Mechanical Testimony

This article deals with the familiar conflict of people versus machines, in considering the legal question of whether a machine can testify against an accused. It is a generally accepted principle that a person\u27s physical appearance and characteristics are admissible in court as evidence for the purpose of identification. There is no general rule, however, which specifies what factors constitute a person\u27s physical characteristics, and a problem arises when the courts must determine whether an accused\u27s self-incrimination privilege is being abridged

Mechanical Testimony

This article deals with the familiar conflict of people versus machines, in considering the legal question of whether a machine can testify against an accused. It is a generally accepted principle that a person\u27s physical appearance and characteristics are admissible in court as evidence for the purpose of identification. There is no general rule, however, which specifies what factors constitute a person\u27s physical characteristics, and a problem arises when the courts must determine whether an accused\u27s self-incrimination privilege is being abridged

The local content of all pure two-qubit states

The (non-)local content in the sense of Elitzur, Popescu, and Rohrlich (EPR2) [Phys. Lett. A 162, 25 (1992)] is a natural measure for the (non-)locality of quantum states. Its computation is in general difficult, even in low dimensions, and is one of the few open questions about pure two-qubit states. We present a complete solution to this long-lasting problem.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Cancellation of the Chiral Anomaly in a Model with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

A perturbatively renormalized Abelian Higgs-Kibble model with a chirally coupled fermion is considered. The Slavnov identity is fulfilled to all orders of perturbation theory, which is crucial for renormalizability in models with vector bosons. BRS invariance, i.e. the validity of the identity, forces the chiral anomaly to be cancelled by Wess-Zumino counterterms. This procedure preserves the renormalizability in the one-loop approximation but it violates the Froissart bounds for partial wave amplitudes above some energy and destroys renormalizability from the second order in h bar onwards due to the counterterms. (The paper has 3 figs. in postscript which are not included; send request to the author's e-mailbox with subject: figures . The author is willing to mail hard copies of the paper.)Comment: 13 pages, plain TeX, SI 92-1

Decadal attribution of historic temperature and ocean heat content change to anthropogenic emissions

We present an alternative method of calculating the historical effective radiative forcing using the observed temperature record and a kernel based on the CMIP5 temperature response. This estimate is the effective radiative forcing time series that the average climate model would need to simulate the observed global mean surface temperature anomalies. We further infer the anthropogenic aerosols radiative forcing as a residual using the better-known greenhouse gas radiative forcing. This allows an independent estimate of anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing, which suggests a cooling influence due to aerosols in the early part of the 20th century. The temporal kernels are also used to calculate decadal contributions from the dominant forcing agents to present day temperature, ocean heat content, and thermosteric sea level rise. The current global mean temperature anomaly is dominated by emissions in the past two decades, while current ocean heat content is more strongly affected by earlier decades.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, in revision in GR

Classical simulation of entanglement swapping with bounded communication

Entanglement appears under two different forms in quantum theory, namely as a property of states of joint systems and as a property of measurement eigenstates in joint measurements. By combining these two aspects of entanglement, it is possible to generate nonlocality between particles that never interacted, using the protocol of entanglement swapping. We show that even in the more constraining bilocal scenario where distant sources of particles are assumed to be independent, i.e. to share no prior randomness, this process can be simulated classically with bounded communication, using only 9 bits in total. Our result thus provides an upper bound on the nonlocality of the process of entanglement swapping.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Barley staining

GRAIN discolouration or staining is a quality defect in W.A. barley which substantially reduces the marketable value oi the crop. It also causes heavy losses to individual growers whose grain is docked or rejected

1981 Plant viruses

1, Clover viruses - 81HA6, 81MA9, 81BR14, 81BY12, 81BH5, 81AL38, 81ES39 OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of the \u27Dinninup virus\u27 problem (sub. clover mottle). To further assess the incidence of red leaf virus to determine the incidence of bean yellow mosaic virus. To note the incidence of sub. clover stunt virus. A. BYDV: Survey of incidence - 81BU1, 81BU2, 81BR11, 81BR12, 81MA6, 81MA7, 81AL31, 81AL32, 81JE14, 81JE15, 81KA21, 81KA22, 81NA28, 81N031, 81ES38, 81E26. 2. Barley yellow dwarf virus. BYDV: Genotype x insecticide studies - 81MN14, 81MT29, 81E28, 81MN14. BYDV: differences amongst barley genotypes - 81C19, 81WH31, 81BA30. BYDV: Resistance and yield in CV.Shannon and CV. Proctor - 871BR13, 81MA8, 81AL36, 81JE17 Yield per plot and 100 seed weight - Albany 81AL36 Infection of BYDV in cereal genotypes at Manjimup ( 81MN13)

Options to Accelerate Ozone Recovery: Ozone and Climate Benefits

The humankind or anthropogenic influence on ozone primarily originated from the chlorofluorocarbons and halons (chlorine and bromine). Representatives from governments have met periodically over the years to establish international regulations starting with the Montreal Protocol in 1987, which greatly limited the release of these ozone-depleting substances (DDSs). Two global models have been used to investigate the impact of hypothetical reductions in future emissions of ODSs on total column ozone. The investigations primarily focused on chlorine- and bromine-containing gases, but some computations also included nitrous oxide (N2O). The Montreal Protocol with ODS controls have been so successful that further regulations of chlorine- and bromine-containing gases could have only a fraction of the impact that regulations already in force have had. if all anthropogenic ODS emissions were halted beginning in 2011, ozone is calculated to be higher by about 1-2% during the period 2030-2100 compared to a case of no additional ODS restrictions. Chlorine- and bromine-containing gases and nitrous oxide are also greenhouse gases and lead to warming of the troposphere. Elimination of N 20 emissions would result in a reduction of radiative forcing of 0.23 W/sq m in 2100 than presently computed and destruction of the CFC bank would produce a reduction in radiative forcing of 0.005 W/sq m in 2100. This paper provides a quantitative way to consider future regulations of the CFC bank and N 20 emission