene networks were constructed by combining the results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), RNA-Seq, and bovine transcription factors. Eight tissues among pre-pubertal and post-pubertal Brangus heifers revealed 1,515 differentially expressed and 943 tissue-specific genes within the 17,832 genes confirmed by RNA-Seq analysis. The hypothalamus experienced the most notable up-regulation of genes via puberty (i.e., 204 out of 275 genes). Combining the results of GWAS and RNA-Seq, we identified 25 loci containing a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with ACL, FSC, and (or) HPG. Seventeen of these SNP were within a gene and 13 of the genes were expressed in uterus or endometrium. Multi-tissue omics analyses revealed 2,450 co-expressed genes relative to puberty. The pre-pubertal network had 372,861 connections whereas the post-pubertal network had 328,357 connections. A sub-network from this process revealed key transcriptional regulators (i.e., PITX2, FOXA1, DACH2, PROP1, SIX6, etc.). Results from these multi-tissue omics analyses improve understanding of the number of genes and their complex interactions for puberty in cattle