Invariant and Metric Free Proximities for Data Matching: An R Package

Data matching is a typical statistical problem in non experimental and/or observational studies or, more generally, in cross-sectional studies in which one or more data sets are to be compared. Several methods are available in the literature, most of which based on a particular metric or on statistical models, either parametric or nonparametric. In this paper we present two methods to calculate a proximity which have the property of being invariant under monotonic transformations. These methods require at most the notion of ordering. An open-source software in the form of a R package is also presented

Movimentos sociais de mulheres e modos de vida em transformação: revendo a questão dos recursos de uso comum em comunidades tradicionais.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar comparativamente dois movimentos sociais liderados por mulheres que praticam o extrativismo de recursos de uso comum: o movimento das mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu e o das catadoras de mangaba. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma abordagem qualitativa, através de entrevistas abertas e em grupos de enfoque, além de observações direta e participante, nos lugares de trabalho e em mobilizações e eventos. Os principais resultados mostram como aos enfrentamentos nos seus respectivos campos de trabalho, juntam-se as recentes batalhas nos campos jurídicos e políticos, demandando novos aportes teóricos dos analistas e novas competências dos movimentos sociais, além da revisão do conceito de recurso de uso comum

In vivo cranial bone strain and bite force in the agamid lizard Uromastyx geyri

In vivo bone strain data are the most direct evidence of deformation and strain regimes in the vertebrate cranium during feeding and can provide important insights into skull morphology. Strain data have been collected during feeding across a wide range of mammals; in contrast, in vivo cranial bone strain data have been collected from few sauropsid taxa. Here we present bone strain data recorded from the jugal of the herbivorous agamid lizard Uromastyx geyri along with simultaneously recorded bite force. Principal and shear strain magnitudes in Uromastyx geyri were lower than cranial bone strains recorded in Alligator mississippiensis, but higher than those reported from herbivorous mammals. Our results suggest that variations in principal strain orientations in the facial skeleton are largely due to differences in feeding behavior and bite location, whereas food type has little impact on strain orientations. Furthermore, mean principal strain orientations differ between male and female Uromastyx during feeding, potentially because of sexual dimorphism in skull morphology

Development of a laser-induced heat flux technique for measurement of convective heat transfer coefficients in a supersonic flowfield

A technique is developed to measure the local convective heat transfer coefficient on a model surface in a supersonic flow field. The technique uses a laser to apply a discrete local heat flux at the model test surface, and an infrared camera system determines the local temperature distribution due to heating. From this temperature distribution and an analysis of the heating process, a local convective heat transfer coefficient is determined. The technique was used to measure the load surface convective heat transfer coefficient distribution on a flat plate at nominal Mach numbers of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0. The flat plate boundary layer initially was laminar and became transitional in the measurement region. The experimental results agreed reasonably well with theoretical predictions of convective heat transfer of flat plate laminar boundary layers. The results indicate that this non-intrusive optical measurement technique has the potential to obtain high quality surface convective heat transfer measurements in high speed flowfields

Laser Shock Microforming of Thin Metal Sheets

Continuous and long-pulse lasers have been used for the forming of metal sheets in macroscopic mechanical applications. However, for the manufacturing of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), the applicability of such type of lasers is limited by the long-relaxation-time of the thermal fields responsible for the forming phenomena. As a consequence of such slow relaxation, the final sheet deformation state is attained only after a certain time, what makes the generated internal residual stress fields more dependent on ambient conditions and might make difficult the subsequent assembly process from the point of view of residual stresses due to adjustment. The use of ns laser pulses provides a suitable parameter matching for the laser forming of an important range of sheet components used in MEMS that, preserving the short interaction time scale required for the predominantly mechanic (shock) induction of deformation residual stresses, allows for the successful processing of components in a medium range of miniaturization, particularly important according to its frequent use in such systems. In the present paper, a discussion is presented on the physics of laser shock microforming and the influence of the different effects on the net bending angle. The experimental setup used for the experiments, sample fabrication and experimental results of influence of number of laser pulses on the net bending angle are also presented

Un acercamiento al estudio del impacto de una secuencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje para mejorar la definición de tecnología

La ponencia se enmarca en el Proyecto Iberoamericano sobre la Naturaleza de la Ciencia y la Tecnología que busca mejorar en estudiantes la comprensión sobre la Naturaleza de la Ciencia y Tecnología (NdCyT), a partir del desarrollo de secuencias de enseñanza-aprendizaje (SEA) como lo es, en este caso, Tecnología: mucho más que aparatos. Ésta pretende hacer evolucionar creencias reduccionistas de estudiantes de nivel medio de Neuquén-Argentina respecto a la definición de Tecnología, involucrándolos en la resolución de una situación problemática como lo es el diseño de un baño en un campamento. Esperando culmine el procesamiento de resultados del pre y post test estandarizado aplicado para valorar el impacto pormenorizado sobre las mismas, adelantamos un somero análisis orientativo de sus respuestas a la actividad de reflexión metacognitiva

Salimicrobium salexigens sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from salted hides

Two Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacteria, designated strains 29CMIT and 53CMI, were isolated from salted hides. Both strains were non-motile, strictly aerobic cocci, growing in the presence of 3-25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 7.5-12.5 % [w/v] NaCl), between pH 5.0 and 10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.5) and at temperatures between 15 and 40 ºC (optimal growth at 37 ºC). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that both strains showed a similarity of 98.7 % and were closely related to species of the genus Salimicrobium, within the phylum Firmicutes. Strains 29CMIT and 53CMI exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.9 % to 97.6 % with Salimicrobium album DSM 20748T, Salimicrobium halophilum DSM 4771T, Salimicrobium flavidum ISL-25T and Salimicrobium luteum BY-5T. The DNA G+C content was 50.7 mol% and 51.5 mol% for strains 29CMIT and 53CMI, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization between both strains was 98 %, whereas the values between strain 29CMIT and the species Salimicrobium album CCM 3517T, Salimicrobium luteum BY-5T, Salimicrobium flavidum ISL-25T and Salimicrobium halophilum CCM 4074T were 45 %, 28 %,

An Analysis of Fundamental Waffle Mode in Early AEOS Adaptive Optics Images

Adaptive optics (AO) systems have significantly improved astronomical imaging capabilities over the last decade, and are revolutionizing the kinds of science possible with 4-5m class ground-based telescopes. A thorough understanding of AO system performance at the telescope can enable new frontiers of science as observations push AO systems to their performance limits. We look at recent advances with wave front reconstruction (WFR) on the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) 3.6 m telescope to show how progress made in improving WFR can be measured directly in improved science images. We describe how a "waffle mode" wave front error (which is not sensed by a Fried geometry Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor) affects the AO point-spread function (PSF). We model details of AEOS AO to simulate a PSF which matches the actual AO PSF in the I-band, and show that while the older observed AEOS PSF contained several times more waffle error than expected, improved WFR techniques noticeably improve AEOS AO performance. We estimate the impact of these improved WFRs on H-band imaging at AEOS, chosen based on the optimization of the Lyot Project near-infrared coronagraph at this bandpass.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 1 table; to appear in PASP, August 200

Análisis de Tensiones Residuales Inducidas en Aleaciones Metálicas por Tratamientos Superficiales mediante Ondas de Choque Generadas por Láser

En el presente artículo se plantea un estudio sobre la medida de tensiones residuales mediante el método del taladro en banda extensométrica (o agujero ciego) aplicado en probetas de aluminio 2024-T351, previamente tratadas superficialmente mediante laser shock processing (método de tratamiento superficial por ondas de choque generadas por láser, conocido como LSP). Finalmente, se realiza una comparación entre los resultados experimentales obtenidos al medir las tensiones residuales obtenidas en probetas tratadas mediante LSP y los valores obtenidos mediante un modelo de simulación