Support for group-based inequality among members of low-status groups as an ingroup status-enhancement strategy

We discuss the idea that competition-based motives boost low-status group members’ support for group-based hierarchy and inequality. Specifically, the more low-status group members feel motivated to compete with a relevant high-status outgroup, based on the belief that existing status positions may be reversed, the more they will defend status differentials (i.e., high social dominance orientation; SDO). Using minimal groups (N = 113), we manipulated ingroup (low vs. high) status, and primed unstable status positions to all participants. As expected, we found that SDO positively mediates the relation between ingroup identification and collective action, when ingroup’s status is perceived to be low and status positions are perceived as highly unstable. We discuss the implications of considering situational and contextual factors to better understand individuals’ support for group-based hierarchies and inequality, and the advantages of considering ideological processes in predicting collective action.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

6β-Chloro-5α-hydr­oxy-20-oxopregnan-3β-yl acetate

The title steroid, C23H35ClO4, is a pregnane derivative prepared by ring opening of the corresponding 5α,6α-ep­oxy steroid with BiCl3. There are two symmetry-independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit that show no significant differences concerning bond lengths and angles. The conformation of the six-membered rings in both mol­ecules is close to a chair form, while the five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation. All rings in both mol­ecules are trans-fused. The mol­ecules are held together by an extensive O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network

Production of high added value products from eggshells

There are an increasing number of food companies addressing sustainable-manufacturing practices as part of social responsibility reporting. The egg processing industry produces several tons of eggshell residues which are a major environmental problem and represent a significant cost for these industries (ca. 0.6 % of sales). The main goal of this work is to produce high added value products, namely collagen and bioactive peptides, using the remnant of collagen extraction from the eggshell membrane. The target market of the products obtained is the biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industry. The separation of the shell and the membrane was optimized and a chemical-physical process was performed having a yield of 9 % (w membrane/w shell). Times and yields for different separation methods were calculated and the economic viability of the process was studied. In order to optimize collagen extraction from the eggshell membranes several variables were studied (e.g. temperature, enzyme concentration and time). The collagen obtained was separated using saline precipitation steps and different collagen types were identified. The collagen types were visualized using SDS-electrophoresis and total quantification of collagen was made by hydroxyproline method. Moreover, the residue after collagen extraction was further digested with different enzymes, namely pancreatin, tripsin and lysin and the peptides profile was determined by HPLC-UV method. The results showed promising strategies for using this technology at industrial scale as an economic viable technology for producing high added value products from eggshells membranes. This technology will equally contribute to reducing the environmental problem associated with these residues

Analyzing the Implementation of Lean Methodologies and Practices in the Portuguese Industry: A Survey

The mass production paradigm on which much of the industry was based has changed. The market is increasingly demanding, requesting diversity and products that are more and more adapted to personal wishes and requirements. This implies producing a greater diversity of products in smaller quantities. Competitiveness is enormous, which forces most companies to be truly effective and efficient, taking care of product quality, delivery time, and final cost. Lean methodologies have been a valuable aid in this field. The diversity of Lean tools has been shown to have answers to the most diverse challenges, and companies are aware of this, increasingly adopting methodologies and processes that aim to progressively reduce waste and adapting their production paradigm to what the market requires. This work intends to provide a vision, as global as possible, of the pathway of Lean implementation in the Portuguese industry. For this purpose, a survey was carried out with a significant sample of Portuguese industrial companies from a wide range of activity sectors. The data collected through the survey were treated statistically, and then a SWOT analysis of the results was performed, which provided a collection of precious information on the evolution of industrial companies in Portugal.The author CP was partially supported by CMUP, which is financed by national funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the project with reference UIDB/00144/2020. F.J.G.S. would like to thank INEGI Research Center due to its continuous support, namely to Jorge Seabra, as well as all remaining CETRIB/INEGI/LAETA teal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Soil class map of the Rio Jardim watershed in Central Brazil at 30 meter spatial resolution based on proximal and remote sensed data and MESMA method

Geospatial soil information is critical for agricultural policy formulation and decision making, land-use suitability analysis, sustainable soil management, environmental assessment, and other research topics that are of vital importance to agriculture and economy. Proximal and Remote sensing technologies enables us to collect, process, and analyze spectral data and to retrieve, synthesize, visualize valuable geospatial information for multidisciplinary uses. We obtained the soil class map provided in this article by processing and analyzing proximal and remote sensed data from soil samples collected in toposequences based on pedomorphogeological relashionships. The soils were classified up to the second categorical level (suborder) of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS), as well as in the World Reference Base (WRB) and United States Soil Taxonomy (ST) systems. The raster map has 30 m resolution and its accuracy is 73% (Kappa coefficient of 0.73). The soil legend represents a soil class followed by its topsoil color

A New Mutation Causing Progressive Familiar Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 3 in Association with Autoimmune Hepatitis

Background: Some patients exhibit features of both autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Similarly, patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) may share histological features with PSC. Case report: We report the case of a 22-year-old man who, since he was 5 years of age, has presented with pruritus, an approximately ninefold elevation of aminotransferases, and γ-glutamyl transferase levels ~10 times the upper limit. Initially he was diagnosed with an overlap syndrome of small duct PSC plus AIH. However, fluctuations in liver enzymes were observed over the following years. Analysis of the ABCB4 gene indicated the diagnosis of PFIC3, revealing a mutation not previously reported. Conclusion: With this case report we aim to describe a new mutation, raise awareness of this rare pathology and highlight the importance of genetic testing of the ABCB4 gene in patients with autoimmune liver disease (mainly small duct PSC) with incomplete response to immunosuppressive treatmen

Social Dominance Orientation Boosts Collective Action Among Low-Status Groups

We propose that low-status group members' support for group-based hierarchy and inequality (i.e., social dominance orientation; SDO) may represent an ideological strategy to guarantee the legitimacy of future ingroup status-enhancement. Specifically, we argue that, under unstable social structure conditions, SDO serves as an ideological justification for collective action tendencies aimed at competing for a higher status. In such context, SDO should be positively related with actions aimed to favor the ingroup (i.e., collective actions) by increasing group members' motivation to engage in direct competition with a relevant higher-status outgroup. We conducted two studies under highly competitive and unstable social structure contexts using real life groups. In Study 1 (N = 77), we induced Low vs. High Ingroup (University) Status and in Study 2 (N = 220) we used competing sports groups. Overall, results showed that, among members of low-status groups, SDO consistently increased individuals' motivation to get involved in actions favoring the ingroup, by boosting their motivation to compete with the opposing high-status outgroup. We discuss the results in light of the social dominance and collective action framework.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Water erosion in a Yellow-Red Ultisol under different patterns of simulated rain

Visou-se, neste trabalho, determinar as perdas de solo, água e nutrientes em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo submetido a quatro diferentes padrões de chuva simulada. O estudo foi conduzido no Campo Experimental da Embrapa-Agrobiologia, localizado no município de Seropédica, RJ, e consistiu na aplicação de chuvas simuladas com diferentes padrões caracterizados como avançado (AV), intermediário (IN), atrasado (AT) e constante (CT), em uma área amostral de 0,80 m de largura por 1,0 m de comprimento. As chuvas tiveram duração de 60 min com uma lâmina total aplicada de 30 mm e um pico de 110 mm h-1, para os padrões de intensidade variável. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram concluir que após 60 min de chuva simulada as perdas de solo e água observadas para o padrão atrasado foram, em média, superiores em 61,6, 46,4 e 13,6%, respectivamente, para o CT, AV e IN (solo), e de 42,0, 19,0 e 19,0%, respectivamente, para o AV, IN e CT (água) e as perdas de nutrientes não diferiram entre os padrões de precipitação, sendo mais influenciadas pelas perdas de água escoada superficialmente que pelo material sólido em suspensão.This study was carried out in order to determine the soil, water and nutrient losses in a Yellow-Red Ultisol, under four different patterns of simulated rainfall. The experiment was conducted at the Embrapa Agrobiologia experimental field, located in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study consisted in the application of simulated rains using variable rainfall intensity classified in different patterns as: advanced (AD), intermediate (IN), delayed (DE), and constant (CT), in plots 0.8 m wide and 1.0 m long. The rain had a duration of 60 min, with a total applied depth of 30 mm, and a peak of 110 mm h-1, for the variable intensity patterns. With the results obtained it was possible to verify that after 60 min of simulated DE pattern provided losses higher than CT, AD and IN, in 61.6, 46.4 and 13.6%, respectively (soil), and 42.0, 19.0 and 19.0% (run-off), respectively, for the AD, IN and CT patterns; and the nutrients losses did not differ among the rainfall patterns, being more affected by water run-off than solid material in suspension

Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais

A pandemia originou um conjunto de impactos de diferentes magnitudes no território. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem exploratória para compreender como a existência de determinadas vulnerabilidades no momento pré-crise conduziu a diferentes impactos nos territórios em Portugal. Partindo da escala municipal, a análise define uma tipologia de territórios vulneráveis em função dos graus de exposição e suscetibilidade que apresentam, e compara os distintos grupos de municípios dessa tipologia com os impactos territoriais da crise pandémica em termos das dinâmicas de desemprego. Os resultados atestam a existência de vulnerabilidades acrescidas em territórios muito dependentes do turismo e dos que integram áreas metropolitanas, cujas estruturas socioeconómicas redundaram em situações de maior crescimento do desemprego em 2020. O artigo tem implicações para a reflexão sobre vulnerabilidade territorial, resiliência e políticas públicas para transformar a economia portuguesa no período pós-pandemia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Establishment of Tanzania Grass Pasture Using Millet as a Companion Crop

Forage yield and quality of millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and tanzania grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania I) were evaluated when grown in mixture. The treatments evaluated were four seed mixture combinations, based on a standard sowing density of 8 kg.ha-1, of tanzania grass/millet (08/00; 05/03; 04/04 and 03/05 kg.ha-1) and three cutting frequencies (1 cutting – 100th day after sowing; 2 cuttings – 50th and 100th days after sowing and 3 cuttings – 40th, 70th and 100th days after sowing), in a randomized complete block design, with four replications, in a split-plot scheme. Sowing densities were allocated in the main plots (5.0 x 12.0 m, each) and cutting frequencies in the subplots (5.0 x 4.0 m, each). The yields of DM of millet combined with tanzania grass were higher than that for pure tanzania grass stand. The CP increased whereas NDF and ADF decreased for both millet and tanzania grass with increasing cutting frequency. There was a small decrease in CP content when millet was in association with tanzania grass. According to these results, it was concluded that it is feasible the establishment of tanzania grass pasture using millet as a companion crop